Parasitic interface side reactions and uncontrollable Zn deposition seriously erode the cycling performance of aqueous zinc ion batteries,thus impeding the large-scale application.Herein,an organic acid molecule with ...Parasitic interface side reactions and uncontrollable Zn deposition seriously erode the cycling performance of aqueous zinc ion batteries,thus impeding the large-scale application.Herein,an organic acid molecule with a unique molecular structure,camphorsulfonic acid(CSA),is first proposed to remodel the interface microenvironment as an electrolyte additive.The proton provided by CSA can neutralize the hydroxide ions generated by side reactions and inhibit the accumulation of alkaline by-products.The sulfonic acid groups are firmly adsorbed on the Zn anode surface,thereby enabling the regulation of interfacial species.Specifically,oxygen-containing functional groups combined with hydrophobic rigid carbon rings achieve a water-poor interface environment and promote the transfer of Zn^(2+),providing a suitable environment for Zn deposition.As a result,Zn//Zn symmetrical battery can run for over 2800 h(2 mA cm^(-2)-2 mAh cm^(-2)),demonstrating 28-times lifespan compared to the battery without CSA.Furthermore,Zn//KVO full cell presents excellent performance of 800 cycles at 3 A g^(-1).Besides,the pouch cell with CSA can also operate a capacity of 153.8 mAh after 60 cycles at 0.5 A g^(-1) with96.5%capacity retention rate.This work provides an organism-inspired additive selection for stabilizing the interface chemistry of the Zn anode.展开更多
The Cu-Ni-W alloys for the liners for shaped charges were successfully prepared by direct current(DC)electrodeposition.The influence of cathode current density on morphology,microstructure and composition of the Cu-Ni...The Cu-Ni-W alloys for the liners for shaped charges were successfully prepared by direct current(DC)electrodeposition.The influence of cathode current density on morphology,microstructure and composition of the Cu-Ni-W alloys was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS).With the increasing of current density,the copper content reduces gradually and the nickel and tungsten content increase;the crystallite size is decreased.When the current density is 15 A/dm 2 the tungsten content reaches 12.96 wt pct,and the crystallite size is submicron degree.The Cu-Ni-W alloy is face-centered cubic(fcc)solid solution.All of the Cu-Ni-W alloys take on(220)texture.展开更多
A new method for preparation of TaC coating on C/C composite material is reported.The amorphous ethylate tantalum jellied as the precursor is prepared and spread densely on the surface of the C/C composite material so...A new method for preparation of TaC coating on C/C composite material is reported.The amorphous ethylate tantalum jellied as the precursor is prepared and spread densely on the surface of the C/C composite material so as to form a multilayer film.In a graphitization furnace the multilayer film is transformed into TaC coating at various temperatures.Ethylate tantalum film is characterized by FT-IR(Fourier transform infrared)spectra,XRD(X-ray diffraction)and SEM(scanning electron microscopy)and TaC coating is characterized by XRD and SEM.At 1200℃the coating contained TaC and Ta2O5,and at above 1400℃only TaC is formed.The coating formed at 1600℃is a continuous stratum structure,and that formed at 1600℃is a porous net structure.Analysis on thermodynamics and formation mechanism of TaC indicates that,after ethylate tantalum is decomposed,Ta2O5 is first produced and then transformed into Ta2C,and newly formed Ta2C is transformed into TaC by the sufficient C at last.展开更多
Aqueous Zn-based energy storage(AZES)devices are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems.Nevertheless,AZES devices still face some critical bottlenecks and challenges,including poor chemical stabil...Aqueous Zn-based energy storage(AZES)devices are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems.Nevertheless,AZES devices still face some critical bottlenecks and challenges,including poor chemical stability of Zn anode and a narrow operating voltage window of aqueous electrolyte.Zwitterions are typically organic salts in which cations and anions are covalently bonded.Zwitterionic materials have garnered considerable research attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage due to their solubility in polar solvents,strong hydration ability,and dipole formation for the transfer of carriers.Zwitterionic materials have been shown to achieve excellent effects on addressing the issues in AZES devices,yet the explorations with limited understanding of the functional mechanism and design basis of the zwitterionic materials.Accordingly,this review discusses the unique structure and characteristics of zwitterionic materials and summaries the applications and mechanisms of zwitterionic materials in AZES devices.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of zwitterionic materials working in the AZES devices optimization are offered for future research.展开更多
基金financially supported by The Excellent Youth Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province(No.24B0008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377222)。
文摘Parasitic interface side reactions and uncontrollable Zn deposition seriously erode the cycling performance of aqueous zinc ion batteries,thus impeding the large-scale application.Herein,an organic acid molecule with a unique molecular structure,camphorsulfonic acid(CSA),is first proposed to remodel the interface microenvironment as an electrolyte additive.The proton provided by CSA can neutralize the hydroxide ions generated by side reactions and inhibit the accumulation of alkaline by-products.The sulfonic acid groups are firmly adsorbed on the Zn anode surface,thereby enabling the regulation of interfacial species.Specifically,oxygen-containing functional groups combined with hydrophobic rigid carbon rings achieve a water-poor interface environment and promote the transfer of Zn^(2+),providing a suitable environment for Zn deposition.As a result,Zn//Zn symmetrical battery can run for over 2800 h(2 mA cm^(-2)-2 mAh cm^(-2)),demonstrating 28-times lifespan compared to the battery without CSA.Furthermore,Zn//KVO full cell presents excellent performance of 800 cycles at 3 A g^(-1).Besides,the pouch cell with CSA can also operate a capacity of 153.8 mAh after 60 cycles at 0.5 A g^(-1) with96.5%capacity retention rate.This work provides an organism-inspired additive selection for stabilizing the interface chemistry of the Zn anode.
文摘The Cu-Ni-W alloys for the liners for shaped charges were successfully prepared by direct current(DC)electrodeposition.The influence of cathode current density on morphology,microstructure and composition of the Cu-Ni-W alloys was investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS).With the increasing of current density,the copper content reduces gradually and the nickel and tungsten content increase;the crystallite size is decreased.When the current density is 15 A/dm 2 the tungsten content reaches 12.96 wt pct,and the crystallite size is submicron degree.The Cu-Ni-W alloy is face-centered cubic(fcc)solid solution.All of the Cu-Ni-W alloys take on(220)texture.
文摘A new method for preparation of TaC coating on C/C composite material is reported.The amorphous ethylate tantalum jellied as the precursor is prepared and spread densely on the surface of the C/C composite material so as to form a multilayer film.In a graphitization furnace the multilayer film is transformed into TaC coating at various temperatures.Ethylate tantalum film is characterized by FT-IR(Fourier transform infrared)spectra,XRD(X-ray diffraction)and SEM(scanning electron microscopy)and TaC coating is characterized by XRD and SEM.At 1200℃the coating contained TaC and Ta2O5,and at above 1400℃only TaC is formed.The coating formed at 1600℃is a continuous stratum structure,and that formed at 1600℃is a porous net structure.Analysis on thermodynamics and formation mechanism of TaC indicates that,after ethylate tantalum is decomposed,Ta2O5 is first produced and then transformed into Ta2C,and newly formed Ta2C is transformed into TaC by the sufficient C at last.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377222)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ20064).
文摘Aqueous Zn-based energy storage(AZES)devices are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems.Nevertheless,AZES devices still face some critical bottlenecks and challenges,including poor chemical stability of Zn anode and a narrow operating voltage window of aqueous electrolyte.Zwitterions are typically organic salts in which cations and anions are covalently bonded.Zwitterionic materials have garnered considerable research attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage due to their solubility in polar solvents,strong hydration ability,and dipole formation for the transfer of carriers.Zwitterionic materials have been shown to achieve excellent effects on addressing the issues in AZES devices,yet the explorations with limited understanding of the functional mechanism and design basis of the zwitterionic materials.Accordingly,this review discusses the unique structure and characteristics of zwitterionic materials and summaries the applications and mechanisms of zwitterionic materials in AZES devices.Finally,the challenges and perspectives of zwitterionic materials working in the AZES devices optimization are offered for future research.
