High-temperature phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted significant attention in the field of thermal energy storage due to their ability to store and release large amounts of heat within a small temperature fluct...High-temperature phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted significant attention in the field of thermal energy storage due to their ability to store and release large amounts of heat within a small temperature fluctuation range.However,their practical application is limited due to problems such as leakage,corrosion,and volume changes at high temperatures.Recent research has shown that macroencapsulation technology holds promise in addressing these issues.This paper focuses on the macroencapsulation technology of high-temperature PCMs,starting with a review of the classification and development history of high-temperature macroencapsulatd PCMs.Four major encapsulation strategies,including electroplating method,solid/liquid filling method,sacrificial material method,and powder compaction into sphere method,are then summarized.The methods for effectively addressing issues such as corrosion,leakage,supercooling,and phase separation in PCMs are analyzed,along with approaches for improving the heat transfer performance,mechanical strength,and thermal cycling stability of macrocapsules.Subsequently,the structure and packing arrangement optimization of macrocapsules in thermal storage systems is discussed in detail.Finally,after comparing the performance of various encapsulation strategies and summarizing existing issues,the current technical challenges,improvement methods,and future development directions are proposed.More attention should be given to utilizing AI technology and reinforcement learning to reveal the multiphysics-coupled heat and mass transfer mechanisms in macrocapsule applications,as well as to optimize material selection and encapsulation parameters,thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of thermal storage systems.展开更多
BACKGROUND Fulminant lupus myocarditis is a rare but fatal manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus.Aggressive immunosuppressive treatments are important in its successful management.However,they can significantl...BACKGROUND Fulminant lupus myocarditis is a rare but fatal manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus.Aggressive immunosuppressive treatments are important in its successful management.However,they can significantly damage the immunity and are associated with a considerable risk of infection development and spread.We present a rare and complicated case of a 20-year-old female diagnosed with fulminant lupus myocarditis accompanied by pneumonia.The patient was successfully treated with plasma exchange(PE)for fulminant lupus myocarditis.CASE SUMMARY A 20-year-old Chinese woman presented to the Hematology Department complaining of fatigue and knee pain.Blood test showed anemia and thrombocytopenia.On the second day of hospitalization,she was transferred to the ICU due to dyspnea and hypotension.Autoimmune profiles showed hypocomplementemia and positive antinuclear antibodies.Computer tomography showed an enlarged heart and pneumonia.Ultrasound revealed an enlarged heart with a low left ventricular ejection fraction.Fulminant lupus myocarditis with cardiogenic shock was initially considered.Due to the accompanying pneumonia,aggressive immunosuppression was contraindicated.Her cardiac function remained critical after the initial therapy of intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids at a conventional dose,but she responded well to later PE therapy plus corticosteroids administration.The patient fully recovered with normal cardiac function.CONCLUSION This case indicates that PE is a valuable treatment choice without adverse effects of immunosuppression in patients with fulminant lupus myocarditis and coexisting infection.展开更多
Built-up land has increased rapidly in recent decades,thus aggravating the competition for land between multiple uses.The increase in urban land can be decomposed into changes in population and changes in built-up lan...Built-up land has increased rapidly in recent decades,thus aggravating the competition for land between multiple uses.The increase in urban land can be decomposed into changes in population and changes in built-up land per person.Yet,it is unclear how this decomposition differs by country and how this decomposition changes over time.Moreover,we don’t know whether these changes affect the inequality in built-up land per capita.Here,we analyze the global distribution of built-up land per capita in the year 2020,as well as the changes therein between 1985 and 2020.We find that built-up land per capita in 2020 differs by an order of magnitude between countries,ranging from 15 m^(2) per person in Ethiopia to 734 m^(2) per person in Australia.Moreover,we find a wide range of different change trajectories,including both increases and decreases in built-up land per capita and in total population.As the total area of urban land increased in all countries,decreases in urban land consumption reflect a situation where the population increases faster than the total amount of urban land.We also find a large inequality in urban land consumption across countries,as indicated by a Gini index of 0.47 in 1985,decreasing only slightly to 0.45 in 2020.These findings suggest the need for a regionally differentiated approach to reduce urban land take,focusing first on mitigating further increases in those countries that already have a high urban land consumption.展开更多
The cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,liver,brain,and kidney,but its role and mechanisms in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been systematically revie...The cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,liver,brain,and kidney,but its role and mechanisms in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been systematically reviewed.Here,we outline the components of the cGAS–STING pathway and then analyze its role in autophagy,ferroptosis,cellular pyroptosis,disequilibrium of calcium homeostasis,inflammatory responses,disruption of the blood–brain barrier,microglia transformation,and complement system activation following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.We further analyze the value of cGAS–STING pathway inhibitors in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and conclude that the pathway can regulate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through multiple mechanisms.Inhibition of the cGAS–STING pathway may be helpful in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.展开更多
Carbon-based foams with a three-dimensional structure can serve as a lightweight template for the rational design and control-lable preparation of metal oxide/carbon-based composite microwave absorption materials.In t...Carbon-based foams with a three-dimensional structure can serve as a lightweight template for the rational design and control-lable preparation of metal oxide/carbon-based composite microwave absorption materials.In this study,a flake-like nickel cobaltate/re-duced graphene oxide/melamine-derived carbon foam(FNC/RGO/MDCF)was successfully fabricated through a combination of solvo-thermal treatment and high-temperature pyrolysis.Results indicated that RGO was evenly distributed in the MDCF skeleton,providing ef-fective support for the load growth of FNC on its surface.Sample S3,the FNC/RGO/MDCF composite prepared by solvothermal method for 16 h,exhibited a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of-66.44 dB at a thickness of 2.29 mm.When the thickness was reduced to 1.50 mm,the optimal effective absorption bandwidth was 3.84 GHz.Analysis of the absorption mechanism of FNC/RGO/MDCF revealed that its excellent absorption performance was primarily attributed to the combined effects of conduction loss,multiple reflection,scattering,in-terface polarization,and dipole polarization.展开更多
A-type rocks have drawn considerable attention in the past few decades due to their distinctive mineralogical and geochemical fingerprints and prospective utility for geodynamic reconstruction of the lithosphere.A com...A-type rocks have drawn considerable attention in the past few decades due to their distinctive mineralogical and geochemical fingerprints and prospective utility for geodynamic reconstruction of the lithosphere.A comprehensive study,involving zircon U-Pb geochronology,wholerock elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic geochemistry,was undertaken to elucidate the origin and evolutionary process for syenites from the Daguiping area in the North Daba mountains,South Qinling belt.The syenites revealed an Ordovician igneous crystallization age of 454.4±17 Ma,coeval with the neighboring mafic rocks.All samples show high SiO_(2),LREEs,and HFSEs(Nb,Ta,Zr and Hf)contents,with negative to slightly positive Eu(Eu/Eu^(*)=0.78-1.08)anomalies.The geochemical characteristics of the Daguiping syenites imply that they are of A_1-type magmatic affinity,which is confirmed by their high total alkali levels(8.57 wt.%-11.94 wt.%),Zr+Nb+Ce+Y contents(738.00 ppm-1734.78 ppm),and 10000×Ga/Al ratios(3.25-4.22),as well as low Y/Nb ratios(0.30-0.40).Our samples exhibit a wide range of initial^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of 0.701943 to 0.709802 and a narrow range of^(143)Nd/^(144)Nd ratios of 0.512205-0.512246 withε_(Nd)(t)values from+3.0 to+3.8.These rocks display(^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb)_(initial),(^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb)_(initial),and(^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb)_(initial)ratios range from 17.96 to 18.62,15.55 to 15.59,and 36.87 to 38.22,respectively.All of the isotopic data indicate that the syenites were essentially mantle-derived.A cogenetic source for the Daguiping syenites and coeval mafic rocks in the South Qinling belt is supported by their uniform Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data and linear major/trace elemental changes,with prolonged fractional crystallization considered as the essential mechanism for these geochemical discrepancies.Mass-balance and Rayleigh fractionation modeling estimate~85 vol%fractional crystallization involving amphibole,clinopyroxene,plagioclase,Kfeldspar,biotite,Fe-Ti oxide,and quartz,to reproduce the compositional varieties between a coeval mafic rock and the Daguiping syenites.The Daguiping syenites and associated alkaline rocks were likely related to a rifting episode triggered by asthenospheric upwelling,which led to the South Qinling detaching from the South China Block along the Mianlue suture during the Early Paleozoic.展开更多
The application of artificial intelligence(AI)in carotid atherosclerotic plaque detection via computed tomography angiography(CTA)has significantly ad-vanced over the past decade.This mini-review consolidates recent i...The application of artificial intelligence(AI)in carotid atherosclerotic plaque detection via computed tomography angiography(CTA)has significantly ad-vanced over the past decade.This mini-review consolidates recent innovations in deep learning architectures,domain adaptation techniques,and automated pl-aque characterization methodologies.Hybrid models,such as residual U-Net-Pyramid Scene Parsing Network,exhibit a remarkable precision of 80.49%in plaque segmentation,outperforming radiologists in diagnostic efficiency by reducing analysis time from minutes to mere seconds.Domain-adaptive fra-meworks,such as Lesion Assessment through Tracklet Evaluation,demonstrate robust performance across heterogeneous imaging datasets,achieving an area under the curve(AUC)greater than 0.88.Furthermore,novel approaches inte-grating U-Net and Efficient-Net architectures,enhanced by Bayesian optimi-zation,have achieved impressive correlation coefficients(0.89)for plaque quanti-fication.AI-powered CTA also enables high-precision three-dimensional vascular segmentation,with a Dice coefficient of 0.9119,and offers superior cardiovascular risk stratification compared to traditional Agatston scoring,yielding AUC values of 0.816 vs 0.729 at a 15-year follow-up.These breakthroughs address key challenges in plaque motion analysis,with systolic retractive motion biomarkers successfully identifying 80%of vulnerable plaques.Looking ahead,future directions focus on enhancing the interpretability of AI models through explainable AI and leveraging federated learning to mitigate data heterogeneity.This mini-review underscores the transformative potential of AI in carotid plaque assessment,offering substantial implic-ations for stroke prevention and personalized cerebrovascular management strategies.展开更多
A fatal issue of Zn-based electrochemical energy storage is uneven Zn^(2+)deposition on the Zn metal anode.Unfortunately,the modulation for the inherent electric field,the origin of driving force for ion diffusion,has...A fatal issue of Zn-based electrochemical energy storage is uneven Zn^(2+)deposition on the Zn metal anode.Unfortunately,the modulation for the inherent electric field,the origin of driving force for ion diffusion,has been given insufficient importance.Herein,the redistribution of the surrounding electric field is demonstrated to depend on the permittivity of the surface medium for the first time,where highpermittivity particles can simultaneously enhance vertical components and reduce horizontal components of the electric field through polarization.Consequently,a bacterial cellulose-based separator is proposed by incorporating a high-permittivity surface medium.Cellulose serves as a robust substrate with a rather low thickness to enable homogeneous dispersion of high-permittivity particles on the surface,which can regulate the localized electric field to guide even Zn deposition by inhibiting twodimensional(2D)Zn^(2+)diffusion and suppressing side reactions by repulsing anion migration toward the Zn anode.The separator achieves significantly enhanced Zn anode stability of 2880 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)and a cumulative capacity of 3.5 Ah cm^(-2)at 10 mA cm^(-2).It also enables a long-term lifespan of 50,000 cycles in Zn||AC capacitor and 1000 cycles at a limited negative/positive(N/P)ratio of 3:1.This work provides a new view to stabilize Zn anode by electric field modulation.展开更多
Oroxylin A(OA),a natural compound extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis,demonstrates preventive potential against ultraviolet B(UVB)-induced non-melanoma skin cancer(NMSC),the most prevalent cancer worldwide with inc...Oroxylin A(OA),a natural compound extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis,demonstrates preventive potential against ultraviolet B(UVB)-induced non-melanoma skin cancer(NMSC),the most prevalent cancer worldwide with increasing incidence.Utilizing SKH-1 hairless mice exposed to UVB,this study showed that OA delayed NMSC onset and alleviated acute skin damage.Mechanistic investigations revealed its dual action:inhibiting inflammation and enhancing nucleotide excision repair(NER)by stabilizing XPA,a crucial deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)repair protein.This stabilization occurred through OA's interaction with glucose-regulated protein 94(GRP94),which disrupted murine double minute 2(MDM2)-mediated XPA ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.By maintaining XPA levels,OA expedited photoproduct clearance and diminished genomic instability,ultimately impeding NMSC development.These findings suggest OA as a promising chemopreventive agent targeting the GRP94/MDM2-XPA axis to counteract UVB-induced carcinogenesis.展开更多
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(Fe_(x)O_(y) NPs,mainly Fe3O4 andγ-Fe2O_(3))are nanomaterials ubiquitously present in aquatic,terrestrial,and atmospheric environments,with a high prevalence and complex sources.Over ...Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(Fe_(x)O_(y) NPs,mainly Fe3O4 andγ-Fe2O_(3))are nanomaterials ubiquitously present in aquatic,terrestrial,and atmospheric environments,with a high prevalence and complex sources.Over the past decade,numerous reports have emerged on the presence of exogenous particles in human body,facilitated by the rapid development of separation and detection methods.The health risk associated with magnetic Fe_(x)O_(y) NP have garnered escalating attention due to their presence in human blood and brain tissues,especially for their potential association with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive overview of sources,analysis methods,environmental impacts,and health risks of magnetic Fe_(x)O_(y) NP.Currently,most researches are primarily based on engineered Fe_(x)O_(y) NP,while reports aboutmagnetic Fe_(x)O_(y) NP existing in real-world environments are still limited,especially for their occurrence levels in various environmental matrices,environmental transformation behavior,and biotoxic effects.Our study reviews this emerging pollutant,providing insights to address current research deficiencies and chart the course for future studies.展开更多
Accurately distinguishing between the endogenous formation and exogenous exposure of Fe-bearing particles(e.g.,magnetic Fe particles)within biological organisms is the prerequisite for scientifically evaluating their ...Accurately distinguishing between the endogenous formation and exogenous exposure of Fe-bearing particles(e.g.,magnetic Fe particles)within biological organisms is the prerequisite for scientifically evaluating their health risks.However,this remains a challenging task due to lacking the comprehensive understanding of the endogenous formation process of Fe-bearing particles.Here,we report the formation dynamics of Fe-bearing particles under conditions closely resembling actual physiological conditions,and compare the morphological and structural differences between endogenous and exogenous Fe-bearing particles.We find that Fe-bearing particles can indeed form under physiological conditions at 37℃.In this process,phosphate plays a crucial role in the oxidation and mineralization of iron ions.Moreover,endogenously formed Fe-bearing particles typically have a diameter of less than8 nm,and iron is the only metal element present.Therefore,we propose that Fe-bearing particles found in the body with a diameter larger than 8 nm are mainly derived from exogenous exposure.For Fe-bearing particles smaller than 8 nm,it is necessary to combine associated elements and crystal structure characteristics to distinguish between endogenous and exogenous sources.This study provides direct evidence from endogenous metabolism for tracing Fe-bearing particles,especially magnetic iron particles,within the human body.展开更多
Intuitively,the solvation structure featuring stronger interacted sheath in deep eutectic solution(DES)electrolyte would result in sluggish interfacial charge transfer and intense polarization,which obstructs its prac...Intuitively,the solvation structure featuring stronger interacted sheath in deep eutectic solution(DES)electrolyte would result in sluggish interfacial charge transfer and intense polarization,which obstructs its practical application in emerging Zn based batteries.Unexpectedly,here we discover a Zn‖organic battery with exceptional kinetics properties enabled by a hydrated DES electrolyte,which can render higher discharge capacity,smaller voltage polarization,and faster kinetics of charge transfer in comparison with conventional aqueous 3 M ZnCl_(2)electrolyte,though its viscosity is two orders of magnitude higher than the latter.The improved kinetics of charge transfer and ion diffusion is demonstrated to originate from the local electron structure regulation of cathode in hydrated DES electrolyte.Furthermore,the DES electrolyte has also been shown to restrict parasitic reaction associated with active water by preferential urea-molecular adsorption on Zn surface and stronger water trapping in solvation structure,giving rise to long-term stable dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping.This work provides a new rationale for understanding electrochemical behaviors of organic cathodes in DES electrolyte,which is conducive to the development of high-performance Zn‖organic batteries.展开更多
Nuclear mass is an important property in both nuclear and astrophysics.In this study,we explore an improved mass model that incorporates a higher-order term of symmetry energy using algorithms.The sequential least squ...Nuclear mass is an important property in both nuclear and astrophysics.In this study,we explore an improved mass model that incorporates a higher-order term of symmetry energy using algorithms.The sequential least squares programming(SLSQP)algorithm augments the precision of this multinomial mass model by reducing the error from 1.863 MeV to 1.631 MeV.These algorithms were further examined using 200 sample mass formulae derived from theδE term of the E_(isospin) mass model.The SLSQP method exhibited superior performance compared to the other algorithms in terms of errors and convergence speed.This algorithm is advantageous for handling large-scale multiparameter optimization tasks in nuclear physics.展开更多
Radio environment plays an important role in radio astronomy observations.Further analysis is needed on the time and intensity distributions of interference signals for long-term radio environment monitoring.Sample va...Radio environment plays an important role in radio astronomy observations.Further analysis is needed on the time and intensity distributions of interference signals for long-term radio environment monitoring.Sample variance is an important estimate of the interference signal decision threshold.Here,we propose an improved algorithm for calculating data sample variance relying on four established statistical methods:the variance of the trimmed data,winsorized sample variance,median absolute deviation,and median of the trimmed data pairwise averaged squares method.The variance and decision threshold in the protected section of the radio astronomy L-band are calculated.Among the four methods,the improved median of the trimmed data pairwise averaged squares algorithm has higher accuracy,but in a comparison of overall experimental results,the cleanliness rate of all algorithms is above 96%.In a comparison between the improved algorithm and the four methods,the cleanliness rate of the improved algorithm is above 98%,verifying its feasibility.The time-intensity interference distribution in the radio protection band is also obtained.Finally,we use comprehensive monitoring data of radio astronomy protection bands,radio interference bands,and interfered frequency bands to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for radio observatory sites,including the observable time proportion in the radio astronomy protection band,the occasional time-intensity distribution in the radio interference frequency band,and the intensity distribution of the interfered frequency band.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51976092)。
文摘High-temperature phase change materials(PCMs)have attracted significant attention in the field of thermal energy storage due to their ability to store and release large amounts of heat within a small temperature fluctuation range.However,their practical application is limited due to problems such as leakage,corrosion,and volume changes at high temperatures.Recent research has shown that macroencapsulation technology holds promise in addressing these issues.This paper focuses on the macroencapsulation technology of high-temperature PCMs,starting with a review of the classification and development history of high-temperature macroencapsulatd PCMs.Four major encapsulation strategies,including electroplating method,solid/liquid filling method,sacrificial material method,and powder compaction into sphere method,are then summarized.The methods for effectively addressing issues such as corrosion,leakage,supercooling,and phase separation in PCMs are analyzed,along with approaches for improving the heat transfer performance,mechanical strength,and thermal cycling stability of macrocapsules.Subsequently,the structure and packing arrangement optimization of macrocapsules in thermal storage systems is discussed in detail.Finally,after comparing the performance of various encapsulation strategies and summarizing existing issues,the current technical challenges,improvement methods,and future development directions are proposed.More attention should be given to utilizing AI technology and reinforcement learning to reveal the multiphysics-coupled heat and mass transfer mechanisms in macrocapsule applications,as well as to optimize material selection and encapsulation parameters,thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of thermal storage systems.
文摘BACKGROUND Fulminant lupus myocarditis is a rare but fatal manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus.Aggressive immunosuppressive treatments are important in its successful management.However,they can significantly damage the immunity and are associated with a considerable risk of infection development and spread.We present a rare and complicated case of a 20-year-old female diagnosed with fulminant lupus myocarditis accompanied by pneumonia.The patient was successfully treated with plasma exchange(PE)for fulminant lupus myocarditis.CASE SUMMARY A 20-year-old Chinese woman presented to the Hematology Department complaining of fatigue and knee pain.Blood test showed anemia and thrombocytopenia.On the second day of hospitalization,she was transferred to the ICU due to dyspnea and hypotension.Autoimmune profiles showed hypocomplementemia and positive antinuclear antibodies.Computer tomography showed an enlarged heart and pneumonia.Ultrasound revealed an enlarged heart with a low left ventricular ejection fraction.Fulminant lupus myocarditis with cardiogenic shock was initially considered.Due to the accompanying pneumonia,aggressive immunosuppression was contraindicated.Her cardiac function remained critical after the initial therapy of intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids at a conventional dose,but she responded well to later PE therapy plus corticosteroids administration.The patient fully recovered with normal cardiac function.CONCLUSION This case indicates that PE is a valuable treatment choice without adverse effects of immunosuppression in patients with fulminant lupus myocarditis and coexisting infection.
基金supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research NWO in the form of a VIDI grant(Grant No.VI.Vidi.198.008).
文摘Built-up land has increased rapidly in recent decades,thus aggravating the competition for land between multiple uses.The increase in urban land can be decomposed into changes in population and changes in built-up land per person.Yet,it is unclear how this decomposition differs by country and how this decomposition changes over time.Moreover,we don’t know whether these changes affect the inequality in built-up land per capita.Here,we analyze the global distribution of built-up land per capita in the year 2020,as well as the changes therein between 1985 and 2020.We find that built-up land per capita in 2020 differs by an order of magnitude between countries,ranging from 15 m^(2) per person in Ethiopia to 734 m^(2) per person in Australia.Moreover,we find a wide range of different change trajectories,including both increases and decreases in built-up land per capita and in total population.As the total area of urban land increased in all countries,decreases in urban land consumption reflect a situation where the population increases faster than the total amount of urban land.We also find a large inequality in urban land consumption across countries,as indicated by a Gini index of 0.47 in 1985,decreasing only slightly to 0.45 in 2020.These findings suggest the need for a regionally differentiated approach to reduce urban land take,focusing first on mitigating further increases in those countries that already have a high urban land consumption.
基金supported by Yuan Du Scholars,Clinical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University,No.2022WYFYLCYJ02Weifang Key Laboratory,Weifang Science and Technology Development Plan Project Medical Category,No.2022YX093.
文摘The cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the heart,liver,brain,and kidney,but its role and mechanisms in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury have not been systematically reviewed.Here,we outline the components of the cGAS–STING pathway and then analyze its role in autophagy,ferroptosis,cellular pyroptosis,disequilibrium of calcium homeostasis,inflammatory responses,disruption of the blood–brain barrier,microglia transformation,and complement system activation following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.We further analyze the value of cGAS–STING pathway inhibitors in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and conclude that the pathway can regulate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through multiple mechanisms.Inhibition of the cGAS–STING pathway may be helpful in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
基金support of the Key Science Research Project in Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province,China(No.2022AH050813)the Medical Special Cultivation Project of Anhui University of Science and Technology,China(No.YZ2023H2A002).
文摘Carbon-based foams with a three-dimensional structure can serve as a lightweight template for the rational design and control-lable preparation of metal oxide/carbon-based composite microwave absorption materials.In this study,a flake-like nickel cobaltate/re-duced graphene oxide/melamine-derived carbon foam(FNC/RGO/MDCF)was successfully fabricated through a combination of solvo-thermal treatment and high-temperature pyrolysis.Results indicated that RGO was evenly distributed in the MDCF skeleton,providing ef-fective support for the load growth of FNC on its surface.Sample S3,the FNC/RGO/MDCF composite prepared by solvothermal method for 16 h,exhibited a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of-66.44 dB at a thickness of 2.29 mm.When the thickness was reduced to 1.50 mm,the optimal effective absorption bandwidth was 3.84 GHz.Analysis of the absorption mechanism of FNC/RGO/MDCF revealed that its excellent absorption performance was primarily attributed to the combined effects of conduction loss,multiple reflection,scattering,in-terface polarization,and dipole polarization.
基金jointly supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42172056,41772052)。
文摘A-type rocks have drawn considerable attention in the past few decades due to their distinctive mineralogical and geochemical fingerprints and prospective utility for geodynamic reconstruction of the lithosphere.A comprehensive study,involving zircon U-Pb geochronology,wholerock elemental and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic geochemistry,was undertaken to elucidate the origin and evolutionary process for syenites from the Daguiping area in the North Daba mountains,South Qinling belt.The syenites revealed an Ordovician igneous crystallization age of 454.4±17 Ma,coeval with the neighboring mafic rocks.All samples show high SiO_(2),LREEs,and HFSEs(Nb,Ta,Zr and Hf)contents,with negative to slightly positive Eu(Eu/Eu^(*)=0.78-1.08)anomalies.The geochemical characteristics of the Daguiping syenites imply that they are of A_1-type magmatic affinity,which is confirmed by their high total alkali levels(8.57 wt.%-11.94 wt.%),Zr+Nb+Ce+Y contents(738.00 ppm-1734.78 ppm),and 10000×Ga/Al ratios(3.25-4.22),as well as low Y/Nb ratios(0.30-0.40).Our samples exhibit a wide range of initial^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of 0.701943 to 0.709802 and a narrow range of^(143)Nd/^(144)Nd ratios of 0.512205-0.512246 withε_(Nd)(t)values from+3.0 to+3.8.These rocks display(^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb)_(initial),(^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb)_(initial),and(^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb)_(initial)ratios range from 17.96 to 18.62,15.55 to 15.59,and 36.87 to 38.22,respectively.All of the isotopic data indicate that the syenites were essentially mantle-derived.A cogenetic source for the Daguiping syenites and coeval mafic rocks in the South Qinling belt is supported by their uniform Sr-Nd-Pb isotope data and linear major/trace elemental changes,with prolonged fractional crystallization considered as the essential mechanism for these geochemical discrepancies.Mass-balance and Rayleigh fractionation modeling estimate~85 vol%fractional crystallization involving amphibole,clinopyroxene,plagioclase,Kfeldspar,biotite,Fe-Ti oxide,and quartz,to reproduce the compositional varieties between a coeval mafic rock and the Daguiping syenites.The Daguiping syenites and associated alkaline rocks were likely related to a rifting episode triggered by asthenospheric upwelling,which led to the South Qinling detaching from the South China Block along the Mianlue suture during the Early Paleozoic.
基金Supported by Henan Province International Science and Technology Cooperation Project,2024,No.242102520054.
文摘The application of artificial intelligence(AI)in carotid atherosclerotic plaque detection via computed tomography angiography(CTA)has significantly ad-vanced over the past decade.This mini-review consolidates recent innovations in deep learning architectures,domain adaptation techniques,and automated pl-aque characterization methodologies.Hybrid models,such as residual U-Net-Pyramid Scene Parsing Network,exhibit a remarkable precision of 80.49%in plaque segmentation,outperforming radiologists in diagnostic efficiency by reducing analysis time from minutes to mere seconds.Domain-adaptive fra-meworks,such as Lesion Assessment through Tracklet Evaluation,demonstrate robust performance across heterogeneous imaging datasets,achieving an area under the curve(AUC)greater than 0.88.Furthermore,novel approaches inte-grating U-Net and Efficient-Net architectures,enhanced by Bayesian optimi-zation,have achieved impressive correlation coefficients(0.89)for plaque quanti-fication.AI-powered CTA also enables high-precision three-dimensional vascular segmentation,with a Dice coefficient of 0.9119,and offers superior cardiovascular risk stratification compared to traditional Agatston scoring,yielding AUC values of 0.816 vs 0.729 at a 15-year follow-up.These breakthroughs address key challenges in plaque motion analysis,with systolic retractive motion biomarkers successfully identifying 80%of vulnerable plaques.Looking ahead,future directions focus on enhancing the interpretability of AI models through explainable AI and leveraging federated learning to mitigate data heterogeneity.This mini-review underscores the transformative potential of AI in carotid plaque assessment,offering substantial implic-ations for stroke prevention and personalized cerebrovascular management strategies.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.52202253,ter for Microscopy and Analysis at the Nanjing University of Aero52372193,52472211,22293041)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220914)the Large Instrument and Equipment Sharing Fund of NUAA。
文摘A fatal issue of Zn-based electrochemical energy storage is uneven Zn^(2+)deposition on the Zn metal anode.Unfortunately,the modulation for the inherent electric field,the origin of driving force for ion diffusion,has been given insufficient importance.Herein,the redistribution of the surrounding electric field is demonstrated to depend on the permittivity of the surface medium for the first time,where highpermittivity particles can simultaneously enhance vertical components and reduce horizontal components of the electric field through polarization.Consequently,a bacterial cellulose-based separator is proposed by incorporating a high-permittivity surface medium.Cellulose serves as a robust substrate with a rather low thickness to enable homogeneous dispersion of high-permittivity particles on the surface,which can regulate the localized electric field to guide even Zn deposition by inhibiting twodimensional(2D)Zn^(2+)diffusion and suppressing side reactions by repulsing anion migration toward the Zn anode.The separator achieves significantly enhanced Zn anode stability of 2880 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)and a cumulative capacity of 3.5 Ah cm^(-2)at 10 mA cm^(-2).It also enables a long-term lifespan of 50,000 cycles in Zn||AC capacitor and 1000 cycles at a limited negative/positive(N/P)ratio of 3:1.This work provides a new view to stabilize Zn anode by electric field modulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81974425)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20211578 and BK20210419)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(No.2021M693513)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX22-0794)。
文摘Oroxylin A(OA),a natural compound extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis,demonstrates preventive potential against ultraviolet B(UVB)-induced non-melanoma skin cancer(NMSC),the most prevalent cancer worldwide with increasing incidence.Utilizing SKH-1 hairless mice exposed to UVB,this study showed that OA delayed NMSC onset and alleviated acute skin damage.Mechanistic investigations revealed its dual action:inhibiting inflammation and enhancing nucleotide excision repair(NER)by stabilizing XPA,a crucial deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)repair protein.This stabilization occurred through OA's interaction with glucose-regulated protein 94(GRP94),which disrupted murine double minute 2(MDM2)-mediated XPA ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.By maintaining XPA levels,OA expedited photoproduct clearance and diminished genomic instability,ultimately impeding NMSC development.These findings suggest OA as a promising chemopreventive agent targeting the GRP94/MDM2-XPA axis to counteract UVB-induced carcinogenesis.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3708302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22188102 and 22306041)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(No.YSBR-086)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M733679).
文摘Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(Fe_(x)O_(y) NPs,mainly Fe3O4 andγ-Fe2O_(3))are nanomaterials ubiquitously present in aquatic,terrestrial,and atmospheric environments,with a high prevalence and complex sources.Over the past decade,numerous reports have emerged on the presence of exogenous particles in human body,facilitated by the rapid development of separation and detection methods.The health risk associated with magnetic Fe_(x)O_(y) NP have garnered escalating attention due to their presence in human blood and brain tissues,especially for their potential association with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive overview of sources,analysis methods,environmental impacts,and health risks of magnetic Fe_(x)O_(y) NP.Currently,most researches are primarily based on engineered Fe_(x)O_(y) NP,while reports aboutmagnetic Fe_(x)O_(y) NP existing in real-world environments are still limited,especially for their occurrence levels in various environmental matrices,environmental transformation behavior,and biotoxic effects.Our study reviews this emerging pollutant,providing insights to address current research deficiencies and chart the course for future studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22222610,22376202,and 22193051)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750100)+1 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences Project for Young in Basic Research(No.YSBR-086)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFF0614200 and 2023YFC3708301)。
文摘Accurately distinguishing between the endogenous formation and exogenous exposure of Fe-bearing particles(e.g.,magnetic Fe particles)within biological organisms is the prerequisite for scientifically evaluating their health risks.However,this remains a challenging task due to lacking the comprehensive understanding of the endogenous formation process of Fe-bearing particles.Here,we report the formation dynamics of Fe-bearing particles under conditions closely resembling actual physiological conditions,and compare the morphological and structural differences between endogenous and exogenous Fe-bearing particles.We find that Fe-bearing particles can indeed form under physiological conditions at 37℃.In this process,phosphate plays a crucial role in the oxidation and mineralization of iron ions.Moreover,endogenously formed Fe-bearing particles typically have a diameter of less than8 nm,and iron is the only metal element present.Therefore,we propose that Fe-bearing particles found in the body with a diameter larger than 8 nm are mainly derived from exogenous exposure.For Fe-bearing particles smaller than 8 nm,it is necessary to combine associated elements and crystal structure characteristics to distinguish between endogenous and exogenous sources.This study provides direct evidence from endogenous metabolism for tracing Fe-bearing particles,especially magnetic iron particles,within the human body.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.52202253,52072173)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20220914)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.ILA22061,ILA22075)Large Instrument and Equipment Sharing Fund of NUAA.
文摘Intuitively,the solvation structure featuring stronger interacted sheath in deep eutectic solution(DES)electrolyte would result in sluggish interfacial charge transfer and intense polarization,which obstructs its practical application in emerging Zn based batteries.Unexpectedly,here we discover a Zn‖organic battery with exceptional kinetics properties enabled by a hydrated DES electrolyte,which can render higher discharge capacity,smaller voltage polarization,and faster kinetics of charge transfer in comparison with conventional aqueous 3 M ZnCl_(2)electrolyte,though its viscosity is two orders of magnitude higher than the latter.The improved kinetics of charge transfer and ion diffusion is demonstrated to originate from the local electron structure regulation of cathode in hydrated DES electrolyte.Furthermore,the DES electrolyte has also been shown to restrict parasitic reaction associated with active water by preferential urea-molecular adsorption on Zn surface and stronger water trapping in solvation structure,giving rise to long-term stable dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping.This work provides a new rationale for understanding electrochemical behaviors of organic cathodes in DES electrolyte,which is conducive to the development of high-performance Zn‖organic batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2267205 and 12475124)a ZSTU intramural grant(22062267-Y)Excellent Graduate Thesis Cultivation Fund(LW-YP2024011).
文摘Nuclear mass is an important property in both nuclear and astrophysics.In this study,we explore an improved mass model that incorporates a higher-order term of symmetry energy using algorithms.The sequential least squares programming(SLSQP)algorithm augments the precision of this multinomial mass model by reducing the error from 1.863 MeV to 1.631 MeV.These algorithms were further examined using 200 sample mass formulae derived from theδE term of the E_(isospin) mass model.The SLSQP method exhibited superior performance compared to the other algorithms in terms of errors and convergence speed.This algorithm is advantageous for handling large-scale multiparameter optimization tasks in nuclear physics.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology SKA Special Project(2020SKA0110202)the Special Project on Building a Science and Technology Innovation Center for South and Southeast Asia-International Joint Innovation Platform in Yunnan Province:“Yunnan Sino-Malaysian International Joint Laboratory of HF-VHF Advanced Radio Astronomy Technology”(202303AP140003)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Joint Fund for Astronomy(JFA)incubator program(U2031133)the International Partnership Program Project of the International Cooperation Bureau of the Chinese Academy of Sciences:“Belt and Road”Cooperation(114A11KYSB20200001)the Kunming Foreign(International)Cooperation Base Program:“Yunnan Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences-University of Malaya Joint R&D Cooperation Base for Advanced Radio Astronomy Technology”(GHJD-2021022)the China-Malaysia Collaborative Research on Space Remote Sensing and Radio Astronomy Observation of Space Weather at Low and Middle Latitudes under the Key Special Project of the State Key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technol ogy for International Cooperation in Science,Technology and Innovation among Governments(2022YFE0140000)the High-precision calibration method for low-frequency radio interferometric arrays for the SKA project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(2020SKA0110300).
文摘Radio environment plays an important role in radio astronomy observations.Further analysis is needed on the time and intensity distributions of interference signals for long-term radio environment monitoring.Sample variance is an important estimate of the interference signal decision threshold.Here,we propose an improved algorithm for calculating data sample variance relying on four established statistical methods:the variance of the trimmed data,winsorized sample variance,median absolute deviation,and median of the trimmed data pairwise averaged squares method.The variance and decision threshold in the protected section of the radio astronomy L-band are calculated.Among the four methods,the improved median of the trimmed data pairwise averaged squares algorithm has higher accuracy,but in a comparison of overall experimental results,the cleanliness rate of all algorithms is above 96%.In a comparison between the improved algorithm and the four methods,the cleanliness rate of the improved algorithm is above 98%,verifying its feasibility.The time-intensity interference distribution in the radio protection band is also obtained.Finally,we use comprehensive monitoring data of radio astronomy protection bands,radio interference bands,and interfered frequency bands to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for radio observatory sites,including the observable time proportion in the radio astronomy protection band,the occasional time-intensity distribution in the radio interference frequency band,and the intensity distribution of the interfered frequency band.
