The hypoxic nature of tumours limits the efficiency of oxygen-dependent photodynamic therapy(PDT).Hence,in this study,indocyanine green(ICG)-loaded lipid-coated zinc peroxide(ZnO_(2))nanoparticles(ZnO_(2)@Lip-ICG)was ...The hypoxic nature of tumours limits the efficiency of oxygen-dependent photodynamic therapy(PDT).Hence,in this study,indocyanine green(ICG)-loaded lipid-coated zinc peroxide(ZnO_(2))nanoparticles(ZnO_(2)@Lip-ICG)was constructed to realize tumour microenvironment(TME)-responsive self-oxygen supply.Near infrared light irradiation(808 nm),the lipid outer layer of ICG acquires sufficient energy to produce heat,thereby elevating the localised temperature,which results in accelerated ZnO_(2)release and apoptosis of tumour cells.The ZnO_(2)rapidly generates O_(2)in the TME(pH 6.5),which alleviates tumour hypoxia and then enhances the PDT effect of ICG.These results demonstrate that ZnO_(2)@Lip-ICG NPs display good oxygen self-supported properties and outstanding PDT/PTT characteristics,and thus,achieve good tumour proliferation suppression.展开更多
As one critical source of water for maintaining ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions, rainfall replenishment to soil water can determine vegetation growth and ecosystem functions. However, the limited rainfall res...As one critical source of water for maintaining ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions, rainfall replenishment to soil water can determine vegetation growth and ecosystem functions. However, the limited rainfall resources were often not used effectively in the semi-arid loess hilly areas due to random temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and specific vegetation features. Thus, it is highly significant to determine the threshold and efficiency of rainfall replenishment to soil water under different vegetation types. The threshold and efficiency can offer scientific evidence for rehabilitating vegetation and improving efficiency of using rainfall resources. In this study, the efficiency and threshold of rainfall replenishment to soil water were determined under natural grassland, wheat, artificial grassland, sea buckthorn shrubland and Chinese pine forestland based on consecutive measurements. The results indicated that the lag-time, rate, efficiency of rainfall replenishment to soil water were closely related to vegetation type, with significant differences existing among different vegetation types. The lag-time for natural grassland in the soil horizon of 20 cm was the shortest one （26.4 h）, followed by wheat （27.8 h）, sea buckthorn （41.8 h）, artificial grassland （50.0 h） and Chinese pine （81.8 h）.The value of replenishment rate, followed the order of wheat （0.40 mm h-l）〉 natural grassland （0.30 mm h-~）〉 sea buckthorn （0.17 mm h-t）〉 artificial grassland （0.14 mm h-l）〉 Chinese pine （0.09 mm fit）. As for the efficiency of rainfall replenishment to soil water, natural grassland was the most efficient one （35.1%）, followed by wheat （29.2%）, sea buckthorn （16.8%）, artificial grassland （11.5%）, Chinese pine （4.2%）. At last, it was found that wheat had the lowest threshold （6.8 mm） of rainfall replenishment to soil water, which was followed by natural grassland （10.5 mm）, sea buckthorn （20.5 mm）, artificial grassland （22.6 mm） and Chinese pine （26.4 mm）. These results implied that soil water in natural grassland was sensitive to rainfall and easily to be replenished, while soil water in Chinese pine was harder to be replenished by rainfall compared to other vegetation types.展开更多
Maintaining drinking water security is a global issue,and phosphorus is a limiting factor affecting drinking water quality.Hence,this study took Fushi Reservoir as a test area,and set up field runoff observation plots...Maintaining drinking water security is a global issue,and phosphorus is a limiting factor affecting drinking water quality.Hence,this study took Fushi Reservoir as a test area,and set up field runoff observation plots around the reservoir catchment,which is covered by moso bamboo stands.Through field observation,the vertical variation of phosphorus loss in different stands of moso bamboo was initially studied.The results showed that:(1)For the vertical dimensions(atmospheric rainfall,stemflow,throughfall,surface runoff)from high to low,the loss of total phosphorus(TP)increased,and the pro-portion of dissolved phosphorus increased from 29.29%(atmospheric rainfall)to 62.76%(surface runoff).(2)Different rainfall factors had various impacts on phosphorus loss at the different vertical levels.The accumulation of rainfall had the greatest impact on surface runoff TP loss,with the correlation coefficient reaching 0.994(P<0.01),while surface runoff particulate phosphorus loss was mostly affected by the average rainfall intensity.(3)Modifying the forest structure in water source areas can reduce the loss of TP via stemflow and throughfall,but the effect on surface runoff TP loss is variable.Thus,it is expected that this novel study can serve as a reference for improving the environmental quality of water source areas,and help in reducing phosphorus loss and controlling non-point source pollution.展开更多
Tumor microenvironment(TME),as the“soil”of tumor growth and metastasis,exhibits significant differences from normal physiological conditions.However,how to manipulate the distinctions to achieve the accurate therapy...Tumor microenvironment(TME),as the“soil”of tumor growth and metastasis,exhibits significant differences from normal physiological conditions.However,how to manipulate the distinctions to achieve the accurate therapy of primary and metastatic tumors is still a challenge.Herein,an innovative nanoreactor(AH@MBTF)is developed to utilize the apparent differences(copper concentration and H_(2)O_(2)level)between tumor cells and normal cells to eliminate primary tumor based on H_(2)O_(2)-dependent photothermal-chemodynamic therapy and suppress metastatic tumor through copper complexation.This nanoreactor is constructed using functionalized MSN incorporating benzoyl thiourea(BTU),triphenylphosphine(TPP),and folic acid(FA),while being co-loaded with horseradish peroxidase(HRP)and its substrate ABTS.During therapy,the BTU moieties on AH@MBTF could capture excessive copper(highly correlated with tumor metastasis),presenting exceptional anti-metastasis activity.Simultaneously,the complexation between BTU and copper triggers the formation of cuprous ions,which further react with H_(2)O_(2)to generate cytotoxic hydroxyl radical(•OH),inhibiting tumor growth via che-modynamic therapy.Additionally,the stepwise targeting of FA and TPP guides AH@MBTF to accurately accu-mulate in tumor mitochondria,containing abnormally high levels of H_(2)O_(2).As a catalyst,HRP mediates the oxidation reaction between ABTS and H_(2)O_(2)to yield activated ABTS•^(+).Upon 808 nm laser irradiation,the activated ABTS•^(+)performs tumor-specific photothermal therapy,achieving the ablation of primary tumor by raising the tissue temperature.Collectively,this intelligent nanoreactor possesses profound potential in inhib-iting tumor progression and metastasis.展开更多
Calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))is a main component in marine sediment,and sedimentary CaCO_(3) weight percentages(wtCaCO_(3)%)in the global ocean have been extensively measured since the early last century.The tremendous ...Calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))is a main component in marine sediment,and sedimentary CaCO_(3) weight percentages(wtCaCO_(3)%)in the global ocean have been extensively measured since the early last century.The tremendous database produced has been utilized in oceanographic research to constrain oceanic carbon cycles and to dictate past changes in deep ocean circulation.Inaccurate records in terms of sediment core coordinates,elevation,and wtCaCO_(3)%data have been introduced in the past few decades,especially during compilation practice,rendering them less effective during the reuse of the data.Therefore,we thoroughly scrutinized published wtCaCO_(3)%data and their geographical information and corrected 570 erroneous data points.These corrections help to establish a better basin-wide distribution pattern of sedimentary CaCO_(3) with ocean depth,which would eventually contribute to a more valid estimate of the standing stock of erodible CaCO_(3) in the global ocean.An accurate carbonate dataset could also facilitate applications of wtCaCO_(3)%in paleoceanography and predictions of the buffering capacity of CaCO_(3) to ocean acidification.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81771002, 82071057 and 82000988)
文摘The hypoxic nature of tumours limits the efficiency of oxygen-dependent photodynamic therapy(PDT).Hence,in this study,indocyanine green(ICG)-loaded lipid-coated zinc peroxide(ZnO_(2))nanoparticles(ZnO_(2)@Lip-ICG)was constructed to realize tumour microenvironment(TME)-responsive self-oxygen supply.Near infrared light irradiation(808 nm),the lipid outer layer of ICG acquires sufficient energy to produce heat,thereby elevating the localised temperature,which results in accelerated ZnO_(2)release and apoptosis of tumour cells.The ZnO_(2)rapidly generates O_(2)in the TME(pH 6.5),which alleviates tumour hypoxia and then enhances the PDT effect of ICG.These results demonstrate that ZnO_(2)@Lip-ICG NPs display good oxygen self-supported properties and outstanding PDT/PTT characteristics,and thus,achieve good tumour proliferation suppression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41401209)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0501701)
文摘As one critical source of water for maintaining ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions, rainfall replenishment to soil water can determine vegetation growth and ecosystem functions. However, the limited rainfall resources were often not used effectively in the semi-arid loess hilly areas due to random temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and specific vegetation features. Thus, it is highly significant to determine the threshold and efficiency of rainfall replenishment to soil water under different vegetation types. The threshold and efficiency can offer scientific evidence for rehabilitating vegetation and improving efficiency of using rainfall resources. In this study, the efficiency and threshold of rainfall replenishment to soil water were determined under natural grassland, wheat, artificial grassland, sea buckthorn shrubland and Chinese pine forestland based on consecutive measurements. The results indicated that the lag-time, rate, efficiency of rainfall replenishment to soil water were closely related to vegetation type, with significant differences existing among different vegetation types. The lag-time for natural grassland in the soil horizon of 20 cm was the shortest one （26.4 h）, followed by wheat （27.8 h）, sea buckthorn （41.8 h）, artificial grassland （50.0 h） and Chinese pine （81.8 h）.The value of replenishment rate, followed the order of wheat （0.40 mm h-l）〉 natural grassland （0.30 mm h-~）〉 sea buckthorn （0.17 mm h-t）〉 artificial grassland （0.14 mm h-l）〉 Chinese pine （0.09 mm fit）. As for the efficiency of rainfall replenishment to soil water, natural grassland was the most efficient one （35.1%）, followed by wheat （29.2%）, sea buckthorn （16.8%）, artificial grassland （11.5%）, Chinese pine （4.2%）. At last, it was found that wheat had the lowest threshold （6.8 mm） of rainfall replenishment to soil water, which was followed by natural grassland （10.5 mm）, sea buckthorn （20.5 mm）, artificial grassland （22.6 mm） and Chinese pine （26.4 mm）. These results implied that soil water in natural grassland was sensitive to rainfall and easily to be replenished, while soil water in Chinese pine was harder to be replenished by rainfall compared to other vegetation types.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Institutes(No.CAFYBB2019SY014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,(No.41807151)the Special Fund for Cooperation of Zhejiang Province and the Chinese Academy of Forestry(2021SY12).
文摘Maintaining drinking water security is a global issue,and phosphorus is a limiting factor affecting drinking water quality.Hence,this study took Fushi Reservoir as a test area,and set up field runoff observation plots around the reservoir catchment,which is covered by moso bamboo stands.Through field observation,the vertical variation of phosphorus loss in different stands of moso bamboo was initially studied.The results showed that:(1)For the vertical dimensions(atmospheric rainfall,stemflow,throughfall,surface runoff)from high to low,the loss of total phosphorus(TP)increased,and the pro-portion of dissolved phosphorus increased from 29.29%(atmospheric rainfall)to 62.76%(surface runoff).(2)Different rainfall factors had various impacts on phosphorus loss at the different vertical levels.The accumulation of rainfall had the greatest impact on surface runoff TP loss,with the correlation coefficient reaching 0.994(P<0.01),while surface runoff particulate phosphorus loss was mostly affected by the average rainfall intensity.(3)Modifying the forest structure in water source areas can reduce the loss of TP via stemflow and throughfall,but the effect on surface runoff TP loss is variable.Thus,it is expected that this novel study can serve as a reference for improving the environmental quality of water source areas,and help in reducing phosphorus loss and controlling non-point source pollution.
基金supported by the National High Level Talents Special Support Plan(X.C.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272141 to X.C.)+4 种基金the“Young Talent Support Plan”of Xi’an Jiaotong University(X.C.)the Shaanxi Innovative Research Team of Science and Technology(S2023-ZC-TD-0152)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2022JZ-48 to X.C.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2509104 to X.C.)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2023M732812 to T.L.).
文摘Tumor microenvironment(TME),as the“soil”of tumor growth and metastasis,exhibits significant differences from normal physiological conditions.However,how to manipulate the distinctions to achieve the accurate therapy of primary and metastatic tumors is still a challenge.Herein,an innovative nanoreactor(AH@MBTF)is developed to utilize the apparent differences(copper concentration and H_(2)O_(2)level)between tumor cells and normal cells to eliminate primary tumor based on H_(2)O_(2)-dependent photothermal-chemodynamic therapy and suppress metastatic tumor through copper complexation.This nanoreactor is constructed using functionalized MSN incorporating benzoyl thiourea(BTU),triphenylphosphine(TPP),and folic acid(FA),while being co-loaded with horseradish peroxidase(HRP)and its substrate ABTS.During therapy,the BTU moieties on AH@MBTF could capture excessive copper(highly correlated with tumor metastasis),presenting exceptional anti-metastasis activity.Simultaneously,the complexation between BTU and copper triggers the formation of cuprous ions,which further react with H_(2)O_(2)to generate cytotoxic hydroxyl radical(•OH),inhibiting tumor growth via che-modynamic therapy.Additionally,the stepwise targeting of FA and TPP guides AH@MBTF to accurately accu-mulate in tumor mitochondria,containing abnormally high levels of H_(2)O_(2).As a catalyst,HRP mediates the oxidation reaction between ABTS and H_(2)O_(2)to yield activated ABTS•^(+).Upon 808 nm laser irradiation,the activated ABTS•^(+)performs tumor-specific photothermal therapy,achieving the ablation of primary tumor by raising the tissue temperature.Collectively,this intelligent nanoreactor possesses profound potential in inhib-iting tumor progression and metastasis.
基金supported by the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(no.SML2021SP306)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.41976031 and 41976192)+6 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFE0114800)the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(no.311020005)support from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2021A1515011395)the Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry,MNR China(GCMAC1904).Y.L.acknowledges support from the State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology,Tongji University(no.MG201908)a grant from the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences,MNR(KLSG1904)the Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry,MNR(GCMAC1803).
文摘Calcium carbonate(CaCO_(3))is a main component in marine sediment,and sedimentary CaCO_(3) weight percentages(wtCaCO_(3)%)in the global ocean have been extensively measured since the early last century.The tremendous database produced has been utilized in oceanographic research to constrain oceanic carbon cycles and to dictate past changes in deep ocean circulation.Inaccurate records in terms of sediment core coordinates,elevation,and wtCaCO_(3)%data have been introduced in the past few decades,especially during compilation practice,rendering them less effective during the reuse of the data.Therefore,we thoroughly scrutinized published wtCaCO_(3)%data and their geographical information and corrected 570 erroneous data points.These corrections help to establish a better basin-wide distribution pattern of sedimentary CaCO_(3) with ocean depth,which would eventually contribute to a more valid estimate of the standing stock of erodible CaCO_(3) in the global ocean.An accurate carbonate dataset could also facilitate applications of wtCaCO_(3)%in paleoceanography and predictions of the buffering capacity of CaCO_(3) to ocean acidification.
