1.Introduction While the applications of computer visions are varied in construction,research has tended to focus on measuring the accuracy of object detectors such as faster region-based-convolution neural networks(F...1.Introduction While the applications of computer visions are varied in construction,research has tended to focus on measuring the accuracy of object detectors such as faster region-based-convolution neural networks(Faster R-CNN)and single shot detector algorithms(SDD)[1].Limited,if any,attention has focused on determining the benefits of such technology in construction beyond the claims that it can help detect problems quickly and accurately.Reinforcing this point are the numerous review papers that have frequented the literature[2,3].展开更多
Location:Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China Client:Hu Hang Railway Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou West Railway Station Hub Development Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai Railway Bureau,Hangzhou Metro Group Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou Shangtiexi Railway Station Hub Rea...Location:Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China Client:Hu Hang Railway Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou West Railway Station Hub Development Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai Railway Bureau,Hangzhou Metro Group Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou Shangtiexi Railway Station Hub Real Estate Development Co.,Ltd.展开更多
Lack of trust has been an ongoing issue for decades in construction quality management,hindering the improvement of quality performance.The development of mutual trust depends on immutable,traceable,and transparent co...Lack of trust has been an ongoing issue for decades in construction quality management,hindering the improvement of quality performance.The development of mutual trust depends on immutable,traceable,and transparent construction quality information records.However,current information technologies cannot meet the requirements.To address the challenge,this study explores a blockchain-based framework for construction quality information management,which extends applications of blockchain in the domain of construction quality management.A consortium blockchain system is designed to support construction quality management in which participants’information permissions and lifecycle are discussed.Additionally,this study presents in detail the consensus process that aims to address the problem of information fraud.The automated compliance checking based on smart contracts is presented as well,aiming to assure that construction products meet regulation requirements.Finally,an example of the consortium blockchain network is visualized to validate the feasibility of blockchain-based construction quality information management.The research shows that blockchain can facilitate mutual trust in construction quality management by providing distributed,encrypted,and secure information records and supporting automated compliance checking of construction quality.展开更多
Buildings are known to significantly affect the global carbon emissions throughout their life cycle. To mitigate carbon emissions, investigation of the current performance of buildings with regard to energy consumptio...Buildings are known to significantly affect the global carbon emissions throughout their life cycle. To mitigate carbon emissions, investigation of the current performance of buildings with regard to energy consumption and carbon emissions is necessary. This paper presents a process-based life cycle assessment methodology for assessing carbon emissions of buildings, using a multistorey reinforced concrete building in a Sri Lankan university as a case study. The entire cradle-to-grave building life cycle was assessed and the life span of the building was assumed as 50 years. The results provide evidence of the significance of operation and material production stages, which contributed to the total carbon emissions by 63.22% and 31.59% respectively. Between them, the main structural materials, concrete and reinforcement steel made up 61.91% of the total carbon emitted at the material production stage. The life cycle carbon emissions of the building were found to be 31.81 kg·m^(–2) CO_2 per year, which is comparable with the values obtained in similar studies found in the literature. In minimizing the life cycle carbon emissions, the importance of identifying control measures for both building operation and material production at the early design stage were emphasized. Although the other life cycle stages only contributed to about 5.19% of the life cycle carbon emissions, they should also receive attention when formulating control strategies. Some of the recommended strategies are introducing energy efficiency measures in building design and operation, using renewable energy for building operation and manufacturing of materials,identifying designs that can save mass material quantities,using alternative materials that are locally available in Sri Lanka and implementing material reuse and recycling.This study is one of the first to undertake a life cycle carbon emissions assessment for a building in the Sri Lankan context, with the hope of facilitating environmentallyfriendly buildings and promoting sustainable construction practices in the country.展开更多
The current physical pre-assembly method of large steel structures is time consuming and costly and requires large sites. Thus, the pre-assembly of large steel structures in a virtual way, starting from building infor...The current physical pre-assembly method of large steel structures is time consuming and costly and requires large sites. Thus, the pre-assembly of large steel structures in a virtual way, starting from building information modeling (BIM), is an interesting alternative to the physical one. In this study, an innovative method for virtual pre-assembly is proposed on the basis of BIM, plane-line-point algorithm, and 3D measurement. This method determines the optimal analytical least squares of the various built components. The technique verifies the feasibility of the steel structure assembly and the fulfillment of the design geometries, starting from the real data obtained by an accurate metric survey of the fabricated steel elements. The method is applied to a real case, and obtained results largely satisfy the prefixed research objectives. Suggestions to improve the proposed method are also discussed.展开更多
In Ethiopian construction projects, schedule delay risk is a predominant issue because it is not properly addressed. Although several studies have been focused on the various effects of risk in construction projects, ...In Ethiopian construction projects, schedule delay risk is a predominant issue because it is not properly addressed. Although several studies have been focused on the various effects of risk in construction projects, limited efforts have been made to investigate the typical and the overall schedule delay risk. In this study, our aim is to detect the typical and overall schedule delay risk throughout the construction project lifecycle, which consists of the pre-construction, construction, and post-construction stages, and compare the stages with each other. Common criteria, sub-criteria, and attributes were developed for all alternatives for the purpose of making a risk decision. The methodology that was followed integrated the multiplecriteria decision-making(MCDM) model of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process comprehensive evaluation(FAHPCE)and the relative important index(RII). Data were collected from 77 participants, who were selected through purposive sampling from different contracting organizations in Ethiopian construction projects by means of questionnaires that were distributed to experienced experts. The findings showed that there is a typical delay risk either in the type or in the level of the different construction activities.Consequently, the most influenced alternative is the construction stage because of the high-risk responsibility,resource, and contract condition related criteria. The postconstruction stage was the second most influenced stage because of the high-risk responsibility-related criteria. The pre-constructed stage was the least influenced stage that consist high-risk criteria of responsibility, resource, and contract condition related. These differences provided noteworthy information about risk mitigation in construction projects by identifying the exact risk level on specific activity to make appropriate decision.展开更多
Physiological computing uses human physiological data as system inputs in real time.It includes,or significantly overlaps with,brain-computer interfaces,affective computing,adaptive automation,health informatics,and p...Physiological computing uses human physiological data as system inputs in real time.It includes,or significantly overlaps with,brain-computer interfaces,affective computing,adaptive automation,health informatics,and physiological signal based biometrics.Physiological computing increases the communication bandwidth from the user to the computer,but is also subject to various types of adversarial attacks,in which the attacker deliberately manipulates the training and/or test examples to hijack the machine learning algorithm output,leading to possible user confusion,frustration,injury,or even death.However,the vulnerability of physiological computing systems has not been paid enough attention to,and there does not exist a comprehensive review on adversarial attacks to them.This study fills this gap,by providing a systematic review on the main research areas of physiological computing,different types of adversarial attacks and their applications to physiological computing,and the corresponding defense strategies.We hope this review will attract more research interests on the vulnerability of physiological computing systems,and more importantly,defense strategies to make them more secure.展开更多
On-site maintenance(ONSM) is critical to ensuring the safety of equipment in the petrochemical industry. However, many accidents occur during ONSM processes because of unstable equipment, complicated work environment,...On-site maintenance(ONSM) is critical to ensuring the safety of equipment in the petrochemical industry. However, many accidents occur during ONSM processes because of unstable equipment, complicated work environment, and human error. To reduce congestion and exposure to hazards during on-site operations and thereby reduce the probability of accidents, off-site maintenance(OFSM) is proposed based on Energy Release Theory(ERT). The information requirements for OFSM are analyzed. A support system for OFSM, which makes use of visualization, information management, and localization capabilities, is developed. A case study utilizing OFSM and its support system for an oil-loading facility of a petrochemical company is conducted. The application results indicated that implementation of OFSM system can significantly reduce the operation risks and can improve the operation efficiency.展开更多
"Systems thinking is a discipline for seeing wholes.It is a framework for seeing interrelationships rather than things,for seeing patterns of change,rather than static snapshots"(Peter Senge).Investment in i..."Systems thinking is a discipline for seeing wholes.It is a framework for seeing interrelationships rather than things,for seeing patterns of change,rather than static snapshots"(Peter Senge).Investment in infrastructure is required to meet the growing needs of an increasing population,as well as to sustain a competitive advantage in the global marketplace.For an economy to position itself to capitalize on growth and increased investment due to a burgeoning population and increasing international demand for goods and services.展开更多
基金financial support of the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftungthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20151)。
文摘1.Introduction While the applications of computer visions are varied in construction,research has tended to focus on measuring the accuracy of object detectors such as faster region-based-convolution neural networks(Faster R-CNN)and single shot detector algorithms(SDD)[1].Limited,if any,attention has focused on determining the benefits of such technology in construction beyond the claims that it can help detect problems quickly and accurately.Reinforcing this point are the numerous review papers that have frequented the literature[2,3].
文摘Location:Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China Client:Hu Hang Railway Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou West Railway Station Hub Development Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai Railway Bureau,Hangzhou Metro Group Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou Shangtiexi Railway Station Hub Real Estate Development Co.,Ltd.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71732001,51878311,and 51978302).
文摘Lack of trust has been an ongoing issue for decades in construction quality management,hindering the improvement of quality performance.The development of mutual trust depends on immutable,traceable,and transparent construction quality information records.However,current information technologies cannot meet the requirements.To address the challenge,this study explores a blockchain-based framework for construction quality information management,which extends applications of blockchain in the domain of construction quality management.A consortium blockchain system is designed to support construction quality management in which participants’information permissions and lifecycle are discussed.Additionally,this study presents in detail the consensus process that aims to address the problem of information fraud.The automated compliance checking based on smart contracts is presented as well,aiming to assure that construction products meet regulation requirements.Finally,an example of the consortium blockchain network is visualized to validate the feasibility of blockchain-based construction quality information management.The research shows that blockchain can facilitate mutual trust in construction quality management by providing distributed,encrypted,and secure information records and supporting automated compliance checking of construction quality.
文摘Buildings are known to significantly affect the global carbon emissions throughout their life cycle. To mitigate carbon emissions, investigation of the current performance of buildings with regard to energy consumption and carbon emissions is necessary. This paper presents a process-based life cycle assessment methodology for assessing carbon emissions of buildings, using a multistorey reinforced concrete building in a Sri Lankan university as a case study. The entire cradle-to-grave building life cycle was assessed and the life span of the building was assumed as 50 years. The results provide evidence of the significance of operation and material production stages, which contributed to the total carbon emissions by 63.22% and 31.59% respectively. Between them, the main structural materials, concrete and reinforcement steel made up 61.91% of the total carbon emitted at the material production stage. The life cycle carbon emissions of the building were found to be 31.81 kg·m^(–2) CO_2 per year, which is comparable with the values obtained in similar studies found in the literature. In minimizing the life cycle carbon emissions, the importance of identifying control measures for both building operation and material production at the early design stage were emphasized. Although the other life cycle stages only contributed to about 5.19% of the life cycle carbon emissions, they should also receive attention when formulating control strategies. Some of the recommended strategies are introducing energy efficiency measures in building design and operation, using renewable energy for building operation and manufacturing of materials,identifying designs that can save mass material quantities,using alternative materials that are locally available in Sri Lanka and implementing material reuse and recycling.This study is one of the first to undertake a life cycle carbon emissions assessment for a building in the Sri Lankan context, with the hope of facilitating environmentallyfriendly buildings and promoting sustainable construction practices in the country.
文摘The current physical pre-assembly method of large steel structures is time consuming and costly and requires large sites. Thus, the pre-assembly of large steel structures in a virtual way, starting from building information modeling (BIM), is an interesting alternative to the physical one. In this study, an innovative method for virtual pre-assembly is proposed on the basis of BIM, plane-line-point algorithm, and 3D measurement. This method determines the optimal analytical least squares of the various built components. The technique verifies the feasibility of the steel structure assembly and the fulfillment of the design geometries, starting from the real data obtained by an accurate metric survey of the fabricated steel elements. The method is applied to a real case, and obtained results largely satisfy the prefixed research objectives. Suggestions to improve the proposed method are also discussed.
文摘In Ethiopian construction projects, schedule delay risk is a predominant issue because it is not properly addressed. Although several studies have been focused on the various effects of risk in construction projects, limited efforts have been made to investigate the typical and the overall schedule delay risk. In this study, our aim is to detect the typical and overall schedule delay risk throughout the construction project lifecycle, which consists of the pre-construction, construction, and post-construction stages, and compare the stages with each other. Common criteria, sub-criteria, and attributes were developed for all alternatives for the purpose of making a risk decision. The methodology that was followed integrated the multiplecriteria decision-making(MCDM) model of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process comprehensive evaluation(FAHPCE)and the relative important index(RII). Data were collected from 77 participants, who were selected through purposive sampling from different contracting organizations in Ethiopian construction projects by means of questionnaires that were distributed to experienced experts. The findings showed that there is a typical delay risk either in the type or in the level of the different construction activities.Consequently, the most influenced alternative is the construction stage because of the high-risk responsibility,resource, and contract condition related criteria. The postconstruction stage was the second most influenced stage because of the high-risk responsibility-related criteria. The pre-constructed stage was the least influenced stage that consist high-risk criteria of responsibility, resource, and contract condition related. These differences provided noteworthy information about risk mitigation in construction projects by identifying the exact risk level on specific activity to make appropriate decision.
基金supported by the Open Research Projects of Zhejiang Lab(2021KE0AB04)the Technology Innovation Project of Hubei Province of China(2019AEA171)+1 种基金the National Social Science Foundation of China(19ZDA104 and 20AZD089)the Independent Innovation Research Fund of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(2020WKZDJC004).Author contributions。
文摘Physiological computing uses human physiological data as system inputs in real time.It includes,or significantly overlaps with,brain-computer interfaces,affective computing,adaptive automation,health informatics,and physiological signal based biometrics.Physiological computing increases the communication bandwidth from the user to the computer,but is also subject to various types of adversarial attacks,in which the attacker deliberately manipulates the training and/or test examples to hijack the machine learning algorithm output,leading to possible user confusion,frustration,injury,or even death.However,the vulnerability of physiological computing systems has not been paid enough attention to,and there does not exist a comprehensive review on adversarial attacks to them.This study fills this gap,by providing a systematic review on the main research areas of physiological computing,different types of adversarial attacks and their applications to physiological computing,and the corresponding defense strategies.We hope this review will attract more research interests on the vulnerability of physiological computing systems,and more importantly,defense strategies to make them more secure.
文摘On-site maintenance(ONSM) is critical to ensuring the safety of equipment in the petrochemical industry. However, many accidents occur during ONSM processes because of unstable equipment, complicated work environment, and human error. To reduce congestion and exposure to hazards during on-site operations and thereby reduce the probability of accidents, off-site maintenance(OFSM) is proposed based on Energy Release Theory(ERT). The information requirements for OFSM are analyzed. A support system for OFSM, which makes use of visualization, information management, and localization capabilities, is developed. A case study utilizing OFSM and its support system for an oil-loading facility of a petrochemical company is conducted. The application results indicated that implementation of OFSM system can significantly reduce the operation risks and can improve the operation efficiency.
文摘"Systems thinking is a discipline for seeing wholes.It is a framework for seeing interrelationships rather than things,for seeing patterns of change,rather than static snapshots"(Peter Senge).Investment in infrastructure is required to meet the growing needs of an increasing population,as well as to sustain a competitive advantage in the global marketplace.For an economy to position itself to capitalize on growth and increased investment due to a burgeoning population and increasing international demand for goods and services.
