The subfamily Megophryinae,as a representative batrachian group of the Oriental Realm and one of the most diverse groups of amphibians,has attracted considerable attention due to continued conjecture regarding its gen...The subfamily Megophryinae,as a representative batrachian group of the Oriental Realm and one of the most diverse groups of amphibians,has attracted considerable attention due to continued conjecture regarding its generic classification and failure to reach a satisfactory consensus.China boasts the richest diversity of Asian horned toads,containing some two thirds of the total species cataloged.However,most species have a complicated taxonomic history,resulting in multiple misidentifications.As such,an overall clarification of historical records and regional checklists is required.In the current investigation,we established the phylogeny of the Asian horned toads and performed detailed examinations with redefinitions of several important morphological traits.Based on the phylogenetic relationships and morphological differences,we propose a new ten-genus classification for the Asian horned toad subfamily Megophryinae:i.e.,Brachytarsophrys,Atympanophrys,Grillitschia,Sarawakiphrys gen.nov.,Jingophrys gen.nov.,Xenophrys,Megophrys,Pelobatrachus,Ophryophryne,and Boulenophrys.Revisions on the diagnosability,distribution,and content of each genus are provided.Furthermore,we present a careful review of the taxonomic history of Asian horned toad species from China and provide a monograph of congeners,including six species of Brachytarsophrys,four species of Atympanophrys,five species of Jingophrys gen.nov.,10 species of Xenophrys,two species of Ophryophryne,and 60 species of Boulenophrys.Finally,we discuss the importance of traditional morphological traits based on multiple populations in taxonomic work as well as taxonomic inflation caused by the genetic species delimitation.展开更多
A new species,Amolops pallasitatus sp.nov.is described based on specimens collected from Chentang Town,Dinggyê County,southern Tibet,China.The new species can be distinguished from other known congeners by mitoch...A new species,Amolops pallasitatus sp.nov.is described based on specimens collected from Chentang Town,Dinggyê County,southern Tibet,China.The new species can be distinguished from other known congeners by mitochondrial divergence and morphological characteristics including:(1)medium body size,SVL 70.6–72.3 mm in adult females;(2)skin smooth over the entire body;(3)absence of dorsolateral fold;(4)tympanum small,edge indistinct,less than half of eye diameter;(5)vomerine teeth in two short oblique;(6)circummarginal and transverse grooves absent on disk of the first finger;(7)presence of inner metacarpal tubercle;(8)toes fully webbed,webbing formula Ⅰ0-0^-Ⅱ0-1/2Ⅲ0-1^+Ⅳ1^+-0Ⅴ;(9)absence of outer metatarsal tubercle and tarsal glands;(10)tibiotarsal articulation of the hind limb reaches posterior corners of the eye;(11)dorsum yellow-green,with irregular dark brown blotches without margins;(12)blotches concentrated on the dorsum,less on the flanks.In morphology,Amolops pallasitatus sp.nov.is similar to A.himalayanus and A.formosus,the difference between them is length of hind limbs,web of toe and dorsal colour pattern.The systematic placement of the new species within the genus is unresolved and it is not assigned to any recognized species group,for the lack of convictive evidences.展开更多
It was widely known that retinoic acid inducible gene I （RIG-I） functions as a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that initiates innate antiviral immunity by detecting exogenous viral RNAs. However, recent stud-...It was widely known that retinoic acid inducible gene I （RIG-I） functions as a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that initiates innate antiviral immunity by detecting exogenous viral RNAs. However, recent stud- ies showed that RIG-I participates in other various cellular activities by sensing endogenous RNAs under different circumstances. For example, RIG-I facilitates the therapy resistance and expansion of breast cancer cells and promotes T cell-independent B cell activation through interferon signaling activation by recognizing non-coding RNAs and endogenous retroviruses in certain situations. While in hepatocellular carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia, RIG-I acts as a tumor suppressor through either augmenting STAT1 activation by competitively binding STAT1 against its negative regulator SliP1 or inhibiting AKT-mTOR signaling pathway by directly interacting with Src respectively. These new findings suggest that RIG-I plays more diverse roles in various cellular life activities, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, than previously known. Taken together, the function of RIG-I exceeds far beyond that of a pattern recognition receptor.展开更多
Seeking new strategies to tune the intrinsic defect and optimize the thermoelectric performance via no or less use of external doped elements(i.e.,plain optimization)is an important method to realize the sustainable d...Seeking new strategies to tune the intrinsic defect and optimize the thermoelectric performance via no or less use of external doped elements(i.e.,plain optimization)is an important method to realize the sustainable development of thermoelectric materials.Meanwhile,creating dislocation defects in oxide systems is quite challenging because the rigid and stiff ionic/covalent bonds can hardly tolerate the large strain energy associated with dislocations.Herein,taking BiCuSe_(O) oxide as an example,the present work reports a successful construction of dense lattice dislocations in BiCuSe_(O) by self-doping of Se at the O site(i.e.,Se_(O) self-substitution),and achieves plain optimization of the thermoelectric properties with only external Pb doping.Owing to the self-substitution-induced large lattice distortion and the potential reinforcement effect by Pb doping,high-density(about 3.0×10^(14 )m^(−2))dislocations form in the grains,which enhances the scattering strength of mid-frequency phonon and results in a substantial low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.38 W m^(−1) K^(−1) at 823 K in Pb-doped BiCuSe_(O).Meanwhile,PbBi doping and Cu vacancy markedly improve the electrical conductivity while maintaining a competitively high Seebeck coefficient,thereby contributing to a highest power factor of 942μW m^(−1) K^(−2).Finally,a remarkably enhanced zT value of 1.32 is obtained at 823 K in Bi_(0.94)Pb_(0.06)Cu_(0.97)Se_(1.05)O_(0.95) with almost compositional plainification.The high-density dislocation structure reported in this work will also provide a good inspiration for the design and construction of dislocations in other oxide systems.展开更多
基金supported by DFGP Project of Fauna of Guangdong-202115, Nanling National Park Construction Project (ZD22-ZC016AG)the National Animal Collection Resource Center,China。
文摘The subfamily Megophryinae,as a representative batrachian group of the Oriental Realm and one of the most diverse groups of amphibians,has attracted considerable attention due to continued conjecture regarding its generic classification and failure to reach a satisfactory consensus.China boasts the richest diversity of Asian horned toads,containing some two thirds of the total species cataloged.However,most species have a complicated taxonomic history,resulting in multiple misidentifications.As such,an overall clarification of historical records and regional checklists is required.In the current investigation,we established the phylogeny of the Asian horned toads and performed detailed examinations with redefinitions of several important morphological traits.Based on the phylogenetic relationships and morphological differences,we propose a new ten-genus classification for the Asian horned toad subfamily Megophryinae:i.e.,Brachytarsophrys,Atympanophrys,Grillitschia,Sarawakiphrys gen.nov.,Jingophrys gen.nov.,Xenophrys,Megophrys,Pelobatrachus,Ophryophryne,and Boulenophrys.Revisions on the diagnosability,distribution,and content of each genus are provided.Furthermore,we present a careful review of the taxonomic history of Asian horned toad species from China and provide a monograph of congeners,including six species of Brachytarsophrys,four species of Atympanophrys,five species of Jingophrys gen.nov.,10 species of Xenophrys,two species of Ophryophryne,and 60 species of Boulenophrys.Finally,we discuss the importance of traditional morphological traits based on multiple populations in taxonomic work as well as taxonomic inflation caused by the genetic species delimitation.
基金supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2014FY210200)The Second National Survey of Terrestrial Wildlife Resources in ChinaThe Second National Survey of Terrestrial Wildlife Resources in Tibet of China
文摘A new species,Amolops pallasitatus sp.nov.is described based on specimens collected from Chentang Town,Dinggyê County,southern Tibet,China.The new species can be distinguished from other known congeners by mitochondrial divergence and morphological characteristics including:(1)medium body size,SVL 70.6–72.3 mm in adult females;(2)skin smooth over the entire body;(3)absence of dorsolateral fold;(4)tympanum small,edge indistinct,less than half of eye diameter;(5)vomerine teeth in two short oblique;(6)circummarginal and transverse grooves absent on disk of the first finger;(7)presence of inner metacarpal tubercle;(8)toes fully webbed,webbing formula Ⅰ0-0^-Ⅱ0-1/2Ⅲ0-1^+Ⅳ1^+-0Ⅴ;(9)absence of outer metatarsal tubercle and tarsal glands;(10)tibiotarsal articulation of the hind limb reaches posterior corners of the eye;(11)dorsum yellow-green,with irregular dark brown blotches without margins;(12)blotches concentrated on the dorsum,less on the flanks.In morphology,Amolops pallasitatus sp.nov.is similar to A.himalayanus and A.formosus,the difference between them is length of hind limbs,web of toe and dorsal colour pattern.The systematic placement of the new species within the genus is unresolved and it is not assigned to any recognized species group,for the lack of convictive evidences.
文摘It was widely known that retinoic acid inducible gene I （RIG-I） functions as a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that initiates innate antiviral immunity by detecting exogenous viral RNAs. However, recent stud- ies showed that RIG-I participates in other various cellular activities by sensing endogenous RNAs under different circumstances. For example, RIG-I facilitates the therapy resistance and expansion of breast cancer cells and promotes T cell-independent B cell activation through interferon signaling activation by recognizing non-coding RNAs and endogenous retroviruses in certain situations. While in hepatocellular carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia, RIG-I acts as a tumor suppressor through either augmenting STAT1 activation by competitively binding STAT1 against its negative regulator SliP1 or inhibiting AKT-mTOR signaling pathway by directly interacting with Src respectively. These new findings suggest that RIG-I plays more diverse roles in various cellular life activities, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, than previously known. Taken together, the function of RIG-I exceeds far beyond that of a pattern recognition receptor.
基金The authors wish to acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22279002,11874394,52003198,and 21805269)the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(Grant Nos.GXXT-2020-003 and GXXT-2021-022)Z.L.also thanks the support from the Start-up Funds for High-level Talents of Anhui University.N.Z.and R.W.also thank the support from the National College Students’Innovation and Entre-preneurship Training Program。
文摘Seeking new strategies to tune the intrinsic defect and optimize the thermoelectric performance via no or less use of external doped elements(i.e.,plain optimization)is an important method to realize the sustainable development of thermoelectric materials.Meanwhile,creating dislocation defects in oxide systems is quite challenging because the rigid and stiff ionic/covalent bonds can hardly tolerate the large strain energy associated with dislocations.Herein,taking BiCuSe_(O) oxide as an example,the present work reports a successful construction of dense lattice dislocations in BiCuSe_(O) by self-doping of Se at the O site(i.e.,Se_(O) self-substitution),and achieves plain optimization of the thermoelectric properties with only external Pb doping.Owing to the self-substitution-induced large lattice distortion and the potential reinforcement effect by Pb doping,high-density(about 3.0×10^(14 )m^(−2))dislocations form in the grains,which enhances the scattering strength of mid-frequency phonon and results in a substantial low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.38 W m^(−1) K^(−1) at 823 K in Pb-doped BiCuSe_(O).Meanwhile,PbBi doping and Cu vacancy markedly improve the electrical conductivity while maintaining a competitively high Seebeck coefficient,thereby contributing to a highest power factor of 942μW m^(−1) K^(−2).Finally,a remarkably enhanced zT value of 1.32 is obtained at 823 K in Bi_(0.94)Pb_(0.06)Cu_(0.97)Se_(1.05)O_(0.95) with almost compositional plainification.The high-density dislocation structure reported in this work will also provide a good inspiration for the design and construction of dislocations in other oxide systems.
