We have developed a novel method for co-adding multiple under-sampled images that combines the iteratively reweighted least squares and divide-and-conquer algorithms.Our approach not only allows for the anti-aliasing ...We have developed a novel method for co-adding multiple under-sampled images that combines the iteratively reweighted least squares and divide-and-conquer algorithms.Our approach not only allows for the anti-aliasing of the images but also enables Point-Spread Function(PSF)deconvolution,resulting in enhanced restoration of extended sources,the highest peak signal-to-noise ratio,and reduced ringing artefacts.To test our method,we conducted numerical simulations that replicated observation runs of the China Space Station Telescope/the VLT Survey Telescope(VST)and compared our results to those obtained using previous algorithms.The simulation showed that our method outperforms previous approaches in several ways,such as restoring the profile of extended sources and minimizing ringing artefacts.Additionally,because our method relies on the inherent advantages of least squares fitting,it is more versatile and does not depend on the local uniformity hypothesis for the PSF.However,the new method consumes much more computation than the other approaches.展开更多
Increasing numbers of chiral insecticides have been released into aquatic environments,leading to adverse effects on the environment.Furthermore,these insecticides have potentially undesirable side effects on the envi...Increasing numbers of chiral insecticides have been released into aquatic environments,leading to adverse effects on the environment.Furthermore,these insecticides have potentially undesirable side effects on the environment,humans and other non-target species,potentially disrupting entire ecosystems.This study investigated the effects of ethiprole enantiomers against microorganisms in sediment,duckweed,and human cells.The results showed that S-ethiprole degraded preferentially in sediment,demonstrating enantioselective behavior.In sediment,catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly inhibited,and the frond number of duckweed preferably decreased with exposure to S-ethiprole at high concentration treatments(33:25=R-ethiprole:S-ethiprole).Additionally,the content of chlorophyll b decreased nearly 2 times in R-ethiprole(0.42 mg/g)treatment group in comparison to S-ethiprole(0.20 mg/g)treatment.Cytotoxicity test revealed that S-ethiprole was 2 and 3 times more toxic than rac-and R-ethiprole.The expressions of CAT,SOD and caspase-3 were upregulated in human cells treated with ethiprole enantiomers,indicating oxidative stress as a key factor in toxicity.Overall,S-ethiprole exhibited greater adverse effects than rac-and R-enantiomers in human cells.These findings demonstrate the importance of considering chirality in the risk assessment of harmful chemicals in the aquatic environment.展开更多
目的系统评价腹腔镜下腹股沟疝修补术中腹膜前放置引流管的临床疗效。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、万方、中国生物医学文献服务系统、中国知网、维普等数据库,收集腹腔镜下经腹膜前腹股沟疝修补术(TAPP...目的系统评价腹腔镜下腹股沟疝修补术中腹膜前放置引流管的临床疗效。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、万方、中国生物医学文献服务系统、中国知网、维普等数据库,收集腹腔镜下经腹膜前腹股沟疝修补术(TAPP)或完全腹膜外腹股沟疝修补术(TEP)中腹膜前放置引流管减少血清肿形成的相关研究文献,检索时间为2000年9月至2022年9月,由2名研究人员严格按照纳入/排除标准独立完成文献筛选、资料提取及质量评价等,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9篇文献,1944例患者。Meta分析显示:观察组(腹膜前放置引流管)术后血清肿形成率显著低于对照组(腹膜前未放置引流管)(P<0.00001,I~2=42%);TAPP(P<0.0001,I~2=0%)或TEP(P<0.00001,I~2=0%)中观察组较对照组术后血清肿形成率均更低。观察组手术时间较对照组更长(P<0.00001,I~2=17%)。2组术中出血量、术后24 h及1周疼痛评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05,I~2=0%)。结论腹腔镜下腹股沟疝修补术中腹膜前放置引流管能有效降低患者术后血清肿的形成率,且具有较好的安全性。展开更多
We construct a multiple-population discrete axisymmetric Jeans model for the Andromeda(M31)galaxy,considering three populations of kinematic tracers:48 supergiants and 721 planetary nebulae(PNe)in the bulge and disk r...We construct a multiple-population discrete axisymmetric Jeans model for the Andromeda(M31)galaxy,considering three populations of kinematic tracers:48 supergiants and 721 planetary nebulae(PNe)in the bulge and disk regions,554 globular clusters extending to~30 kpc,and halo stars extending to~150 kpc of the galaxy.The three populations of tracers are organized in the same gravitational potential,while each population is allowed to have its own spatial distribution,rotation,and internal velocity anisotropy.The gravitational potential is a combination of stellar mass and a generalized NFW dark matter halo.We created two sets of models,one with a cusped dark matter halo and one with a cored dark matter halo.Both the cusped and cored model fit kinematics of all the three populations well,but the cored model is not preferred due to a too high concentration compared to that predicted from cosmological simulations.With a cusped dark matter halo,we obtained total stellar mass of 1.0±0.1×10^(11)M_(☉),dark matter halo virial mass of M_(200)=7.0±0.9×10^(11)M_(☉),virial radius of r_(200)=184±4 kpc,and concentration of c=20±4.The mass of M31 we obtained is at the lower side of the allowed ranges in the literature and consistent with the previous results obtained from the HⅠrotation curve and PNe kinematics.Velocity dispersion profile of the outer stellar halo is important in constraining the total mass while it is still largely uncertain.Further proper motion of bright sources from Gaia or the Chinese Space Station Telescope might help on improving the data and lead to stronger constraints on the total mass of M31.展开更多
The expanding production of engineered nanomaterials(ENMs)can eventually cause their increased release into and presence in aquatic ecosystems,potentially threatening the health of aquatic organisms and the stability ...The expanding production of engineered nanomaterials(ENMs)can eventually cause their increased release into and presence in aquatic ecosystems,potentially threatening the health of aquatic organisms and the stability of the ecological environment.Generally,ENMs are repeatedly released into real-world aquatic environments in relatively low concentrations,potentially affecting photosynthesis in primary producers such as algae.However,knowledge regarding the effects of repeated exposure to ENMs on algal photosynthesis is still lacking.Herein,the physiological responses of the freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris following single and repeated exposures to cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO2 NPs)were investigated at 10 mg/L,with a focus on photosynthesis.The results showed that repeated exposures triggered increased photosynthetic pigment contents,oxidative stress levels,decreased photosynthetic performance,and lower biomass in C.vulgaris compared to a single exposure.Photosynthesis-related genes(i.e.,petA,petB,psaA,atpB,and rbcL)were found to be upregulated following repeated exposures.Particularly for petB,repeated rather than single exposure treatment significantly upregulated its expression levels by 2.92–10.24-fold compared to unexposed controls.Furthermore,increased exposure times could aggravate the interaction between CeO2 NPs and algae,elevating 8.13%,12.13%,and 20.51%Ce distribution on the algal cell surface or intracellularly,compared to a single exposure.This study is the first to investigate the effects of ENM exposure times on algal photosynthesis,providing new insights into the assessment of the risks these materials pose to real-world aquatic environments.展开更多
The Wide Field Survey Telescope(WFST) is a dedicated photometric surveying facility being built jointly by University of Science and Technology of China(USTC) and the Purple Mountain Observatory(PMO). It is equipped w...The Wide Field Survey Telescope(WFST) is a dedicated photometric surveying facility being built jointly by University of Science and Technology of China(USTC) and the Purple Mountain Observatory(PMO). It is equipped with a 2.5-meter diameter primary mirror, an active optics system, and a mosaic CCD camera with 0.73 gigapixels on the primary focal plane for highquality image capture over a 6.5-square-degree field of view. The installation of WFST near the summit of Saishiteng mountain in the Lenghu region is scheduled in summer of 2023, and the operation is planned to start three months later. WFST will scan the northern sky in four optical bands(u, g, r and i) at cadences from hourly/daily in the deep high-cadence survey(DHS) program, to semi-weekly in the wide field survey(WFS) program. During a photometric night, a nominal 30 s exposure in the WFS program will reach a depth of 22.27, 23.32, 22.84, and 22.31(AB magnitudes) in these four bands, respectively, allowing for the detection of a tremendous amount of transients in the low-z universe and a systematic investigation of the variability of Galactic and extragalactic objects. In the DHS program, intranight 90 s exposures as deep as 23(u) and 24 mag(g), in combination with target of opportunity follow-ups, will provide a unique opportunity to explore energetic transients in demand for high sensitivities, including the electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave events, supernovae within a few hours of their explosions,tidal disruption events and fast, luminous optical transients even beyond redshift of unity. In addition, the final 6-year co-added images, anticipated to reach g■25.8 mag in WFS or 1.5 mags deeper in DHS, will be of fundamental importance to general Galactic and extragalactic science. The highly uniform legacy surveys of WFST will serve as an indispensable complement to those of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time(LSST) that monitors the southern sky.展开更多
Over the past decades,the plastic production has been dramatically increased.Indeed,a category of small plastic particles mainly with the shapes of fragments,fibers,or spheres,called microplastics(particles smaller th...Over the past decades,the plastic production has been dramatically increased.Indeed,a category of small plastic particles mainly with the shapes of fragments,fibers,or spheres,called microplastics(particles smaller than 5 mm)and nanoplastics(particles smaller than 1μm)have attracted particular attention.Because of its wide distribution in the environment and potential adverse effects to animal and human,microplastic pollution has been reported as a serious environment problem receiving increased attention in recent years.As one of the commonly detected emerging contaminants in the environment,recent evidence indicates that the concentration of microplastics show an increasing trend,for the reason that up to 12.7 million metric tons of plastic litter is released into aquatic environment from land-based sources each year.Furthermore,microplastic exposure levels of model organisms in laboratory studies are usually several orders of magnitude higher than those found in environment,and the microplastics exposure conditions are also different with those observed in the environment.Additionally,the detection of microplastics in feces indicates that they can be excreted out of the bodies of animal and human.Hence,great uncertainties might exist in microplastics exposure and health risk assessment based on current studies,which might be exaggerated.Policies reduce microplastic emission sources and hence minimize their environmental risks are determined.To promote the above policies,we must first overcome the technical obstacles of detecting microplastics in various samples.展开更多
Microplastics pollution has received growing attention worldwide in recent years.However,data on microplastics in the freshwater environment are still limited,especially in high-latitude nature reserves in Northern Ch...Microplastics pollution has received growing attention worldwide in recent years.However,data on microplastics in the freshwater environment are still limited,especially in high-latitude nature reserves in Northern China.The first study on microplastic pollution in the Liaohe River Reserve in Northern China is reported here,and mesoplastics were also incorporated.Surface water and sediment samples were collected from 32 sites along the nature reserve.The abundance,type,shape,color,and size of micro-and mesoplastics were measured using density extraction,optical microscopy,and FTIR spectroscopy.The data showed that diverse micro-and mesoplastics were found widespread in the 32 sites,and the average abundance of these plastics was 0.11±0.0410^(–2) items/L in surface water and 62.29±54.30 items/kg in sediment.Moreover,70%and 66%were smaller than 2000μm in surface water and sediment,respectively.Fiber accounted for 91.86%in surface water and 43.48%in sediment,indicating that the major source of micro-and mesoplastics in the Liaohe River Reserve may be domestic sewage and aquaculture.A total of 16 and 27 polymers were identified in surface water and sediment,respectively,and mostly consisted of rayon,polyester,polystyrene,and poly(ethylene terephthalate).Moreover,both the risk index and the pollution load index demonstrated a low risk of micro-and mesoplastics in surface water and sediment in the Liaohe River Reserve.展开更多
Various materials have been developed for environmental remediation of mercury ion pollution.Among these materials,covalent organic frameworks(COFs)can efficiently adsorb Hg(II)fromwater.Herein,two thiol-modified COFs...Various materials have been developed for environmental remediation of mercury ion pollution.Among these materials,covalent organic frameworks(COFs)can efficiently adsorb Hg(II)fromwater.Herein,two thiol-modified COFs(COF-S-SH and COF-OH-SH)were prepared,through the reaction between 2,5-divinylterephthalaldehyde and 1,3,5-tris-(4-aminophenyl)benzene,followed by post-synthetic modification using bis(2-mercaptoethyl)sulfide and dithiothreitol,respectively.The modified COFs showed excellent Hg(II)adsorption abilities with maximum adsorption capacities of 586.3 and 535.5 mg g^(-1)for COF-S-SH and COF-OH-SH,respectively.The prepared materials showed excellent selective absorbability for Hg(II)against multiple cationic metals in water.Unexpectedly,the experimental data showed that both co-existing toxic anionic diclofenac sodium(DCF)and Hg(II)performed positive effect for capturing another pollutant by these two modified COFs.Thus,a synergistic adsorption mechanism between Hg(II)and DCF on COFs was proposed.Moreover,density functional theory calculations revealed that synergistic adsorption occurred between Hg(II)and DCF,which resulted in a significant reduction in the adsorption system's energy.This work highlights a new direction for application of COFs to simultaneous removal of heavy metals and co-existing organic pollutants from water.展开更多
基金supported by the GHfund A(202302017475)supported by the Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20140050)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11973070,11333008,11273061,11825303,and 11673065)the China Manned Space Project with No.CMS-CSST-2021-A01,CMSCSST-2021-A03,CMS-CSST-2021-B01the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1931210)the support from Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS,grant No.ZDBS-LY-7013Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leaderthe support from the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with CMS-CSST-2021-A04,CMS-CSST-2021-A07。
文摘We have developed a novel method for co-adding multiple under-sampled images that combines the iteratively reweighted least squares and divide-and-conquer algorithms.Our approach not only allows for the anti-aliasing of the images but also enables Point-Spread Function(PSF)deconvolution,resulting in enhanced restoration of extended sources,the highest peak signal-to-noise ratio,and reduced ringing artefacts.To test our method,we conducted numerical simulations that replicated observation runs of the China Space Station Telescope/the VLT Survey Telescope(VST)and compared our results to those obtained using previous algorithms.The simulation showed that our method outperforms previous approaches in several ways,such as restoring the profile of extended sources and minimizing ringing artefacts.Additionally,because our method relies on the inherent advantages of least squares fitting,it is more versatile and does not depend on the local uniformity hypothesis for the PSF.However,the new method consumes much more computation than the other approaches.
基金he National Natural Science Foundation of China(42377391)the Excellent Youth Science Foundation of BAAFs(YXQN202201)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023CDJXY-034)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory ofWater Quality Improvement and Ecology Restoration for Watersheds(2021-03)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(8222046)for their support of this research via grants.
文摘Increasing numbers of chiral insecticides have been released into aquatic environments,leading to adverse effects on the environment.Furthermore,these insecticides have potentially undesirable side effects on the environment,humans and other non-target species,potentially disrupting entire ecosystems.This study investigated the effects of ethiprole enantiomers against microorganisms in sediment,duckweed,and human cells.The results showed that S-ethiprole degraded preferentially in sediment,demonstrating enantioselective behavior.In sediment,catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly inhibited,and the frond number of duckweed preferably decreased with exposure to S-ethiprole at high concentration treatments(33:25=R-ethiprole:S-ethiprole).Additionally,the content of chlorophyll b decreased nearly 2 times in R-ethiprole(0.42 mg/g)treatment group in comparison to S-ethiprole(0.20 mg/g)treatment.Cytotoxicity test revealed that S-ethiprole was 2 and 3 times more toxic than rac-and R-ethiprole.The expressions of CAT,SOD and caspase-3 were upregulated in human cells treated with ethiprole enantiomers,indicating oxidative stress as a key factor in toxicity.Overall,S-ethiprole exhibited greater adverse effects than rac-and R-enantiomers in human cells.These findings demonstrate the importance of considering chirality in the risk assessment of harmful chemicals in the aquatic environment.
基金the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project with No.CMS-CSST-2021-B03the Grant with No.12033003。
文摘We construct a multiple-population discrete axisymmetric Jeans model for the Andromeda(M31)galaxy,considering three populations of kinematic tracers:48 supergiants and 721 planetary nebulae(PNe)in the bulge and disk regions,554 globular clusters extending to~30 kpc,and halo stars extending to~150 kpc of the galaxy.The three populations of tracers are organized in the same gravitational potential,while each population is allowed to have its own spatial distribution,rotation,and internal velocity anisotropy.The gravitational potential is a combination of stellar mass and a generalized NFW dark matter halo.We created two sets of models,one with a cusped dark matter halo and one with a cored dark matter halo.Both the cusped and cored model fit kinematics of all the three populations well,but the cored model is not preferred due to a too high concentration compared to that predicted from cosmological simulations.With a cusped dark matter halo,we obtained total stellar mass of 1.0±0.1×10^(11)M_(☉),dark matter halo virial mass of M_(200)=7.0±0.9×10^(11)M_(☉),virial radius of r_(200)=184±4 kpc,and concentration of c=20±4.The mass of M31 we obtained is at the lower side of the allowed ranges in the literature and consistent with the previous results obtained from the HⅠrotation curve and PNe kinematics.Velocity dispersion profile of the outer stellar halo is important in constraining the total mass while it is still largely uncertain.Further proper motion of bright sources from Gaia or the Chinese Space Station Telescope might help on improving the data and lead to stronger constraints on the total mass of M31.
基金provided by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42007285,42077227)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.RCBS20210706092344024 and 202206193000001,20220816102553004)Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515010564).
文摘The expanding production of engineered nanomaterials(ENMs)can eventually cause their increased release into and presence in aquatic ecosystems,potentially threatening the health of aquatic organisms and the stability of the ecological environment.Generally,ENMs are repeatedly released into real-world aquatic environments in relatively low concentrations,potentially affecting photosynthesis in primary producers such as algae.However,knowledge regarding the effects of repeated exposure to ENMs on algal photosynthesis is still lacking.Herein,the physiological responses of the freshwater algae Chlorella vulgaris following single and repeated exposures to cerium oxide nanoparticles(CeO2 NPs)were investigated at 10 mg/L,with a focus on photosynthesis.The results showed that repeated exposures triggered increased photosynthetic pigment contents,oxidative stress levels,decreased photosynthetic performance,and lower biomass in C.vulgaris compared to a single exposure.Photosynthesis-related genes(i.e.,petA,petB,psaA,atpB,and rbcL)were found to be upregulated following repeated exposures.Particularly for petB,repeated rather than single exposure treatment significantly upregulated its expression levels by 2.92–10.24-fold compared to unexposed controls.Furthermore,increased exposure times could aggravate the interaction between CeO2 NPs and algae,elevating 8.13%,12.13%,and 20.51%Ce distribution on the algal cell surface or intracellularly,compared to a single exposure.This study is the first to investigate the effects of ENM exposure times on algal photosynthesis,providing new insights into the assessment of the risks these materials pose to real-world aquatic environments.
基金supported by the Cyrus Chun Ying Tang Foundationsthe Major Science and Technology Project of Qinghai Province(Grant No.2019ZJ-A10)+4 种基金the 111 Project for“Observational and Theoretical Research on Dark Matter and Dark Energy”(Grant No.B23042)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11833007,12073078,12173088,12192221,12192224,12233008,12273036,and 12273113)the Frontier Scientific Research Program of Deep Space Exploration Laboratory(Grant No.2022-QYKYJH-HXYF-012)the support from the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(Grant No.YD2030002009)Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.YSBR-061),respectively。
文摘The Wide Field Survey Telescope(WFST) is a dedicated photometric surveying facility being built jointly by University of Science and Technology of China(USTC) and the Purple Mountain Observatory(PMO). It is equipped with a 2.5-meter diameter primary mirror, an active optics system, and a mosaic CCD camera with 0.73 gigapixels on the primary focal plane for highquality image capture over a 6.5-square-degree field of view. The installation of WFST near the summit of Saishiteng mountain in the Lenghu region is scheduled in summer of 2023, and the operation is planned to start three months later. WFST will scan the northern sky in four optical bands(u, g, r and i) at cadences from hourly/daily in the deep high-cadence survey(DHS) program, to semi-weekly in the wide field survey(WFS) program. During a photometric night, a nominal 30 s exposure in the WFS program will reach a depth of 22.27, 23.32, 22.84, and 22.31(AB magnitudes) in these four bands, respectively, allowing for the detection of a tremendous amount of transients in the low-z universe and a systematic investigation of the variability of Galactic and extragalactic objects. In the DHS program, intranight 90 s exposures as deep as 23(u) and 24 mag(g), in combination with target of opportunity follow-ups, will provide a unique opportunity to explore energetic transients in demand for high sensitivities, including the electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational wave events, supernovae within a few hours of their explosions,tidal disruption events and fast, luminous optical transients even beyond redshift of unity. In addition, the final 6-year co-added images, anticipated to reach g■25.8 mag in WFS or 1.5 mags deeper in DHS, will be of fundamental importance to general Galactic and extragalactic science. The highly uniform legacy surveys of WFST will serve as an indispensable complement to those of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time(LSST) that monitors the southern sky.
文摘Over the past decades,the plastic production has been dramatically increased.Indeed,a category of small plastic particles mainly with the shapes of fragments,fibers,or spheres,called microplastics(particles smaller than 5 mm)and nanoplastics(particles smaller than 1μm)have attracted particular attention.Because of its wide distribution in the environment and potential adverse effects to animal and human,microplastic pollution has been reported as a serious environment problem receiving increased attention in recent years.As one of the commonly detected emerging contaminants in the environment,recent evidence indicates that the concentration of microplastics show an increasing trend,for the reason that up to 12.7 million metric tons of plastic litter is released into aquatic environment from land-based sources each year.Furthermore,microplastic exposure levels of model organisms in laboratory studies are usually several orders of magnitude higher than those found in environment,and the microplastics exposure conditions are also different with those observed in the environment.Additionally,the detection of microplastics in feces indicates that they can be excreted out of the bodies of animal and human.Hence,great uncertainties might exist in microplastics exposure and health risk assessment based on current studies,which might be exaggerated.Policies reduce microplastic emission sources and hence minimize their environmental risks are determined.To promote the above policies,we must first overcome the technical obstacles of detecting microplastics in various samples.
基金supported by the Capacity-building Projects by the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(KJCX20190405,KJCX20210430,KJCX20200422),and Beijing Outstanding Talents Cultivation Youth Backbone Project。
文摘Microplastics pollution has received growing attention worldwide in recent years.However,data on microplastics in the freshwater environment are still limited,especially in high-latitude nature reserves in Northern China.The first study on microplastic pollution in the Liaohe River Reserve in Northern China is reported here,and mesoplastics were also incorporated.Surface water and sediment samples were collected from 32 sites along the nature reserve.The abundance,type,shape,color,and size of micro-and mesoplastics were measured using density extraction,optical microscopy,and FTIR spectroscopy.The data showed that diverse micro-and mesoplastics were found widespread in the 32 sites,and the average abundance of these plastics was 0.11±0.0410^(–2) items/L in surface water and 62.29±54.30 items/kg in sediment.Moreover,70%and 66%were smaller than 2000μm in surface water and sediment,respectively.Fiber accounted for 91.86%in surface water and 43.48%in sediment,indicating that the major source of micro-and mesoplastics in the Liaohe River Reserve may be domestic sewage and aquaculture.A total of 16 and 27 polymers were identified in surface water and sediment,respectively,and mostly consisted of rayon,polyester,polystyrene,and poly(ethylene terephthalate).Moreover,both the risk index and the pollution load index demonstrated a low risk of micro-and mesoplastics in surface water and sediment in the Liaohe River Reserve.
基金supported by the International Cooperation Project of Qinghai Province(Grant No.2021-HZ-809)the Key Youth Foundation of Qinghai University(Grant No.2021-QGY-1).
文摘Various materials have been developed for environmental remediation of mercury ion pollution.Among these materials,covalent organic frameworks(COFs)can efficiently adsorb Hg(II)fromwater.Herein,two thiol-modified COFs(COF-S-SH and COF-OH-SH)were prepared,through the reaction between 2,5-divinylterephthalaldehyde and 1,3,5-tris-(4-aminophenyl)benzene,followed by post-synthetic modification using bis(2-mercaptoethyl)sulfide and dithiothreitol,respectively.The modified COFs showed excellent Hg(II)adsorption abilities with maximum adsorption capacities of 586.3 and 535.5 mg g^(-1)for COF-S-SH and COF-OH-SH,respectively.The prepared materials showed excellent selective absorbability for Hg(II)against multiple cationic metals in water.Unexpectedly,the experimental data showed that both co-existing toxic anionic diclofenac sodium(DCF)and Hg(II)performed positive effect for capturing another pollutant by these two modified COFs.Thus,a synergistic adsorption mechanism between Hg(II)and DCF on COFs was proposed.Moreover,density functional theory calculations revealed that synergistic adsorption occurred between Hg(II)and DCF,which resulted in a significant reduction in the adsorption system's energy.This work highlights a new direction for application of COFs to simultaneous removal of heavy metals and co-existing organic pollutants from water.
