Polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have emerged as persistent environmental contaminants because of their chemical stability,degradation-resistance and bioaccumulation potential.However,current studies mainly focus on th...Polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have emerged as persistent environmental contaminants because of their chemical stability,degradation-resistance and bioaccumulation potential.However,current studies mainly focus on the toxicity of single PFAS such as perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA),the knowledge of their combined effects is relatively limited.In this study,we explored the immune response of the gut in large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea)under the combined stress of PFOA and PFBA.Histologicalanalyses revealed that the combined effect induced intestinal vacuolization and decreased the length of intestinal villi.And it significantly activated pro-inflammatory pathways with marked upregulation of tnfα,il1β,il6 and myd88 expressions,particularly after 14 days of exposure.Gut microbiota analysis revealed substantial dysbiosis,including 1)reduced alpha diversity,2)increased abundance of potential pathogenic taxa(Proteobacteria and Spirochaetota),and 3)depletion of beneficial Firmicutes.PICRUSt-based functional prediction indicated temporal metabolic shifts,with upregulation of DNA repair pathways at day 3 and enhanced bacterial motility protein activity at days 7 and 14 of post-exposure.The Pearson correlation analysis further indicated that these immune genes had significant positive correlations with Vibrio and Brevinema,and negative correlations with Streptococcus.Our present study will provide novel insights into the microbiome-mediated immunomodulation in the larger yellow croaker exposed to combined PFAS,which will be helpful for healthy farming of economically important marine species.展开更多
Roughened surfaces of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)provide substantial improvement in light extraction efficiency.By preparing the self-assemble nanoporous Ni template through rapid annealing of a thin Ni film,followed ...Roughened surfaces of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)provide substantial improvement in light extraction efficiency.By preparing the self-assemble nanoporous Ni template through rapid annealing of a thin Ni film,followed by a low damage dry etching process,a p-side-up LED with a roughened surface has been fabricated.Compared to a conventional LED with plane surface,the light output of LEDs with nanoporous p-GaN surface increases up to 71%and 36%at applied currents of 1 mA and 20 mA,respectively.Meanwhile,the electrical characteristics are not degraded obviously after surface roughening.展开更多
[目的]探索化学除草剂对2种中药材苦参和射干苗期杂草的防除效果及其对该2种作物的安全性。[方法]通过田间小区试验,研究40%砜吡草唑SC土壤喷雾+30%苯唑草酮SC播种后21 d茎叶喷雾,按照低(120+22.5)、中(180+27)、高(240+45)g a.i./hm^(...[目的]探索化学除草剂对2种中药材苦参和射干苗期杂草的防除效果及其对该2种作物的安全性。[方法]通过田间小区试验,研究40%砜吡草唑SC土壤喷雾+30%苯唑草酮SC播种后21 d茎叶喷雾,按照低(120+22.5)、中(180+27)、高(240+45)g a.i./hm^(2)3个剂量组合搭配,48%仲丁灵EC按照1440 g a.i./hm^(2)苗前一次性土壤喷雾的方法,施药后持续调查4种不同处理对田间杂草的株防效,以及对苦参和射干2种作物出苗和株高的影响。[结果]40%砜吡草唑SC+30%苯唑草酮SC的中(180+27)、低(120+22.5)g a.i./hm^(2)剂量处理组合在苗后茎叶处理后7~42 d,对田间杂草的株防效可维持在80%以上,且该剂量组合处理对苦参和射干的出苗和株高并无明显不利影响。[结论]选用苗前土壤处理除草剂40%砜吡草唑SC按照120~180 g a.i./hm^(2),配合播种后21 d按照22.5~27 g a.i./hm^(2)施用苗后除草剂30%苯唑草酮SC,对苦参和射干2种作物田杂草的防除效果和安全性良好。展开更多
目的系统评价冬虫夏草制剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的临床疗效和安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、VIP、CNKI、CMB及Wanfang数据库收录的2015年1月1日—2025年10月1日的文献,收集有关冬虫夏草制剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的随机对...目的系统评价冬虫夏草制剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的临床疗效和安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、VIP、CNKI、CMB及Wanfang数据库收录的2015年1月1日—2025年10月1日的文献,收集有关冬虫夏草制剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的随机对照试验。按照Cochrane系统评价方法,由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价研究质量,评价员对最后结果进行交叉核对,而后采用Stata MP 18.0软件进行网状meta分析。结果共纳入35个临床随机对照试验,病例3710例,其中试验组1857例,对照组1853例。网状meta分析结果显示:①在提高临床疗效方面,百令片>金水宝胶囊>百令胶囊;②在改善第1秒用力肺活量(forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV1)方面,百令胶囊>金水宝胶囊;③在改善FEV1占预计值的百分比(FEV1%)方面,金水宝胶囊>百令胶囊>百令片;④在改善用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)方面,百令片>金水宝胶囊>百令胶囊;⑤在改善FEV1/FVC方面,百令胶囊>百令片>金水宝胶囊;⑥在安全性方面,7篇文献报告了不良反应,主要涉及消化系统、神经系统、皮肤系统、泌尿系统、内分泌系统、心血管系统,所有报道均未发生严重不良反应。结论冬虫夏草制剂联合西医常规治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期可提高临床疗效,改善肺功能指标FEV1、FEV1%、FVC及FEV1/FVC。但由于纳入研究的局限性,缺少不同干预措施之间的直接比较,因此仍然需要进行更多高质量、多中心、大样本的临床随机对照研究,以便更客观、全面、正确地评价其疗效。展开更多
基金supported by the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Youth Foundation,No.2024J449)the Scientific Research Foundation for Introduced Talents of Ningbo University(Nos.ZX2022000602 and ZX2024000043)。
文摘Polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have emerged as persistent environmental contaminants because of their chemical stability,degradation-resistance and bioaccumulation potential.However,current studies mainly focus on the toxicity of single PFAS such as perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA),the knowledge of their combined effects is relatively limited.In this study,we explored the immune response of the gut in large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea)under the combined stress of PFOA and PFBA.Histologicalanalyses revealed that the combined effect induced intestinal vacuolization and decreased the length of intestinal villi.And it significantly activated pro-inflammatory pathways with marked upregulation of tnfα,il1β,il6 and myd88 expressions,particularly after 14 days of exposure.Gut microbiota analysis revealed substantial dysbiosis,including 1)reduced alpha diversity,2)increased abundance of potential pathogenic taxa(Proteobacteria and Spirochaetota),and 3)depletion of beneficial Firmicutes.PICRUSt-based functional prediction indicated temporal metabolic shifts,with upregulation of DNA repair pathways at day 3 and enhanced bacterial motility protein activity at days 7 and 14 of post-exposure.The Pearson correlation analysis further indicated that these immune genes had significant positive correlations with Vibrio and Brevinema,and negative correlations with Streptococcus.Our present study will provide novel insights into the microbiome-mediated immunomodulation in the larger yellow croaker exposed to combined PFAS,which will be helpful for healthy farming of economically important marine species.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB301900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61176063,60990311,60820106003,60906025,60936004)+1 种基金The Nature Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2008019,BK2010385,BK2009255,BK2010178)the Research Funds from NJU-Yangzhou Institute of Optoelectronics.
文摘Roughened surfaces of light-emitting diodes(LEDs)provide substantial improvement in light extraction efficiency.By preparing the self-assemble nanoporous Ni template through rapid annealing of a thin Ni film,followed by a low damage dry etching process,a p-side-up LED with a roughened surface has been fabricated.Compared to a conventional LED with plane surface,the light output of LEDs with nanoporous p-GaN surface increases up to 71%and 36%at applied currents of 1 mA and 20 mA,respectively.Meanwhile,the electrical characteristics are not degraded obviously after surface roughening.
文摘[目的]探索化学除草剂对2种中药材苦参和射干苗期杂草的防除效果及其对该2种作物的安全性。[方法]通过田间小区试验,研究40%砜吡草唑SC土壤喷雾+30%苯唑草酮SC播种后21 d茎叶喷雾,按照低(120+22.5)、中(180+27)、高(240+45)g a.i./hm^(2)3个剂量组合搭配,48%仲丁灵EC按照1440 g a.i./hm^(2)苗前一次性土壤喷雾的方法,施药后持续调查4种不同处理对田间杂草的株防效,以及对苦参和射干2种作物出苗和株高的影响。[结果]40%砜吡草唑SC+30%苯唑草酮SC的中(180+27)、低(120+22.5)g a.i./hm^(2)剂量处理组合在苗后茎叶处理后7~42 d,对田间杂草的株防效可维持在80%以上,且该剂量组合处理对苦参和射干的出苗和株高并无明显不利影响。[结论]选用苗前土壤处理除草剂40%砜吡草唑SC按照120~180 g a.i./hm^(2),配合播种后21 d按照22.5~27 g a.i./hm^(2)施用苗后除草剂30%苯唑草酮SC,对苦参和射干2种作物田杂草的防除效果和安全性良好。
文摘目的系统评价冬虫夏草制剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的临床疗效和安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、VIP、CNKI、CMB及Wanfang数据库收录的2015年1月1日—2025年10月1日的文献,收集有关冬虫夏草制剂治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的随机对照试验。按照Cochrane系统评价方法,由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料和评价研究质量,评价员对最后结果进行交叉核对,而后采用Stata MP 18.0软件进行网状meta分析。结果共纳入35个临床随机对照试验,病例3710例,其中试验组1857例,对照组1853例。网状meta分析结果显示:①在提高临床疗效方面,百令片>金水宝胶囊>百令胶囊;②在改善第1秒用力肺活量(forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV1)方面,百令胶囊>金水宝胶囊;③在改善FEV1占预计值的百分比(FEV1%)方面,金水宝胶囊>百令胶囊>百令片;④在改善用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)方面,百令片>金水宝胶囊>百令胶囊;⑤在改善FEV1/FVC方面,百令胶囊>百令片>金水宝胶囊;⑥在安全性方面,7篇文献报告了不良反应,主要涉及消化系统、神经系统、皮肤系统、泌尿系统、内分泌系统、心血管系统,所有报道均未发生严重不良反应。结论冬虫夏草制剂联合西医常规治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期可提高临床疗效,改善肺功能指标FEV1、FEV1%、FVC及FEV1/FVC。但由于纳入研究的局限性,缺少不同干预措施之间的直接比较,因此仍然需要进行更多高质量、多中心、大样本的临床随机对照研究,以便更客观、全面、正确地评价其疗效。
