In recent years,large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated immense potential in practical applications to enhance work efficiency and decision-making capabilities.However,specialized LLMs in the oil and gas engineer...In recent years,large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated immense potential in practical applications to enhance work efficiency and decision-making capabilities.However,specialized LLMs in the oil and gas engineering area are rarely developed.To aid in exploring and developing deep and ultra-deep unconventional reservoirs,there is a call for a personalized LLM on oil-and gas-related rock mechanics,which may handle complex professional data and make intelligent predictions and decisions.To that end,herein,we overview general and industry-specific LLMs.Then,a systematic workflow is proposed for building this domain-specific LLM for oil and gas engineering,including data collection and processing,model construction and training,model validation,and implementation in the specific domain.Moreover,three application scenarios are investigated:knowledge extraction from textural resources,field operation with multidisciplinary integration,and intelligent decision assistance.Finally,several challenges in developing this domain-specific LLM are highlighted.Our key findings are that geological surveys,laboratory experiments,field tests,and numerical simulations form the four original sources of rock mechanics data.Those data must flow through collection,storage,processing,and governance before being fed into LLM training.This domain-specific LLM can be trained by fine-tuning a general open-source LLM with professional data and constraints such as rock mechanics datasets and principles.The LLM can then follow the commonly used training and validation processes before being implemented in the oil and gas field.However,there are three primary challenges in building this domain-specific LLM:data standardization,data security and access,and striking a compromise between physics and data when building the model structure.Some of these challenges are administrative rather than technical,and overcoming those requires close collaboration between the different interested parties and various professional practitioners.展开更多
Background and objective:Both type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)are known to be influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors.Ramulus Mori(Sangzhi)alk...Background and objective:Both type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)are known to be influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors.Ramulus Mori(Sangzhi)alkaloids(SZ-A)are effective hypoglycemic agents.Recent studies suggest that SZ-A may improve T2DM,MASLD,and metabolic syndrome,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate whether SZ-A can modulate hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in a mouse model of T2DM combined with MASLD.Methods:A combined T2DM-MASLD mouse model was established using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection.Liver morphology and histology were assessed using a portable small-animal ultrasound imaging system,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,and Oil Red O staining.Serum levels of triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were measured using standard assay kits.Gut microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing,and hepatic lipid metabolites were profiled using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)MS.Results:SZ-A improved liver function by ameliorating morphological and structural abnormalities,reducing lipid droplet accumulation,and lowering serum levels of TG,TC,LDL,ALT,and AST.It also led to decreased hepatic ultrasound echo intensity compared to the kidney.Additionally,SZ-A helped restore gut microbiota balance,including a partial reversal of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.Lipidomic analysis revealed that SZ-A downregulated most TG and diglycerides(DG),while upregulating phosphatidylcholine(PC)and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)in the model group.Conclusions:SZ-A partially alleviates liver injury in T2DM-MASLD mice by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition.展开更多
We study the mechanism of van der Waals(vdW)interactions on phonon transport in atomic scale,which would boost developments in heat management and energy conversion.Commonly,the vdW interactions are regarded as a hind...We study the mechanism of van der Waals(vdW)interactions on phonon transport in atomic scale,which would boost developments in heat management and energy conversion.Commonly,the vdW interactions are regarded as a hindrance in phonon transport.Here we propose that the vdW confinement can enhance phonon transport.Through molecular dynamics simulations,it is realized that the vdW confinement is able to make more than two-fold enhancement on thermal conductivity of both polyethylene single chain and graphene nanoribbon.The quantitative analyses of morphology,local vdW potential energy and dynamical properties are carried out to reveal the underlying physical mechanism.It is found that the confined vdW potential barriers reduce the atomic thermal displacement magnitudes,leading to less phonon scattering and facilitating thermal transport.Our study offers a new strategy to modulate the phonon transport.展开更多
The existence of neural stem cells(NSCs)in the adult mammalian nervous system,although small in number and restricted to the sub-ventricular zone of the lateral ventricles,the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus,and the ...The existence of neural stem cells(NSCs)in the adult mammalian nervous system,although small in number and restricted to the sub-ventricular zone of the lateral ventricles,the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus,and the olfactory epithelium,is a gift of evolution for the adaptive brain function which requires persistent plastic changes of these regions.It is known that most adult NSCs are latent,showing long cell cycles.In the past decade,the concept of quiescent NSCs(qNSCs)has been widely accepted by researchers in the field,and great progress has been made in the biology of qNSCs.Although the spontaneous neuronal regeneration derived from adult NSCs is not significant,understanding how the behaviors of qNSCs are regulated sheds light on stimulating endogenous NSC-based neuronal regeneration.In this review,we mainly focus on the recent progress of the developmental origin and regulatory mechanisms that maintain qNSCs under normal conditions,and that mobilize qNSCs under pathological conditions,hoping to give some insights for future study.展开更多
目的观察后路腰椎间融合术中经颅肌肉运动诱发电位(Transcranial muscle motor evoked potential,Tc-eMEP)的变化以及术后出现运动功能障碍的发生率,判断不同程度腰椎管狭窄症患者最佳Tc-eMEP警报标准。方法纳入自2023-01—2023-06采用...目的观察后路腰椎间融合术中经颅肌肉运动诱发电位(Transcranial muscle motor evoked potential,Tc-eMEP)的变化以及术后出现运动功能障碍的发生率,判断不同程度腰椎管狭窄症患者最佳Tc-eMEP警报标准。方法纳入自2023-01—2023-06采用后路腰椎间融合术治疗的92例腰椎管狭窄症,中度狭窄组52例,重度狭窄组40例,术中进行神经电生理监测并记录Tc-eMEP。计算不同Tc-eMEP振幅波动下预测术后运动功能障碍的阳性率、阴性率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感性和特异性,采用受试者工作特征曲线分析确定Tc-eMEP振幅降低预测术后运动功能障碍发生的最佳警报标准。结果92例手术均顺利完成,术后至少获得6个月随访。术后第1天5例(5.43%)发生运动功能障碍,均为融合侧下肢,中度狭窄组2例,重度狭窄组3例。5例术中Tc-eMEP振幅变化超过警报标准,3例手术结束时TceMEP振幅低于警报标准,2例仍超过警报标准。2例(2.17%)术后6个月仍存在运动功能障碍,中度狭窄组1例(术中Tc-eMEP最大降幅70%,手术结束Tc-eMEP降幅50%),重度狭窄组1例(术中Tc-eMEP最大降幅90%,手术结束TceMEP降幅70%)。受试者工作特征曲线分析结果显示,中度狭窄组与重度狭窄组术中Tc-eMEP降低振幅的AUC值较大。结论腰椎管狭窄症后路腰椎间融合术中可以根据椎管狭窄情况适当调整Tc-eMEP警报标准,对于中度椎管狭窄、手术风险较小且对神经干扰较少的患者,可将较低的术中Tc-eMEP振幅下降值(<42.5%)作为警报标准;对于重度椎管狭窄、手术操作复杂的患者,可将较高的术中Tc-eMEP振幅下降值(≥42.5%)作为警报标准。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.42277122)the Science Foun-dation of the China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462024BJRC013).
文摘In recent years,large language models(LLMs)have demonstrated immense potential in practical applications to enhance work efficiency and decision-making capabilities.However,specialized LLMs in the oil and gas engineering area are rarely developed.To aid in exploring and developing deep and ultra-deep unconventional reservoirs,there is a call for a personalized LLM on oil-and gas-related rock mechanics,which may handle complex professional data and make intelligent predictions and decisions.To that end,herein,we overview general and industry-specific LLMs.Then,a systematic workflow is proposed for building this domain-specific LLM for oil and gas engineering,including data collection and processing,model construction and training,model validation,and implementation in the specific domain.Moreover,three application scenarios are investigated:knowledge extraction from textural resources,field operation with multidisciplinary integration,and intelligent decision assistance.Finally,several challenges in developing this domain-specific LLM are highlighted.Our key findings are that geological surveys,laboratory experiments,field tests,and numerical simulations form the four original sources of rock mechanics data.Those data must flow through collection,storage,processing,and governance before being fed into LLM training.This domain-specific LLM can be trained by fine-tuning a general open-source LLM with professional data and constraints such as rock mechanics datasets and principles.The LLM can then follow the commonly used training and validation processes before being implemented in the oil and gas field.However,there are three primary challenges in building this domain-specific LLM:data standardization,data security and access,and striking a compromise between physics and data when building the model structure.Some of these challenges are administrative rather than technical,and overcoming those requires close collaboration between the different interested parties and various professional practitioners.
基金supported by the Fund for Independent Innovation of Hypoglycemic Drugs from Basic Research to Clinical Application(070500020373).
文摘Background and objective:Both type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)are known to be influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors.Ramulus Mori(Sangzhi)alkaloids(SZ-A)are effective hypoglycemic agents.Recent studies suggest that SZ-A may improve T2DM,MASLD,and metabolic syndrome,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study aimed to investigate whether SZ-A can modulate hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in a mouse model of T2DM combined with MASLD.Methods:A combined T2DM-MASLD mouse model was established using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection.Liver morphology and histology were assessed using a portable small-animal ultrasound imaging system,hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,and Oil Red O staining.Serum levels of triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein(LDL),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were measured using standard assay kits.Gut microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing,and hepatic lipid metabolites were profiled using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)MS.Results:SZ-A improved liver function by ameliorating morphological and structural abnormalities,reducing lipid droplet accumulation,and lowering serum levels of TG,TC,LDL,ALT,and AST.It also led to decreased hepatic ultrasound echo intensity compared to the kidney.Additionally,SZ-A helped restore gut microbiota balance,including a partial reversal of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.Lipidomic analysis revealed that SZ-A downregulated most TG and diglycerides(DG),while upregulating phosphatidylcholine(PC)and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)in the model group.Conclusions:SZ-A partially alleviates liver injury in T2DM-MASLD mice by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51606072 and 51576077).
文摘We study the mechanism of van der Waals(vdW)interactions on phonon transport in atomic scale,which would boost developments in heat management and energy conversion.Commonly,the vdW interactions are regarded as a hindrance in phonon transport.Here we propose that the vdW confinement can enhance phonon transport.Through molecular dynamics simulations,it is realized that the vdW confinement is able to make more than two-fold enhancement on thermal conductivity of both polyethylene single chain and graphene nanoribbon.The quantitative analyses of morphology,local vdW potential energy and dynamical properties are carried out to reveal the underlying physical mechanism.It is found that the confined vdW potential barriers reduce the atomic thermal displacement magnitudes,leading to less phonon scattering and facilitating thermal transport.Our study offers a new strategy to modulate the phonon transport.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970907 and 82171346).
文摘The existence of neural stem cells(NSCs)in the adult mammalian nervous system,although small in number and restricted to the sub-ventricular zone of the lateral ventricles,the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus,and the olfactory epithelium,is a gift of evolution for the adaptive brain function which requires persistent plastic changes of these regions.It is known that most adult NSCs are latent,showing long cell cycles.In the past decade,the concept of quiescent NSCs(qNSCs)has been widely accepted by researchers in the field,and great progress has been made in the biology of qNSCs.Although the spontaneous neuronal regeneration derived from adult NSCs is not significant,understanding how the behaviors of qNSCs are regulated sheds light on stimulating endogenous NSC-based neuronal regeneration.In this review,we mainly focus on the recent progress of the developmental origin and regulatory mechanisms that maintain qNSCs under normal conditions,and that mobilize qNSCs under pathological conditions,hoping to give some insights for future study.
文摘目的观察后路腰椎间融合术中经颅肌肉运动诱发电位(Transcranial muscle motor evoked potential,Tc-eMEP)的变化以及术后出现运动功能障碍的发生率,判断不同程度腰椎管狭窄症患者最佳Tc-eMEP警报标准。方法纳入自2023-01—2023-06采用后路腰椎间融合术治疗的92例腰椎管狭窄症,中度狭窄组52例,重度狭窄组40例,术中进行神经电生理监测并记录Tc-eMEP。计算不同Tc-eMEP振幅波动下预测术后运动功能障碍的阳性率、阴性率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感性和特异性,采用受试者工作特征曲线分析确定Tc-eMEP振幅降低预测术后运动功能障碍发生的最佳警报标准。结果92例手术均顺利完成,术后至少获得6个月随访。术后第1天5例(5.43%)发生运动功能障碍,均为融合侧下肢,中度狭窄组2例,重度狭窄组3例。5例术中Tc-eMEP振幅变化超过警报标准,3例手术结束时TceMEP振幅低于警报标准,2例仍超过警报标准。2例(2.17%)术后6个月仍存在运动功能障碍,中度狭窄组1例(术中Tc-eMEP最大降幅70%,手术结束Tc-eMEP降幅50%),重度狭窄组1例(术中Tc-eMEP最大降幅90%,手术结束TceMEP降幅70%)。受试者工作特征曲线分析结果显示,中度狭窄组与重度狭窄组术中Tc-eMEP降低振幅的AUC值较大。结论腰椎管狭窄症后路腰椎间融合术中可以根据椎管狭窄情况适当调整Tc-eMEP警报标准,对于中度椎管狭窄、手术风险较小且对神经干扰较少的患者,可将较低的术中Tc-eMEP振幅下降值(<42.5%)作为警报标准;对于重度椎管狭窄、手术操作复杂的患者,可将较高的术中Tc-eMEP振幅下降值(≥42.5%)作为警报标准。
