针对青海高原及高寒地区小麦生产氮肥施用量高、温室气体排放量大等问题,探究绿肥不同还田方式及小麦季不同施氮量对小麦农田温室气体排放和产量的影响,为该区小麦可持续生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。试验于2023—2024年在青海大学农林...针对青海高原及高寒地区小麦生产氮肥施用量高、温室气体排放量大等问题,探究绿肥不同还田方式及小麦季不同施氮量对小麦农田温室气体排放和产量的影响,为该区小麦可持续生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。试验于2023—2024年在青海大学农林科学院试验站进行,采用裂区试验设计,主区为小麦季3个施氮水平:常规施氮(225kg hm^(–2), N2)、减施氮肥30%(158 kg hm^(–2), N1)和不施氮(0 kg hm^(–2), N0);裂区基于上一年度绿肥设置3种还田方式:地上部移除仅根茬还田(RR)、地上部过腹联合根茬还田(SDRR)、地上部及根茬全量还田(RROS)。结果表明,减氮30%结合绿肥过腹+根茬还田(N1SDRR)处理显著降低温室气体排放:CO_(2)排放总量较减氮30%全量还田(N1RROS)降低4.2%;N_(2)O排放总量、CH4吸收总量较N1RROS降低19.1%、提升15.8%;全球增温潜势(GWP)较N1RROS降低5.0%。N1SDRR处理小麦籽粒产量较N1RROS提高4.1%,温室气体排放强度(GHGI)较N1RROS降低14.6%,实现减排稳产。此外, N1SDRR处理土壤有机质、铵态氮含量较N1RROS提升9.1%、22.8%,土壤硝态氮含量较N1RROS降低10.0%;土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性较N1RROS分别提高3.2%、7.8%,但土壤亚硝酸还原酶、硝酸还原酶活性分别降低11.9%、5.7%,表明该模式通过提升土壤有机质、调控铵/硝态氮平衡同步降低温室气体排放并维持生产力。随机森林模型进一步表明,土壤蔗糖酶、籽粒产量及土壤有机质是调控温室气体排放强度的关键因子,优化施氮与绿肥还田方式会对土壤碳、氮含量产生影响,可显著降低单位产量碳排放。因此,氮肥减施30%结合绿肥地上部过腹联合根茬还田可改善土壤理化因子和酶活性,有效降低温室气体排放,稳定小麦籽粒产量,是青海高原及高寒地区小麦农田稳产减排的适宜管理措施。展开更多
Wetlands play an important ecological role and provide many functions for people, yet wetlands are cur- rently decreasing and deteriorating. The ability to calculate an economic value for the loss of wetlands is becom...Wetlands play an important ecological role and provide many functions for people, yet wetlands are cur- rently decreasing and deteriorating. The ability to calculate an economic value for the loss of wetlands is becoming in- creasingly important for policy makers. In this study, remote sensing, field investigations, department visits, and other methods were used to survey wetland types, assess wetland area changes, and calculate wetland economic value. Mar- ket value loss and ecological ftmction value loss, caused by reduction of wetland area and environmental pollution were calculated using commonly accepted methods of market valuation, ecological valuation, environmental protection investment cost analysis, and outcome parameters. According to market value loss and ecological function value loss, preliminarily fund allocation for wetland and ecological compensation was calculated. This will provide an important reference for future Yellow River Delta eco-compensation studies.展开更多
Investigation of rarely studied gravel layers found in the loess in Shandong Province,eastern China,reveals the fabric characteristics of two gravel layers(G1,G2)and the sedimentary characteristics of loess at the typ...Investigation of rarely studied gravel layers found in the loess in Shandong Province,eastern China,reveals the fabric characteristics of two gravel layers(G1,G2)and the sedimentary characteristics of loess at the typical and well-preserved Heiyu section(HY),where,to determine the paleoclimatic changes during Marine Isotope Stage 3a.Optically stimulated luminescence dates of the HY formation range from 0.26±0.02 ka to 39.00±2.00 ka.In addition,the ages of G1 and G2 were estimated using the Bayesian model to be 39.60-40.50 and 29.00-29.50 ka.G1 and G2 are mainly composed of fine and medium gravel,both of which were subangular to subrounded limestone,with gravel directions to NE and E.The average flow velocity,average depth,and flood peak flow of G1 are 1.10 m/s,0.49 m,and 37.04 m^(3)/s,respectively,calculated using the flow energy method,whereas those of G2 are 0.98 m/s,0.38 m,and 18.38 m^(3)/s,respectively.Analysis of climate proxy indices show that the sedimentary environment of the gravel and loess in HY might be a regional response to global change.展开更多
Based on data of monthly pan evaporation,temperature,precipitation,sunshine hours,wind speed,relative humidity,etc. in Benxi County during 1958-2012 from Meteorological Bureau of Benxi County,annual,seasonal and month...Based on data of monthly pan evaporation,temperature,precipitation,sunshine hours,wind speed,relative humidity,etc. in Benxi County during 1958-2012 from Meteorological Bureau of Benxi County,annual,seasonal and monthly changes and impact factors of pan evaporation in Benxi County in recent 55 years were analyzed. The results showed that annual evaporation in Benxi County showed a decreasing trend from 1958 to 2012,with the linear tendency rate of-12. 18 mm/10 a. Except that evaporation in spring decreased obviously,but evaporation in other seasons increased slightly in recent 55 years. Moreover,evaporation changes correlated with changes of average temperature,daily range of temperature,precipitation,sunshine hours,average wind speed and relative humidity,but the correlations between evaporation and each meteorological element were different in various seasons.展开更多
文摘针对青海高原及高寒地区小麦生产氮肥施用量高、温室气体排放量大等问题,探究绿肥不同还田方式及小麦季不同施氮量对小麦农田温室气体排放和产量的影响,为该区小麦可持续生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。试验于2023—2024年在青海大学农林科学院试验站进行,采用裂区试验设计,主区为小麦季3个施氮水平:常规施氮(225kg hm^(–2), N2)、减施氮肥30%(158 kg hm^(–2), N1)和不施氮(0 kg hm^(–2), N0);裂区基于上一年度绿肥设置3种还田方式:地上部移除仅根茬还田(RR)、地上部过腹联合根茬还田(SDRR)、地上部及根茬全量还田(RROS)。结果表明,减氮30%结合绿肥过腹+根茬还田(N1SDRR)处理显著降低温室气体排放:CO_(2)排放总量较减氮30%全量还田(N1RROS)降低4.2%;N_(2)O排放总量、CH4吸收总量较N1RROS降低19.1%、提升15.8%;全球增温潜势(GWP)较N1RROS降低5.0%。N1SDRR处理小麦籽粒产量较N1RROS提高4.1%,温室气体排放强度(GHGI)较N1RROS降低14.6%,实现减排稳产。此外, N1SDRR处理土壤有机质、铵态氮含量较N1RROS提升9.1%、22.8%,土壤硝态氮含量较N1RROS降低10.0%;土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性较N1RROS分别提高3.2%、7.8%,但土壤亚硝酸还原酶、硝酸还原酶活性分别降低11.9%、5.7%,表明该模式通过提升土壤有机质、调控铵/硝态氮平衡同步降低温室气体排放并维持生产力。随机森林模型进一步表明,土壤蔗糖酶、籽粒产量及土壤有机质是调控温室气体排放强度的关键因子,优化施氮与绿肥还田方式会对土壤碳、氮含量产生影响,可显著降低单位产量碳排放。因此,氮肥减施30%结合绿肥地上部过腹联合根茬还田可改善土壤理化因子和酶活性,有效降低温室气体排放,稳定小麦籽粒产量,是青海高原及高寒地区小麦农田稳产减排的适宜管理措施。
基金Under the auspices of Scientific and Technological Projects of Shandong Province (No. 2006GG2206019, 2007 GG30006002)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40901065)
文摘Wetlands play an important ecological role and provide many functions for people, yet wetlands are cur- rently decreasing and deteriorating. The ability to calculate an economic value for the loss of wetlands is becoming in- creasingly important for policy makers. In this study, remote sensing, field investigations, department visits, and other methods were used to survey wetland types, assess wetland area changes, and calculate wetland economic value. Mar- ket value loss and ecological ftmction value loss, caused by reduction of wetland area and environmental pollution were calculated using commonly accepted methods of market valuation, ecological valuation, environmental protection investment cost analysis, and outcome parameters. According to market value loss and ecological function value loss, preliminarily fund allocation for wetland and ecological compensation was calculated. This will provide an important reference for future Yellow River Delta eco-compensation studies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41472159,41172160,41371537).
文摘Investigation of rarely studied gravel layers found in the loess in Shandong Province,eastern China,reveals the fabric characteristics of two gravel layers(G1,G2)and the sedimentary characteristics of loess at the typical and well-preserved Heiyu section(HY),where,to determine the paleoclimatic changes during Marine Isotope Stage 3a.Optically stimulated luminescence dates of the HY formation range from 0.26±0.02 ka to 39.00±2.00 ka.In addition,the ages of G1 and G2 were estimated using the Bayesian model to be 39.60-40.50 and 29.00-29.50 ka.G1 and G2 are mainly composed of fine and medium gravel,both of which were subangular to subrounded limestone,with gravel directions to NE and E.The average flow velocity,average depth,and flood peak flow of G1 are 1.10 m/s,0.49 m,and 37.04 m^(3)/s,respectively,calculated using the flow energy method,whereas those of G2 are 0.98 m/s,0.38 m,and 18.38 m^(3)/s,respectively.Analysis of climate proxy indices show that the sedimentary environment of the gravel and loess in HY might be a regional response to global change.
文摘Based on data of monthly pan evaporation,temperature,precipitation,sunshine hours,wind speed,relative humidity,etc. in Benxi County during 1958-2012 from Meteorological Bureau of Benxi County,annual,seasonal and monthly changes and impact factors of pan evaporation in Benxi County in recent 55 years were analyzed. The results showed that annual evaporation in Benxi County showed a decreasing trend from 1958 to 2012,with the linear tendency rate of-12. 18 mm/10 a. Except that evaporation in spring decreased obviously,but evaporation in other seasons increased slightly in recent 55 years. Moreover,evaporation changes correlated with changes of average temperature,daily range of temperature,precipitation,sunshine hours,average wind speed and relative humidity,but the correlations between evaporation and each meteorological element were different in various seasons.
