Developing flexible actuators with high transport efficiency is of great significance for the emerging applications of micro-robots in various industrial and biomedical environments.Despite recent advancements have en...Developing flexible actuators with high transport efficiency is of great significance for the emerging applications of micro-robots in various industrial and biomedical environments.Despite recent advancements have enabled soft materials to achieve complex functionalities unattainable by traditional rigid robots,achieving high-speed transport performance for solid particles remains a significant challenge.Magnetic materials,as an integral component of scientific applications,have demonstrated substantial potential in areas such as biological imaging,catalysis,and energy storage.Inspired by the flexible,soft,and elastic microciliary structures of many organisms,a soft actuator decorated with magnetic microcilia was reported.This soft magnetic microciliary actuator achieves high speed(50 mm s^(-1))transport of solid microspheres by means of magnetic field regulate their surface morphology.Overcoming the limitations of prior studies in which the speed of motion was constrained to a few millimeters per second due to hysteresis effects,this work represents a significant advancement in the emerging field of biomimetic flexible actuators and holds promise in various applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND The high rebleeding rate and severe adverse events have raised concerns regarding the safety of endoscopic cyanoacrylate as a conventional treatment for gastric variceal hemorrhage.Clip-assisted endoscopic ...BACKGROUND The high rebleeding rate and severe adverse events have raised concerns regarding the safety of endoscopic cyanoacrylate as a conventional treatment for gastric variceal hemorrhage.Clip-assisted endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection(Clip-CYA)and endoscopic ultrasound-guided coil and cyanoacrylate injection(EUS-CG)are two currently used modalities.There are limited data comparing the two techniques.AIM To compare the efficacy,safety,and procedural characteristics of Clip-CYA vs EUS-CG for treatment of gastric varices(GVs)with spontaneous portosystemic shunts.METHODS Between April 2019 and August 2023,162 patients with GVs and concomitant gastrorenal or splenorenal shunts who underwent either Clip-CYA or EUS-CG at our center were included.After 1:2 propensity score matching,108 patients were included in the final analysis.The evaluated outcomes included the amount of cyanoacrylate,eradication of GVs,cyanoacrylate embolization,all-cause rebleeding,operating time and endoscopic therapy costs.RESULTS Of the 108 patients,72(male,83.3%;mean age,56.2±10.8 years)received Clip-CYA,and 36(male,72.2%;mean age,59.1±10.7 years)received EUS-CG.The amount of cyanoacrylate used,rates of obliteration of GVs and all-cause rebleeding were similar between the two groups(2.0±1.1 mL vs 2.0±0.6 mL,P=0.913;91.7%vs 94.4%,P=0.603;and 23.6%vs 19.4%,P=0.623,respectively).No cyanoacrylate embolization occurred in either group.Compared with EUS-CG,Clip-CYA was associated with significantly shorter operating times(24.0±9.9 minutes vs 47.1±21.0 minutes,P<0.001)and lower endoscopic therapy costs(7523.4±5719.4 Chinese yuan vs 11153.7±7679.1 Chinese yuan,P=0.007).These advantages persisted in the subgroup analysis of patients whose GVs had a maximum diameter>3 cm or>4 cm.CONCLUSION Compared with EUS-CG,Clip-CYA of GVs appears to be a safe procedure with shorter operating times and lower endoscopic therapy costs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Allyl isothiocyanate(AITC),a classic anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic agent,was recently identified as a potential treatment for obesity and insulin resistance.However,little is known about its direct ...BACKGROUND Allyl isothiocyanate(AITC),a classic anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic agent,was recently identified as a potential treatment for obesity and insulin resistance.However,little is known about its direct impact on the liver.AIM To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of AITC in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(commonly referred to as NAFLD).METHODS To establish a mouse and cellular model of NAFLD,C57BL/6 mice were fed a high fat diet(HFD)for 8 wk,and AML-12 cells were treated with 200μM palmitate acid for 24 h.For AITC treatment,mice were administered AITC(100 mg/kg/d)orally and AML-12 cells were treated with AITC(20μmol/L).RESULTS AITC significantly ameliorated HFD-induced weight gain,hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in vivo.Furthermore,serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were markedly reduced in AITC-treated mice.Mechanistically,AITC significantly downregulated the protein levels of sterol regulatory elementbinding protein 1(SREBP1)and its lipogenesis target genes and upregulated the levels of proteins involved in fatty acidβ-oxidation,as well as the upstream mediators Sirtuin 1(Sirt1)and AMPactivated protein kinaseα(AMPKα),in the livers of HFD-fed mice.AITC also attenuated the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Consistently,AITC relieved palmitate acid-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation in AML-12 cells in vitro through the Sirt1/AMPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.Importantly,further studies showed that the curative effect of AITC on lipid accumulation was abolished by siRNA-mediated knockdown of either Sirt1 or AMPKαin AML-12 cells.CONCLUSION AITC significantly ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation by activating the Sirt1/AMPK pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.Therefore,AITC is a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Efforts should be made to develop a deep-learning diagnosis system to distinguish pancreatic cancer from benign tissue due to the high morbidity of pancreatic cancer.AIM To identify pancreatic cancer in com...BACKGROUND Efforts should be made to develop a deep-learning diagnosis system to distinguish pancreatic cancer from benign tissue due to the high morbidity of pancreatic cancer.AIM To identify pancreatic cancer in computed tomography(CT)images automatically by constructing a convolutional neural network(CNN)classifier.METHODS A CNN model was constructed using a dataset of 3494 CT images obtained from 222 patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic cancer and 3751 CT images from 190 patients with normal pancreas from June 2017 to June 2018.We established three datasets from these images according to the image phases,evaluated the approach in terms of binary classification(i.e.,cancer or not)and ternary classification(i.e.,no cancer,cancer at tail/body,cancer at head/neck of the pancreas)using 10-fold cross validation,and measured the effectiveness of the RESULTS The overall diagnostic accuracy of the trained binary classifier was 95.47%,95.76%,95.15%on the plain scan,arterial phase,and venous phase,respectively.The sensitivity was 91.58%,94.08%,92.28%on three phases,with no significant differences(χ2=0.914,P=0.633).Considering that the plain phase had same sensitivity,easier access,and lower radiation compared with arterial phase and venous phase,it is more sufficient for the binary classifier.Its accuracy on plain scans was 95.47%,sensitivity was 91.58%,and specificity was 98.27%.The CNN and board-certified gastroenterologists achieved higher accuracies than trainees on plain scan diagnosis(χ2=21.534,P<0.001;χ2=9.524,P<0.05;respectively).However,the difference between CNN and gastroenterologists was not significant(χ2=0.759,P=0.384).In the trained ternary classifier,the overall diagnostic accuracy of the ternary classifier CNN was 82.06%,79.06%,and 78.80%on plain phase,arterial phase,and venous phase,respectively.The sensitivity scores for detecting cancers in the tail were 52.51%,41.10%and,36.03%,while sensitivity for cancers in the head was 46.21%,85.24%and 72.87%on three phases,respectively.Difference in sensitivity for cancers in the head among the three phases was significant(χ2=16.651,P<0.001),with arterial phase having the highest sensitivity.CONCLUSION We proposed a deep learning-based pancreatic cancer classifier trained on medium-sized datasets of CT images.It was suitable for screening purposes in pancreatic cancer detection.展开更多
With an extended Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model and Green's function method, the spin–orbit coupling(SOC) effects on spin admixture of electronic states and quantum transport in organic devices are investigated. Th...With an extended Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model and Green's function method, the spin–orbit coupling(SOC) effects on spin admixture of electronic states and quantum transport in organic devices are investigated. The role of lattice distortion induced by the strong electron–lattice interaction in organics is clarified in contrast with a uniform chain. The results demonstrate an enhanced SOC effect on the spin admixture of frontier eigenstates by the lattice distortion at a larger SOC,which is explained by the perturbation theory. The quantum transport under the SOC is calculated for both nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic electrodes. A more notable SOC effect on total transmission and current is observed for ferromagnetic electrodes, where spin filtering induced by spin-flipped transmission and suppression of magnetoresistance are obtained.Unlike the spin admixture, a stronger SOC effect on transmission exists for the uniform chain rather than the organic lattices with distortion. The reason is attributed to the modified spin-polarized conducting states in the electrodes by lattice configuration, and hence the spin-flip transmission, instead of the spin admixture of eigenstates. This work is helpful to understand the SOC effect in organic spin valves in the presence of lattice distortion.展开更多
Evapotranspiration(ET)is a crucial variable in the terrestrial water,carbon,and energy cycles.At present,a large number of multi source ET products exist.Due to sparse observations,however,great challenges exist in th...Evapotranspiration(ET)is a crucial variable in the terrestrial water,carbon,and energy cycles.At present,a large number of multi source ET products exist.Due to sparse observations,however,great challenges exist in the evaluation and integration of ET products in remote and complex areas such as the Tibetan Plateau(TP).In this paper,the applicability of the multiple collocation(MC)method over the TP is evaluated for the first time,and the uncertainty of multisource ET products(based on reanalysis,remote sensing,and land surface models)is further analyzed,which provides a theoretical basis for ET data fusion.The results show that(1)ET uncertainties quantified via the MC method are lower in RS-based ET products(5.95 vs.7.06 mm month^(-1))than in LSM ET products(10.22 vs.17.97 mm month^(-1))and reanalysis ET estimates(7.27 vs.12.26 mm month-1).(2)A multisource evapotranspiration(MET)dataset is generated at a monthly temporal scale with a spatial resolution of 0.25°across the TP during 2005-15.MET has better performance than any individual product.(3)Based on the fusion product,the total ET amount over the TP and its patterns of spatiotemporal variability are clearly identified.The annual total ET over the entire TP is approximately 380.60 mm.Additionally,an increasing trend of 1.59±0.85 mm yr^(-1)over the TP is shown during 2005-15.This study provides a basis for future studies on water and energy cycles and water resource management over the TP and surrounding regions.展开更多
Austenite grain growth behavior of two high carbon steels was observed using Confocal l.aser Scanning Mi croscope （CLSM）. Apparent austenite grain sizes for different holding time under a series of temperatures were...Austenite grain growth behavior of two high carbon steels was observed using Confocal l.aser Scanning Mi croscope （CLSM）. Apparent austenite grain sizes for different holding time under a series of temperatures were measured by employing linear intercept method. Experimental results showed that Ti bearing steel exhibited a much sluggish growth rate compared with Ti free counterpart, which was attributed to the pinning effect of Ti（C,N） nan oparticles with the size of 20 to 40 nm on austenite grain boundaries. Based on the research conducted by using Transmission Electron Microscope （TEM） observation and Thermo Calc calculation, Ti（C, N） was confirmed to be the dominant phase at elevated temperature. Some models were introduced to predict the grain sizes of both steels. By comparison, the results predicted by the modified Gladman equation are found to be closest to the experimental resuits, which could be employed to predict accurately the austenite grain growth of high carbon steels.展开更多
A new low-cost corrosion-resistant rebar（HRB400R）was designed and fabricated by Cr micro-alloying.The HRB400 Rrebar had uniform distribution of Cr element in ferrite grains.The corrosion behavior of the rebar in the...A new low-cost corrosion-resistant rebar（HRB400R）was designed and fabricated by Cr micro-alloying.The HRB400 Rrebar had uniform distribution of Cr element in ferrite grains.The corrosion behavior of the rebar in the neutral Cl^--containing environment was studied systematically,and the improved corrosion resistance of the HRB400 Rrebar was revealed.According to the corrosion-morphology observation and electrochemical monitoring during the constant immersion corrosion in the 3.5mass% NaCl solution,the HRB400 Rrebar presented alleviated corrosion damage,nobler Ecorr,lower Icorr,and larger Rtvalues,and these phenomena were more remarkable in the initial corrosion period.The elevated electrode potential of the rebar,caused by the solid-solution of Cr micro-alloying in the ferrite grains,was the key to the corrosion-resistance improvement.The HRB400 Rrebar also presented much lower mass-loss rate in the salt spray corrosion test.Besides the elevated corrosion resistance of the matrix,the doping and enrichment of Cr element in the rust layer was another factor for the higher corrosion resistance,which retarded the penetration of aggressive medium through the rust layer.展开更多
Controllable transportation of bubbles in surfactant or aqueous is very important in daily chemical products,food fermentation,mineral flotation and other fields.However,bubbles are mainly dominated by buoyancy and mo...Controllable transportation of bubbles in surfactant or aqueous is very important in daily chemical products,food fermentation,mineral flotation and other fields.However,bubbles are mainly dominated by buoyancy and move upward in solution,which makes the manipulation of bubbles difficult.Although some progress has been made in controlling underwater bubbles,achieving continuous transportation and collection of underwater bubbles without relying on external forces is still a great challenge.To this end,we bionically designed a flexible polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)porous surface with dual-Janus characteristics.Namely,a porous PDMS membrane integrating structural gradient and wettability gradient realizes the underwater anti-buoyancy unidirectional transportation of bubbles without external force input,and possesses the capability of underwater gas anti-buoyancy transportation and storage.This work provides inspiration and direction for the development and design of underwater gas transportation and storage devices and provides innovative thinking for the implementation of seabed carbon dioxide storage technology.展开更多
Background:Trichophyton rubrum represents the most common infectious fungus responsible for dermatophytosis in human,but the mechanism involved is still not completely understood.An appropriate model constructed to si...Background:Trichophyton rubrum represents the most common infectious fungus responsible for dermatophytosis in human,but the mechanism involved is still not completely understood.An appropriate model constructed to simulate host infection is the prerequisite to study the pathogenesis of dernlatophytosis caused by T..rubrum.In this study,we intended to develop a new T.rubrum infection model in vitro,using the three-dimensional reconstructed epidermis-EpiSkin,and to pave the way for further investigation of the mechanisms involved in T.rubrum infection.Methods:The reconstructed human epidermis(RHE)was infected by inoculating low-dose(400 conidia)and high-dose(4000 conidia)T.rubrum conidia to optimize the infection dose.During the various periods after infection,the samples were processed for pathological examination and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation.Results:The histological analysis of RHE revealed a fully differentiated epidermis with a functional stratum corneum,which was analogous to the normal human epidermis.The results of hematoxylin and eosin staining and the periodic acid-Schiff staining showed that the infection dose of 400 conidia was in accord with the pathological characteristics of host dermatophytosis caused by T.rubrum.SEM observations further exhibited the process of 77 ruhrum infection in an intuitionistic way,Conclusions:We established the T.rubrum infection model on RHE in vitro successfully.It is a promising model fbr further investigation of the mechanisms involved in T.rubrum infection.展开更多
Sampling-based planning algorithm is a powerful tool for solving planning problems in highdimensional state spaces.In this article,we present a novel approach to sampling in the most promising regions,which significan...Sampling-based planning algorithm is a powerful tool for solving planning problems in highdimensional state spaces.In this article,we present a novel approach to sampling in the most promising regions,which significantly reduces planning time-consumption.The RRT#algorithm defines the Relevant Region based on the cost-to-come provided by the optimal forward-searching tree.However,it uses the cumulative cost of a direct connection between the current state and the goal state as the cost-to-go.To improve the path planning efficiency,we propose a batch sampling method that samples in a refined Relevant Region with a direct sampling strategy,which is defined according to the optimal cost-to-come and the adaptive cost-to-go,taking advantage of various sources of heuristic information.The proposed sampling approach allows the algorithm to build the search tree in the direction of the most promising area,resulting in a superior initial solution quality and reducing the overall computation time compared to related work.To validate the effectiveness of our method,we conducted several simulations in both SE(2)and SE(3)state spaces.And the simulation results demonstrate the superiorities of proposed algorithm.展开更多
Photocaged fluorophores with photoactivatable characteristics presented important applications in imaging the biological structures and processes.Taking advantage of their super-resolution imaging merits to manipulate...Photocaged fluorophores with photoactivatable characteristics presented important applications in imaging the biological structures and processes.Taking advantage of their super-resolution imaging merits to manipulate and visualize anti-cancer treatment is always a goal of modern clinical medicine.Traditional photodynamic therapy(PDT) is a noninvasive treatment but limited in intracellular oxygen content.Type I PDT and photoacid therapy(PAT) are two effective supplements of traditional PDT especially in hypoxic condition.Herein,a novel white-light-driven fluorescence switch(7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazol-7-yl)(2-iodophenyl)methanone(2IB) was designed and synthesized as an unprecedent “all in one” platform for stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy(STORM) imaging guided Type Ⅰ/Ⅱ PDT and PAT.The experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the working mechanism is based on two competing paths under excitation:photosensitization and photocyclization reaction.Efficient intersystem crossing(ISC) ensured the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) for PDT,while low energy barrier facilitated the photocyclization reaction that simultaneously yielded emissive fluorophores(2IBC) and H^(+) for super-resolution imaging and photoacid,respectively.Impressively,the fluorescent intensity of mitochondria-targeted 2IBC was positively correlated with treatment efficacy,which is beneficial to spatiotemporally visualized therapeutic process and outcome.As a result,superior anti-tumor performance was achieved in vitro and in vivo.This contribution provided a multifunctional nanodrug paradigm for multimode cancer diagnosis and treatment.展开更多
The preparation of graphene-based conductive inks and their application in the field of flexible electronics have been extensively studied.However,improving the conductivity of the printed patterns always induces the ...The preparation of graphene-based conductive inks and their application in the field of flexible electronics have been extensively studied.However,improving the conductivity of the printed patterns always induces the neglect of the rheological properties of the graphene-based conductive inks or the mechanical properties of the as-printed patterns.In this study,the p-type doping of graphene with CuCl_(2)as the dopant is realized through liquid phase reaction,and the doped graphene powders are used to prepare the graphenebased conductive inks with a conductivity of 3.13×10^(4)S m^(-1).Subsequently,to simplify the preparation of inks,CuCl_(2)is directly added into the graphene-based conductive inks,achieving the p-type doped graphene ink with the conductivity of 3.64×10^(4)S m^(-1).The read range of ultrahigh-frequency radio frequency identification antenna and the temperature of the flexible electrothermal film printed with the CuCl_(2)-doped graphene-based conductive inks can reach 7.15 m and 200℃,respectively when the equivalent isotropically radiated power is equal to 4 W and the input power density is 0.94 W cm^(-2).Moreover,good rheological properties of the conductive inks and high mechanical properties of the printed patterns are also obtained.展开更多
A fundamental task in robotics is to plan collision-free motions among a set of obstacles.Recently,learning-based motion-planning methods have shown significant advantages in solving different planning problems in hig...A fundamental task in robotics is to plan collision-free motions among a set of obstacles.Recently,learning-based motion-planning methods have shown significant advantages in solving different planning problems in high-dimensional spaces and complex environments.This article serves as a survey of various different learning-based methods that have been applied to robot motion-planning problems,including supervised,unsupervised learning,and reinforcement learning.These learning-based methods either rely on a human-crafted reward function for specific tasks or learn from successful planning experiences.The classical definition and learning-related definition of motion-planning problem are provided in this article.Different learning-based motion-planning algorithms are introduced,and the combination of classical motion-planning and learning techniques is discussed in detail.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22105014 and 52472293)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2020M680296 and 2022T150035)+3 种基金the High-level Talent Project of Shenyang Ligong University(Nos.1010147001302)the Special fund of Basic Scientific Research Expenses for Undergraduate Universities in Liaoning Province(Nos.LJ212410144077 and LJ212410144072)Beijing Young Talent Support Program,the 111 Projectthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Developing flexible actuators with high transport efficiency is of great significance for the emerging applications of micro-robots in various industrial and biomedical environments.Despite recent advancements have enabled soft materials to achieve complex functionalities unattainable by traditional rigid robots,achieving high-speed transport performance for solid particles remains a significant challenge.Magnetic materials,as an integral component of scientific applications,have demonstrated substantial potential in areas such as biological imaging,catalysis,and energy storage.Inspired by the flexible,soft,and elastic microciliary structures of many organisms,a soft actuator decorated with magnetic microcilia was reported.This soft magnetic microciliary actuator achieves high speed(50 mm s^(-1))transport of solid microspheres by means of magnetic field regulate their surface morphology.Overcoming the limitations of prior studies in which the speed of motion was constrained to a few millimeters per second due to hysteresis effects,this work represents a significant advancement in the emerging field of biomimetic flexible actuators and holds promise in various applications.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82200664the Clinical Research Program of The First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,No.BL2025023.
文摘BACKGROUND The high rebleeding rate and severe adverse events have raised concerns regarding the safety of endoscopic cyanoacrylate as a conventional treatment for gastric variceal hemorrhage.Clip-assisted endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection(Clip-CYA)and endoscopic ultrasound-guided coil and cyanoacrylate injection(EUS-CG)are two currently used modalities.There are limited data comparing the two techniques.AIM To compare the efficacy,safety,and procedural characteristics of Clip-CYA vs EUS-CG for treatment of gastric varices(GVs)with spontaneous portosystemic shunts.METHODS Between April 2019 and August 2023,162 patients with GVs and concomitant gastrorenal or splenorenal shunts who underwent either Clip-CYA or EUS-CG at our center were included.After 1:2 propensity score matching,108 patients were included in the final analysis.The evaluated outcomes included the amount of cyanoacrylate,eradication of GVs,cyanoacrylate embolization,all-cause rebleeding,operating time and endoscopic therapy costs.RESULTS Of the 108 patients,72(male,83.3%;mean age,56.2±10.8 years)received Clip-CYA,and 36(male,72.2%;mean age,59.1±10.7 years)received EUS-CG.The amount of cyanoacrylate used,rates of obliteration of GVs and all-cause rebleeding were similar between the two groups(2.0±1.1 mL vs 2.0±0.6 mL,P=0.913;91.7%vs 94.4%,P=0.603;and 23.6%vs 19.4%,P=0.623,respectively).No cyanoacrylate embolization occurred in either group.Compared with EUS-CG,Clip-CYA was associated with significantly shorter operating times(24.0±9.9 minutes vs 47.1±21.0 minutes,P<0.001)and lower endoscopic therapy costs(7523.4±5719.4 Chinese yuan vs 11153.7±7679.1 Chinese yuan,P=0.007).These advantages persisted in the subgroup analysis of patients whose GVs had a maximum diameter>3 cm or>4 cm.CONCLUSION Compared with EUS-CG,Clip-CYA of GVs appears to be a safe procedure with shorter operating times and lower endoscopic therapy costs.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81700504 and No.81700511Science Foundation of Health Bureau of Zhejiang Province,No.2017183691+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LY17H030006 and No.LQ15H030002Zhejiang Medical Science and Technology Project,No.2017193668
文摘BACKGROUND Allyl isothiocyanate(AITC),a classic anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic agent,was recently identified as a potential treatment for obesity and insulin resistance.However,little is known about its direct impact on the liver.AIM To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of AITC in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(commonly referred to as NAFLD).METHODS To establish a mouse and cellular model of NAFLD,C57BL/6 mice were fed a high fat diet(HFD)for 8 wk,and AML-12 cells were treated with 200μM palmitate acid for 24 h.For AITC treatment,mice were administered AITC(100 mg/kg/d)orally and AML-12 cells were treated with AITC(20μmol/L).RESULTS AITC significantly ameliorated HFD-induced weight gain,hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in vivo.Furthermore,serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were markedly reduced in AITC-treated mice.Mechanistically,AITC significantly downregulated the protein levels of sterol regulatory elementbinding protein 1(SREBP1)and its lipogenesis target genes and upregulated the levels of proteins involved in fatty acidβ-oxidation,as well as the upstream mediators Sirtuin 1(Sirt1)and AMPactivated protein kinaseα(AMPKα),in the livers of HFD-fed mice.AITC also attenuated the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Consistently,AITC relieved palmitate acid-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation in AML-12 cells in vitro through the Sirt1/AMPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.Importantly,further studies showed that the curative effect of AITC on lipid accumulation was abolished by siRNA-mediated knockdown of either Sirt1 or AMPKαin AML-12 cells.CONCLUSION AITC significantly ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation by activating the Sirt1/AMPK pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.Therefore,AITC is a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81900509Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.2018XZZX002-10High-Level Talents Special Support Plan of Zhejiang Province(known as the Ten Thousand Talents Plan),No.ZJWR0108008.
文摘BACKGROUND Efforts should be made to develop a deep-learning diagnosis system to distinguish pancreatic cancer from benign tissue due to the high morbidity of pancreatic cancer.AIM To identify pancreatic cancer in computed tomography(CT)images automatically by constructing a convolutional neural network(CNN)classifier.METHODS A CNN model was constructed using a dataset of 3494 CT images obtained from 222 patients with pathologically confirmed pancreatic cancer and 3751 CT images from 190 patients with normal pancreas from June 2017 to June 2018.We established three datasets from these images according to the image phases,evaluated the approach in terms of binary classification(i.e.,cancer or not)and ternary classification(i.e.,no cancer,cancer at tail/body,cancer at head/neck of the pancreas)using 10-fold cross validation,and measured the effectiveness of the RESULTS The overall diagnostic accuracy of the trained binary classifier was 95.47%,95.76%,95.15%on the plain scan,arterial phase,and venous phase,respectively.The sensitivity was 91.58%,94.08%,92.28%on three phases,with no significant differences(χ2=0.914,P=0.633).Considering that the plain phase had same sensitivity,easier access,and lower radiation compared with arterial phase and venous phase,it is more sufficient for the binary classifier.Its accuracy on plain scans was 95.47%,sensitivity was 91.58%,and specificity was 98.27%.The CNN and board-certified gastroenterologists achieved higher accuracies than trainees on plain scan diagnosis(χ2=21.534,P<0.001;χ2=9.524,P<0.05;respectively).However,the difference between CNN and gastroenterologists was not significant(χ2=0.759,P=0.384).In the trained ternary classifier,the overall diagnostic accuracy of the ternary classifier CNN was 82.06%,79.06%,and 78.80%on plain phase,arterial phase,and venous phase,respectively.The sensitivity scores for detecting cancers in the tail were 52.51%,41.10%and,36.03%,while sensitivity for cancers in the head was 46.21%,85.24%and 72.87%on three phases,respectively.Difference in sensitivity for cancers in the head among the three phases was significant(χ2=16.651,P<0.001),with arterial phase having the highest sensitivity.CONCLUSION We proposed a deep learning-based pancreatic cancer classifier trained on medium-sized datasets of CT images.It was suitable for screening purposes in pancreatic cancer detection.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11974215,21933002,and 12274264)。
文摘With an extended Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model and Green's function method, the spin–orbit coupling(SOC) effects on spin admixture of electronic states and quantum transport in organic devices are investigated. The role of lattice distortion induced by the strong electron–lattice interaction in organics is clarified in contrast with a uniform chain. The results demonstrate an enhanced SOC effect on the spin admixture of frontier eigenstates by the lattice distortion at a larger SOC,which is explained by the perturbation theory. The quantum transport under the SOC is calculated for both nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic electrodes. A more notable SOC effect on total transmission and current is observed for ferromagnetic electrodes, where spin filtering induced by spin-flipped transmission and suppression of magnetoresistance are obtained.Unlike the spin admixture, a stronger SOC effect on transmission exists for the uniform chain rather than the organic lattices with distortion. The reason is attributed to the modified spin-polarized conducting states in the electrodes by lattice configuration, and hence the spin-flip transmission, instead of the spin admixture of eigenstates. This work is helpful to understand the SOC effect in organic spin valves in the presence of lattice distortion.
基金funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41875031,42230610,41522501,41275028)CLIMATE-Pan-TPE in the framework of the ESA-MOST Dragon 5 Programme(Grant ID 58516)。
文摘Evapotranspiration(ET)is a crucial variable in the terrestrial water,carbon,and energy cycles.At present,a large number of multi source ET products exist.Due to sparse observations,however,great challenges exist in the evaluation and integration of ET products in remote and complex areas such as the Tibetan Plateau(TP).In this paper,the applicability of the multiple collocation(MC)method over the TP is evaluated for the first time,and the uncertainty of multisource ET products(based on reanalysis,remote sensing,and land surface models)is further analyzed,which provides a theoretical basis for ET data fusion.The results show that(1)ET uncertainties quantified via the MC method are lower in RS-based ET products(5.95 vs.7.06 mm month^(-1))than in LSM ET products(10.22 vs.17.97 mm month^(-1))and reanalysis ET estimates(7.27 vs.12.26 mm month-1).(2)A multisource evapotranspiration(MET)dataset is generated at a monthly temporal scale with a spatial resolution of 0.25°across the TP during 2005-15.MET has better performance than any individual product.(3)Based on the fusion product,the total ET amount over the TP and its patterns of spatiotemporal variability are clearly identified.The annual total ET over the entire TP is approximately 380.60 mm.Additionally,an increasing trend of 1.59±0.85 mm yr^(-1)over the TP is shown during 2005-15.This study provides a basis for future studies on water and energy cycles and water resource management over the TP and surrounding regions.
基金Item Sponsored by Jiangsu Province Science and Technology Support Project of China(BE2009073)
文摘Austenite grain growth behavior of two high carbon steels was observed using Confocal l.aser Scanning Mi croscope （CLSM）. Apparent austenite grain sizes for different holding time under a series of temperatures were measured by employing linear intercept method. Experimental results showed that Ti bearing steel exhibited a much sluggish growth rate compared with Ti free counterpart, which was attributed to the pinning effect of Ti（C,N） nan oparticles with the size of 20 to 40 nm on austenite grain boundaries. Based on the research conducted by using Transmission Electron Microscope （TEM） observation and Thermo Calc calculation, Ti（C, N） was confirmed to be the dominant phase at elevated temperature. Some models were introduced to predict the grain sizes of both steels. By comparison, the results predicted by the modified Gladman equation are found to be closest to the experimental resuits, which could be employed to predict accurately the austenite grain growth of high carbon steels.
基金Item Sponsored by National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB655100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51308111+4 种基金51278098)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2013M531249)Industry-University-Research Cooperative Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province of China(BY2013091)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(1202008C)Applied Research Foundation of Nantong City of Jiangsu Province of China(BK2013001)
文摘A new low-cost corrosion-resistant rebar（HRB400R）was designed and fabricated by Cr micro-alloying.The HRB400 Rrebar had uniform distribution of Cr element in ferrite grains.The corrosion behavior of the rebar in the neutral Cl^--containing environment was studied systematically,and the improved corrosion resistance of the HRB400 Rrebar was revealed.According to the corrosion-morphology observation and electrochemical monitoring during the constant immersion corrosion in the 3.5mass% NaCl solution,the HRB400 Rrebar presented alleviated corrosion damage,nobler Ecorr,lower Icorr,and larger Rtvalues,and these phenomena were more remarkable in the initial corrosion period.The elevated electrode potential of the rebar,caused by the solid-solution of Cr micro-alloying in the ferrite grains,was the key to the corrosion-resistance improvement.The HRB400 Rrebar also presented much lower mass-loss rate in the salt spray corrosion test.Besides the elevated corrosion resistance of the matrix,the doping and enrichment of Cr element in the rust layer was another factor for the higher corrosion resistance,which retarded the penetration of aggressive medium through the rust layer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22105014,21871020,52303143)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2020M680296,2022T150035,2021TQ0023)+4 种基金the High-level Talent Project of Shenyang Ligong Universitythe Special fund of Basic Scientific Research Expenses for Undergraduate Universities in Liaoning Province (LJ212410144077,LJ212410144072)the Beijing Young Talent Support Programthe 111 Projectthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Controllable transportation of bubbles in surfactant or aqueous is very important in daily chemical products,food fermentation,mineral flotation and other fields.However,bubbles are mainly dominated by buoyancy and move upward in solution,which makes the manipulation of bubbles difficult.Although some progress has been made in controlling underwater bubbles,achieving continuous transportation and collection of underwater bubbles without relying on external forces is still a great challenge.To this end,we bionically designed a flexible polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)porous surface with dual-Janus characteristics.Namely,a porous PDMS membrane integrating structural gradient and wettability gradient realizes the underwater anti-buoyancy unidirectional transportation of bubbles without external force input,and possesses the capability of underwater gas anti-buoyancy transportation and storage.This work provides inspiration and direction for the development and design of underwater gas transportation and storage devices and provides innovative thinking for the implementation of seabed carbon dioxide storage technology.
基金supported by the grants from Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(No.030313137)the Special Fund for Young Scientists of Third AffiliatedHospital of Sun Yat-sen University(No.A1286).
文摘Background:Trichophyton rubrum represents the most common infectious fungus responsible for dermatophytosis in human,but the mechanism involved is still not completely understood.An appropriate model constructed to simulate host infection is the prerequisite to study the pathogenesis of dernlatophytosis caused by T..rubrum.In this study,we intended to develop a new T.rubrum infection model in vitro,using the three-dimensional reconstructed epidermis-EpiSkin,and to pave the way for further investigation of the mechanisms involved in T.rubrum infection.Methods:The reconstructed human epidermis(RHE)was infected by inoculating low-dose(400 conidia)and high-dose(4000 conidia)T.rubrum conidia to optimize the infection dose.During the various periods after infection,the samples were processed for pathological examination and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation.Results:The histological analysis of RHE revealed a fully differentiated epidermis with a functional stratum corneum,which was analogous to the normal human epidermis.The results of hematoxylin and eosin staining and the periodic acid-Schiff staining showed that the infection dose of 400 conidia was in accord with the pathological characteristics of host dermatophytosis caused by T.rubrum.SEM observations further exhibited the process of 77 ruhrum infection in an intuitionistic way,Conclusions:We established the T.rubrum infection model on RHE in vitro successfully.It is a promising model fbr further investigation of the mechanisms involved in T.rubrum infection.
基金supported by Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Robotics Perception and Intelligence(ZDSYS20200810171800001)the Hong Kong RGC GRF(14200618)awarded to Max Q.-H.Meng.
文摘Sampling-based planning algorithm is a powerful tool for solving planning problems in highdimensional state spaces.In this article,we present a novel approach to sampling in the most promising regions,which significantly reduces planning time-consumption.The RRT#algorithm defines the Relevant Region based on the cost-to-come provided by the optimal forward-searching tree.However,it uses the cumulative cost of a direct connection between the current state and the goal state as the cost-to-go.To improve the path planning efficiency,we propose a batch sampling method that samples in a refined Relevant Region with a direct sampling strategy,which is defined according to the optimal cost-to-come and the adaptive cost-to-go,taking advantage of various sources of heuristic information.The proposed sampling approach allows the algorithm to build the search tree in the direction of the most promising area,resulting in a superior initial solution quality and reducing the overall computation time compared to related work.To validate the effectiveness of our method,we conducted several simulations in both SE(2)and SE(3)state spaces.And the simulation results demonstrate the superiorities of proposed algorithm.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z210017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21774130,51925306)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018FYA 0305800)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDB-SSW-JSC046)the Strategic Priority Research ProgramChinese Academy of Sciences(XDB28000000)University of Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Photocaged fluorophores with photoactivatable characteristics presented important applications in imaging the biological structures and processes.Taking advantage of their super-resolution imaging merits to manipulate and visualize anti-cancer treatment is always a goal of modern clinical medicine.Traditional photodynamic therapy(PDT) is a noninvasive treatment but limited in intracellular oxygen content.Type I PDT and photoacid therapy(PAT) are two effective supplements of traditional PDT especially in hypoxic condition.Herein,a novel white-light-driven fluorescence switch(7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazol-7-yl)(2-iodophenyl)methanone(2IB) was designed and synthesized as an unprecedent “all in one” platform for stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy(STORM) imaging guided Type Ⅰ/Ⅱ PDT and PAT.The experimental and theoretical studies revealed that the working mechanism is based on two competing paths under excitation:photosensitization and photocyclization reaction.Efficient intersystem crossing(ISC) ensured the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) for PDT,while low energy barrier facilitated the photocyclization reaction that simultaneously yielded emissive fluorophores(2IBC) and H^(+) for super-resolution imaging and photoacid,respectively.Impressively,the fluorescent intensity of mitochondria-targeted 2IBC was positively correlated with treatment efficacy,which is beneficial to spatiotemporally visualized therapeutic process and outcome.As a result,superior anti-tumor performance was achieved in vitro and in vivo.This contribution provided a multifunctional nanodrug paradigm for multimode cancer diagnosis and treatment.
基金supported by the Special Funds for the Co-construction Project of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education。
文摘The preparation of graphene-based conductive inks and their application in the field of flexible electronics have been extensively studied.However,improving the conductivity of the printed patterns always induces the neglect of the rheological properties of the graphene-based conductive inks or the mechanical properties of the as-printed patterns.In this study,the p-type doping of graphene with CuCl_(2)as the dopant is realized through liquid phase reaction,and the doped graphene powders are used to prepare the graphenebased conductive inks with a conductivity of 3.13×10^(4)S m^(-1).Subsequently,to simplify the preparation of inks,CuCl_(2)is directly added into the graphene-based conductive inks,achieving the p-type doped graphene ink with the conductivity of 3.64×10^(4)S m^(-1).The read range of ultrahigh-frequency radio frequency identification antenna and the temperature of the flexible electrothermal film printed with the CuCl_(2)-doped graphene-based conductive inks can reach 7.15 m and 200℃,respectively when the equivalent isotropically radiated power is equal to 4 W and the input power density is 0.94 W cm^(-2).Moreover,good rheological properties of the conductive inks and high mechanical properties of the printed patterns are also obtained.
基金National Key R&D program of China,Grant/Award Number:2019YFB1312400Hong Kong RGC CRF grant,Grant/Award Number:#C4063-18GF+3 种基金Hong Kong RGC TRS grant,Grant/Award Number:#T42-409/18-RHong Kong RGC GRF grant,Grant/Award Number:#14200618Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation projects:JCYJ20170413161503220This research was funded by National Key R&D program of China with Grant No.2019YFB1312400,Hong Kong RGC GRF grant No.14200618,Hong Kong RGC TRS grant No.T42-409/18-R and Hong Kong RGC CRF grant No.C4063-18GF.
文摘A fundamental task in robotics is to plan collision-free motions among a set of obstacles.Recently,learning-based motion-planning methods have shown significant advantages in solving different planning problems in high-dimensional spaces and complex environments.This article serves as a survey of various different learning-based methods that have been applied to robot motion-planning problems,including supervised,unsupervised learning,and reinforcement learning.These learning-based methods either rely on a human-crafted reward function for specific tasks or learn from successful planning experiences.The classical definition and learning-related definition of motion-planning problem are provided in this article.Different learning-based motion-planning algorithms are introduced,and the combination of classical motion-planning and learning techniques is discussed in detail.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Z210017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21774130 and 51925306)the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(JCYJ20220530150604009)。
