Objective: To assess the insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles cracens(An.cracens) and Anopheles maculatus(An.maculatus) from knowlesi malaria endemic areas in Peninsular Malaysia towards DDT, malathion and d...Objective: To assess the insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles cracens(An.cracens) and Anopheles maculatus(An.maculatus) from knowlesi malaria endemic areas in Peninsular Malaysia towards DDT, malathion and deltamethrin and to determine the resistance mechanism involved.Methods: Adult and larval mosquitos were collected for surveillance.Susceptibility status of Anopheles was determined using the standard WHO adult bioassay, larval bioassay and biochemical enzyme assay.Results: WHO adult bioassay results indicated An.cracens collected from Kampung Sungai Ular, Pahang was resistant towards 4% DDT, while An.maculatus collected from Kampung Sokor, Kelantan and Kampung Sungai Lui, Selangor exhibited resistance towards 4% DDT.However, the enzyme activity profiles varied according to strains and species.The resistance ratio of larval bioassay, showed that all strains and species tested were susceptible to malathion and temephos.Conclusions: Since only a few anopheline strains exhibited low level of insecticide resistance towards malathion, DDT and temephos.These insecticides are still considered effective for vector control program towards An.cracens and An.maculatus.展开更多
Adult mosquito sampling techniques are essential for monitoring transmission of malaria and other mosquito borne infections. Preference for any sampling technique depends on both its field efficiency and the character...Adult mosquito sampling techniques are essential for monitoring transmission of malaria and other mosquito borne infections. Preference for any sampling technique depends on both its field efficiency and the characteristics of local vector populations. Surveys on adult mosquitoes using Human Landing Catch (HLC) and CO<sub>2</sub>-baited CDC light trap (CDC-LT) techniques were conducted in several knowlesi malaria endemic areas between the months of March to December 2012 in several states of Peninsula Malaysia. These two techniques were relatively compared to determine the preferences of anopheline mosquitoes towards CO<sub>2</sub>-baited CDC-LT technique using HLC technique as the reference method. Cx. gelidus, An. maculates and An. introlatus were the main three species collected by HLC technique, whereas the species collected by CO<sub>2</sub>-baited CDC-LT technique were mostly An. cracens, Ar. durhami and Coquillettidia species. Most of the Anopheles species were collected almost exclusively by the human collectors except for An. cracens and An. introlatus which were collected using both techniques. Anopheles cracens was the most dominant species captured using CO<sub>2</sub>-baited CDC-LT technique. This is the first report showing An. cracens was caught using CO<sub>2</sub>-baited CDC-LT technique in Malaysia.展开更多
文摘Objective: To assess the insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles cracens(An.cracens) and Anopheles maculatus(An.maculatus) from knowlesi malaria endemic areas in Peninsular Malaysia towards DDT, malathion and deltamethrin and to determine the resistance mechanism involved.Methods: Adult and larval mosquitos were collected for surveillance.Susceptibility status of Anopheles was determined using the standard WHO adult bioassay, larval bioassay and biochemical enzyme assay.Results: WHO adult bioassay results indicated An.cracens collected from Kampung Sungai Ular, Pahang was resistant towards 4% DDT, while An.maculatus collected from Kampung Sokor, Kelantan and Kampung Sungai Lui, Selangor exhibited resistance towards 4% DDT.However, the enzyme activity profiles varied according to strains and species.The resistance ratio of larval bioassay, showed that all strains and species tested were susceptible to malathion and temephos.Conclusions: Since only a few anopheline strains exhibited low level of insecticide resistance towards malathion, DDT and temephos.These insecticides are still considered effective for vector control program towards An.cracens and An.maculatus.
文摘Adult mosquito sampling techniques are essential for monitoring transmission of malaria and other mosquito borne infections. Preference for any sampling technique depends on both its field efficiency and the characteristics of local vector populations. Surveys on adult mosquitoes using Human Landing Catch (HLC) and CO<sub>2</sub>-baited CDC light trap (CDC-LT) techniques were conducted in several knowlesi malaria endemic areas between the months of March to December 2012 in several states of Peninsula Malaysia. These two techniques were relatively compared to determine the preferences of anopheline mosquitoes towards CO<sub>2</sub>-baited CDC-LT technique using HLC technique as the reference method. Cx. gelidus, An. maculates and An. introlatus were the main three species collected by HLC technique, whereas the species collected by CO<sub>2</sub>-baited CDC-LT technique were mostly An. cracens, Ar. durhami and Coquillettidia species. Most of the Anopheles species were collected almost exclusively by the human collectors except for An. cracens and An. introlatus which were collected using both techniques. Anopheles cracens was the most dominant species captured using CO<sub>2</sub>-baited CDC-LT technique. This is the first report showing An. cracens was caught using CO<sub>2</sub>-baited CDC-LT technique in Malaysia.
