Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by a complex pathogenesis.Weizmannia coagulans has emerged as a potential probiotic for treating intestinal disorders.This study aimed t...Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by a complex pathogenesis.Weizmannia coagulans has emerged as a potential probiotic for treating intestinal disorders.This study aimed to assess the therapeutic impact of W.coagulans BC99 on mice with DSS-induced UC and to elucidate its underlying mechanism of action.Our findings revealed that BC99 administration ameliorated symptoms associated with DSS-induced UC mice,as evidenced by reduced disease activity indexes,reversal of weight loss,and normalization of colon length.Furthermore,BC99 treatment also protected the integrity of the intestinal barrier through maintaining the antioxidant activity and the expression of tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and occludin),and regulating the inflammatory cytokines in DSS-induced UC mice.Additionally,BC99 supplementation enhanced the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)through the proliferation of SCFA-producing bacteria,including Bidobacterium,Blautia and Faecallbaculum.Notably,the NF-κB signaling pathway was found to be closely related to BC99 treatment in DSS-induced UC mice.The positive protein expression and the m RNA expression of TLR4,My D88 and p65 in colon tissue were all detected in BC99-treated groups,which indicating that BC99 could alleviate UC symptoms by inhibiting TLR4/My D88/NF-κB signaling pathway.Metabolomics further confirms the previous results.Collectively,these findings provide basic support for the W.coagulans as a functional food additive or a promising therapeutic agent for the effective management of UC.展开更多
Interface engineering has been regarded as an effective strategy to manipulate the thermoelectric performance of materials.Here,we use a facile chemical electroless plating and a spark plasma sintering process to fabr...Interface engineering has been regarded as an effective strategy to manipulate the thermoelectric performance of materials.Here,we use a facile chemical electroless plating and a spark plasma sintering process to fabricate Ag-plated SnTe bulk.After sintering,a small amount of plated Ag can be doped into SnTe to suppress the Sn vacancies and the others form Ag precipitates with a size distribution from nanoscale to microscale,which introduces Ag/SnTe interfaces to enhance the Seebeck coefficient via energy filtering effect.Simultaneously,these structures result in strong scattering to reach a low lattice thermal conductivity of-0.62 W·m^(–1)·K^(–1).Consequently,a maximum figure of merit(zT)of-0.67 at 823 K is achieved in 2 wt%Ag-plated SnTe,which is-60%higher than that of pristine SnTe.Moreover,the microhardness indentation test results show that the mean microhardness of 2 wt%Ag-plated SnTe is HV 64.26,which is much higher than that of pristine SnTe,indicating that Ag electroless plating can improve the mechanical properties of SnTe.This work has provided a facile and eco-friendly method to realize the interface engineering for manipulating the thermoelectric and mechanical properties of SnTe.展开更多
In this study,we introduce multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)in Pb/I co-doped n-type polycrys-tal SnSe to simultaneously improve its thermoelectric and mechanical properties for the first time.The introduced MWCNTs...In this study,we introduce multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)in Pb/I co-doped n-type polycrys-tal SnSe to simultaneously improve its thermoelectric and mechanical properties for the first time.The introduced MWCNTs act as the“bridges”to accelerate the electron carrier transport between SnSe grains,leading to significantly increased electrical conductivity from 32.6 to 45.7 S cm^(−1)at 773 K,which con-tributes to an enhanced power factor of∼5.0μW cm^(−1)K^(−2)at this temperature.Although MWCNTs possess high intrinsic thermal conductivities,these MWCNTs,acting as nanoinclusions in the SnSe matrix to form the dense interfaces between SnSe and MWCNTs,provide extra heat-carrying phonon scattering centers,leading to a slightly reduced lattice thermal conductivity of only 0.34 W m^(−1)K^(−2)at 773 K and in turn,a high ZT of∼1.0 at this temperature.Furthermore,the introduced MWCNTs can simultane-ously act as the“binders”to bond adjacent grains,significantly improving the mechanical properties of SnSe by boosting its Vickers hardness from 39.5 to 50.5.This work indicates that our facile approach can achieve high thermoelectric and mechanical properties in n-type SnSe polycrystals with a considerable potential for applying to thermoelectric devices as n-type elements.展开更多
Film morphology of emissive layers is crucial to the performance and stability of solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs). Compared to the interpenetration of conjugated polymer chain,small molecular...Film morphology of emissive layers is crucial to the performance and stability of solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs). Compared to the interpenetration of conjugated polymer chain,small molecular emitter with a flexible side chain always presents easily aggregation upon external treatment, and caused π-electronic coupling, which is undesirable for the efficiency and stability of deep-blue OLEDs. Herein, we proposed a side-chain coupling strategy to enhance the film morphological an emission stability of solution-processable small molecular deep-blue emitter. In contrary to “parent” MC8 TPA,the crosslinkable styryl and vinyl units were introduced as ended unit at the side-chain of Cm TPA and OEYTPA. Interestingly, Cm TPA and OEYTPA films present a relatively stable morphology and uniform deep-blue emission after thermal annealing(160 ℃) in the atmosphere, different to the discontinuous MC8 TPA annealed film. Besides, compared to the Cm TPA and OEYTPA ones, serious polaron formation in the MC8 TPA annealed film also negative to the deep-blue emission, according to transient absorption analysis. Therefore, both Cm TPA and OEYTPA annealed film obtained at 140 ℃ present an excellent deep-blue ASE behavior with a 445 nm, but absence for MC8 TPA ones, associated with the disruption of annealed films. Finally, enhancement of device performance based on Cm TPA and OEYTPA film(~40%)after thermal annealing with a similar performance curves also confirmed the assumption above. Therefore, these results also supported the effectiveness of our side-chain coupling strategy for optoelectronic applications.展开更多
Through the analysis of the impact of changes in the cotton planting industry on cotton production structure and benefit in Shandong under the national cotton production pattern in past ten years,based on the guarante...Through the analysis of the impact of changes in the cotton planting industry on cotton production structure and benefit in Shandong under the national cotton production pattern in past ten years,based on the guarantee of food security and the overall ecological regional layout of Shandong s agricultural characteristic and advantageous industries,we proposed that through the development of high-quality short-season cotton and the industrial application of high-efficiency technologies,a green and high-efficiency farming system should be established to comprehensively reduce cotton planting costs,improve comparative benefits,and realize green and efficient optimization technologies that unify the stable production of cotton and high-quality cotton supply and the industrial path supported by the new industrial model.It is aimed to speed up the upgrading and transformation of the existing traditional cotton cropping system,reconstruct a ternary structure of grains,economic crops and fodder in the ecological suitable cotton areas and sub-suitable cotton areas in Shandong,and maintain a series of new green and ecological cotton rotation industrial models including the“double security”of the grain and cotton industries,the ecological“double superiority”of "cotton and fodder",and the high-efficiency"double increase"of cotton and garlic,providing a certain foundation for the research on technological integration innovation and industrial structure optimization of the green,efficient and high-quality development and transformation of the cotton industry in Shandong during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.展开更多
Experiments on the solid-state reaction between iron ore particles and MgO were performed to investigate the coating mechanism of MgO on the iron ore particles＇ surface during fluidized bed reduction. MgO powders and...Experiments on the solid-state reaction between iron ore particles and MgO were performed to investigate the coating mechanism of MgO on the iron ore particles＇ surface during fluidized bed reduction. MgO powders and iron ore particles were mixed and compressed into briquettes and, subsequently, roasted at different temperatures and for different time periods. A Mg-containing layer was observed on the outer edge of the iron ore particles when the roasting temperature was greater than 1173 K. The concentration of Fe in the Mg-containing layer was evenly distributed and was approximately 10wt%, regardless of the temperature change. Boundary layers of Mg and Fe were observed outside of the iron ore particles. The change in concentration of Fe in the boundary layers was simulated using a gas–solid diffusion model, and the diffusion coefficients of Fe and Mg in these layers at different temperatures were calculated. The diffusion activation energies of Fe and Mg in the boundary layers in these experiments were evaluated to be approximately 176 and 172 k J/mol, respectively.展开更多
In yeast,the stress-responsive protein Whi2 interacts with phosphatase Psr1 to form a complex that regulates cell growth,reproduction,infection,and the stress response.However,the roles of Whi2 and Psr1 in Fusarium gr...In yeast,the stress-responsive protein Whi2 interacts with phosphatase Psr1 to form a complex that regulates cell growth,reproduction,infection,and the stress response.However,the roles of Whi2 and Psr1 in Fusarium graminearum remain unclear.In this study,we identified homologous genes of WHI2 and PSR1 in F.graminearum and evaluated their functions by constructing deletion mutants.By comparing the responses of the mutants to different stressors,we found that FgWHI2 and FgPSR1 were involved in responding to osmotic,cell wall and cell membrane stresses,while also affecting the sexual and asexual reproduction in F.graminearum.Our studies demonstrated that FgWHI2 and FgPSR1 regulate the biosynthesis of ergosterol and the transcriptional level of FgCYP51C,which is a CYP51 paralogues unique to Fusarium species.This study also found that the deoxynivalenol(DON)production of FgWHI2 and FgPSR1 deletion mutants was reduced by≥90%and DON production was positively correlated with the transcriptional levels of FgWHI2 and FgPSR1.In addition,we observed that FgWHI2 and FgPSR1 were involved in regulating the sensitivity of F.graminearum to chlorothalonil,fluazinam,azoxystrobin,phenamacril,and oligomycin.This study revealed cross-resistance between chlorothalonil and fluazinam.Meanwhile,chlorothalonil and fluazinam inhibited DON biosynthesis by altering the normal expression of FgWhi2 and FgPsr1.Interestingly,the subcellular localization of FgWhi2 and FgPsr1 was significantly altered after treatment with chlorothalonil and fluazinam,with increased co-localization.Collectively,these findings indicate that FgWHI2 and FgPSR1 play crucial roles in stress response mechanisms,reproductive processes,secondary metabolite synthesis,and fungicide sensitivity in F.graminearum.展开更多
This work introduces special states for light in multimode fibers featuring strongly enhanced or reduced correlations be-tween output fields in the presence of environmental temperature fluctuations.Using experimental...This work introduces special states for light in multimode fibers featuring strongly enhanced or reduced correlations be-tween output fields in the presence of environmental temperature fluctuations.Using experimentally measured multi-tem-perature transmission matrix,a set of temperature principal modes that exhibit resilience to disturbances caused by tem-perature fluctuations can be generated.Reversing this concept also allows the construction of temperature anti-principal modes,with output profiles more susceptible to temperature influences than the unmodulated wavefront.Despite changes in the length of the multimode fiber within the temperature-fluctuating region,the proposed approach remains capable of robustly controlling the temperature response within the fiber.To illustrate the practicality of the proposed spe-cial state,a learning-empowered fiber specklegram temperature sensor based on temperature anti-principal mode sensi-tization is proposed.This sensor exhibits outstanding superiority over traditional approaches in terms of resolution and accuracy.These novel states are anticipated to have wide-ranging applications in fiber communication,sensing,imaging,and spectroscopy,and serve as a source of inspiration for the discovery of other novel states.展开更多
For nano-collision, regulating the interaction between nanoparticles(NPs) and electrode interfaces is crucial for the precise analysis of individual NPs. However, existing ultramicroelectrodes(UMEs) suffer from narrow...For nano-collision, regulating the interaction between nanoparticles(NPs) and electrode interfaces is crucial for the precise analysis of individual NPs. However, existing ultramicroelectrodes(UMEs) suffer from narrow electrochemical window and poor electrode interface adhesion, severely hindering the application of precise single NP analysis. Here, we propose a simple and effective interface modification strategy. By electrochemically self-assembling poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PC) on the surface of carbon nanocone electrodes(CNCEs), we successfully prepared PC-modified CNCEs(PC–CNCEs). These electrodes not only possess sufficiently wide electrochemical window but also exhibit strong adhesion to negatively charged Ag NPs on their surfaces. Surface physical analysis and electrochemical molecule detection validated the high-density loading of PC on the modified electrodes. Furthermore, the working principle of PC–CNCEs for single Ag NP collision detection was further verified through the techniques of nanocollision and double-potential steps. Leveraging these significant advantages, PC–CNCEs not only achieved precise measurements of single or mixed-sized Ag NPs but also detected Ag NP solutions at concentrations as low as fmol/L levels. This advancement offers a new strategy for the rapid and precise analysis of NP colloids.展开更多
Demand-responsive transportation has been introduced in many cities around the world.However,whether it is applicable in the railway is still questionable,an exploration of passenger choice behavior between demandresp...Demand-responsive transportation has been introduced in many cities around the world.However,whether it is applicable in the railway is still questionable,an exploration of passenger choice behavior between demandresponsive trains and pre-scheduled trains is pivotal in addressing this issue.To delve into passengers’choice preferences when facing demand-responsive trains and to dissect the feasibility of implementing demandresponsive service in high-speed railways,the stated preference survey method is employed to investigate travel intention of passengers.Based on the survey data obtained in China,the heterogeneity of passengers is analyzed from three aspects:personal socio-economic characteristics,travel characteristics,and travel mode choice.Considering the situation that demand-responsive train cannot operate,the risk attributes are considered.To bolster the appeal of demand-responsive trains,personalized service product attributes are added.Mixed Logit mode,which takes into account the heterogeneous travel choice behavior of passengers,is developed,and Maximum Likelihood Estimation and the Monte Carlo method are used to calibrate model parameters.The willingness to pay in terms of different factors of passengers is determined.The results indicate that early arrival deviation time,late arrival deviation time,demand response time,and success rate of ticket purchase remarkable influence passengers’decision regarding demand-responsive train,with only the success rate of ticket purchase positively impacting train choice.Moreover,the significant difference in train ticket price is observed solely in the self-funded long distance scenario,while demand-responsive trains are found to be particularly appealing in self-funded short distance scenario.Through the Willingness To Pay(WTP)analysis,it is discovered that by shortening demand response time,enhancing the success rate of ticket purchase,and minimizing the deviation times of early arrival and late arrival of trains,the attractiveness of the demand-responsive train to passengers under three travel scenarios can be augmented.This study provides profound insights into the possibility of railway enterprises operating demand-responsive trains.展开更多
Structural manipulation plays a crucial role in material design,exerting a significant influence on various aspects of material performance.However,the impact of material microstructure on electromagnetic waves absorp...Structural manipulation plays a crucial role in material design,exerting a significant influence on various aspects of material performance.However,the impact of material microstructure on electromagnetic waves absorption properties has not been thoroughly investigated.In this study,based on ferrites,we controlled the micros tructural morphology by doping with light rare earth element Nd,and then formed heterogeneous structures through composite polypyrrole to enhance its performance.The structural changes in neodymium-doped ferrites and their corresponding variations in performance were systematically analyzed.The results indicate that Nd^(3+)ions doping has a pronounced effect on the microstructure of ferrites,significantly improving their dielectric loss capability for electromagnetic waves.The sample with optimal performance,Sr_(0.75)Nd_(0.25)Co_(2)Fe_(16)O_(27)@PPy,has a value of minimum reflection loss that can reach-63.11 dB,and the effective absorption bandwidth achieves 6.40 GHz at2.27 mm.This study provides instructive thinking for the structural manipulation of MA materials.展开更多
This study investigates the performance of a new compact(55 cm×56 cm×48 cm)in situ spin-exchange optical pumping ^(3)He neutron spin filter(NSF)system developed at the China Spallation Neutron Source.The enc...This study investigates the performance of a new compact(55 cm×56 cm×48 cm)in situ spin-exchange optical pumping ^(3)He neutron spin filter(NSF)system developed at the China Spallation Neutron Source.The enclosed NSF cell,filled with3He at 2.53 bar,achieved an initial ^(3)He polarization of approximately 60%.After subsequent improvements in the magnetic field and heating system,this in situ system achieved a ^(3)He polarization of 75.66%±0.09%,resulting in 96.30%neutron polarization at 2A.This highly compact in situ system is equipped with self-supportive features,pre-pumping capabilities,polarization maintenance,and a low-noise nuclear magnetic resonance system.These advantages significantly reduce the preparation time and simplify polarized neutron experiments,making it suitable for various neutron beamlines in China,particularly those with a limited sample space.These characteristics establish it as a quasi-standardized system that plays a vital role in polarized neutron experiments,including those involving polarized neutron imaging,neutron reflection,the performance calibration of polarized neutron instruments,and the neutron optics parity and time reversal experiment.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Major Science and Technology Special Projects in Henan Province(231100310200)the Key R&D Projects in Henan Province(241111314200)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302172)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(252300423038).
文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by a complex pathogenesis.Weizmannia coagulans has emerged as a potential probiotic for treating intestinal disorders.This study aimed to assess the therapeutic impact of W.coagulans BC99 on mice with DSS-induced UC and to elucidate its underlying mechanism of action.Our findings revealed that BC99 administration ameliorated symptoms associated with DSS-induced UC mice,as evidenced by reduced disease activity indexes,reversal of weight loss,and normalization of colon length.Furthermore,BC99 treatment also protected the integrity of the intestinal barrier through maintaining the antioxidant activity and the expression of tight junction proteins(ZO-1 and occludin),and regulating the inflammatory cytokines in DSS-induced UC mice.Additionally,BC99 supplementation enhanced the production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)through the proliferation of SCFA-producing bacteria,including Bidobacterium,Blautia and Faecallbaculum.Notably,the NF-κB signaling pathway was found to be closely related to BC99 treatment in DSS-induced UC mice.The positive protein expression and the m RNA expression of TLR4,My D88 and p65 in colon tissue were all detected in BC99-treated groups,which indicating that BC99 could alleviate UC symptoms by inhibiting TLR4/My D88/NF-κB signaling pathway.Metabolomics further confirms the previous results.Collectively,these findings provide basic support for the W.coagulans as a functional food additive or a promising therapeutic agent for the effective management of UC.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51802205)Australian Research Council.
文摘Interface engineering has been regarded as an effective strategy to manipulate the thermoelectric performance of materials.Here,we use a facile chemical electroless plating and a spark plasma sintering process to fabricate Ag-plated SnTe bulk.After sintering,a small amount of plated Ag can be doped into SnTe to suppress the Sn vacancies and the others form Ag precipitates with a size distribution from nanoscale to microscale,which introduces Ag/SnTe interfaces to enhance the Seebeck coefficient via energy filtering effect.Simultaneously,these structures result in strong scattering to reach a low lattice thermal conductivity of-0.62 W·m^(–1)·K^(–1).Consequently,a maximum figure of merit(zT)of-0.67 at 823 K is achieved in 2 wt%Ag-plated SnTe,which is-60%higher than that of pristine SnTe.Moreover,the microhardness indentation test results show that the mean microhardness of 2 wt%Ag-plated SnTe is HV 64.26,which is much higher than that of pristine SnTe,indicating that Ag electroless plating can improve the mechanical properties of SnTe.This work has provided a facile and eco-friendly method to realize the interface engineering for manipulating the thermoelectric and mechanical properties of SnTe.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972170)the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering(No.ZK201812)+4 种基金the CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials(No.KLCMKFJJ2002)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Programthe financially support from the Australian Research Council,Innovation centre for Sustainable Steel(ICSS)USQ strategic research grant
文摘In this study,we introduce multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)in Pb/I co-doped n-type polycrys-tal SnSe to simultaneously improve its thermoelectric and mechanical properties for the first time.The introduced MWCNTs act as the“bridges”to accelerate the electron carrier transport between SnSe grains,leading to significantly increased electrical conductivity from 32.6 to 45.7 S cm^(−1)at 773 K,which con-tributes to an enhanced power factor of∼5.0μW cm^(−1)K^(−2)at this temperature.Although MWCNTs possess high intrinsic thermal conductivities,these MWCNTs,acting as nanoinclusions in the SnSe matrix to form the dense interfaces between SnSe and MWCNTs,provide extra heat-carrying phonon scattering centers,leading to a slightly reduced lattice thermal conductivity of only 0.34 W m^(−1)K^(−2)at 773 K and in turn,a high ZT of∼1.0 at this temperature.Furthermore,the introduced MWCNTs can simultane-ously act as the“binders”to bond adjacent grains,significantly improving the mechanical properties of SnSe by boosting its Vickers hardness from 39.5 to 50.5.This work indicates that our facile approach can achieve high thermoelectric and mechanical properties in n-type SnSe polycrystals with a considerable potential for applying to thermoelectric devices as n-type elements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22075136,61874053)National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2020YFA0709900)+5 种基金Natural Science Funds of the Education Committee of Jiangsu Province (No.18KJA430009)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20200700)“High-Level Talents in Six Industries” of Jiangsu Province (No.XYDXX-019)Chain Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2021M692623)the open research fund from State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials (No.sklssm202108)Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmentfriendly Polymer Materials and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology。
文摘Film morphology of emissive layers is crucial to the performance and stability of solution-processable organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs). Compared to the interpenetration of conjugated polymer chain,small molecular emitter with a flexible side chain always presents easily aggregation upon external treatment, and caused π-electronic coupling, which is undesirable for the efficiency and stability of deep-blue OLEDs. Herein, we proposed a side-chain coupling strategy to enhance the film morphological an emission stability of solution-processable small molecular deep-blue emitter. In contrary to “parent” MC8 TPA,the crosslinkable styryl and vinyl units were introduced as ended unit at the side-chain of Cm TPA and OEYTPA. Interestingly, Cm TPA and OEYTPA films present a relatively stable morphology and uniform deep-blue emission after thermal annealing(160 ℃) in the atmosphere, different to the discontinuous MC8 TPA annealed film. Besides, compared to the Cm TPA and OEYTPA ones, serious polaron formation in the MC8 TPA annealed film also negative to the deep-blue emission, according to transient absorption analysis. Therefore, both Cm TPA and OEYTPA annealed film obtained at 140 ℃ present an excellent deep-blue ASE behavior with a 445 nm, but absence for MC8 TPA ones, associated with the disruption of annealed films. Finally, enhancement of device performance based on Cm TPA and OEYTPA film(~40%)after thermal annealing with a similar performance curves also confirmed the assumption above. Therefore, these results also supported the effectiveness of our side-chain coupling strategy for optoelectronic applications.
基金Shandong Provincial Cotton Green,High-yield and Efficient Creation Project(LNMZ[2017]5).
文摘Through the analysis of the impact of changes in the cotton planting industry on cotton production structure and benefit in Shandong under the national cotton production pattern in past ten years,based on the guarantee of food security and the overall ecological regional layout of Shandong s agricultural characteristic and advantageous industries,we proposed that through the development of high-quality short-season cotton and the industrial application of high-efficiency technologies,a green and high-efficiency farming system should be established to comprehensively reduce cotton planting costs,improve comparative benefits,and realize green and efficient optimization technologies that unify the stable production of cotton and high-quality cotton supply and the industrial path supported by the new industrial model.It is aimed to speed up the upgrading and transformation of the existing traditional cotton cropping system,reconstruct a ternary structure of grains,economic crops and fodder in the ecological suitable cotton areas and sub-suitable cotton areas in Shandong,and maintain a series of new green and ecological cotton rotation industrial models including the“double security”of the grain and cotton industries,the ecological“double superiority”of "cotton and fodder",and the high-efficiency"double increase"of cotton and garlic,providing a certain foundation for the research on technological integration innovation and industrial structure optimization of the green,efficient and high-quality development and transformation of the cotton industry in Shandong during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (FRF-TP-15-009A2)the Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015M570931)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Fund Project of China (91534121)the National Major Scientific Instruments Special Plan (2011YQ12003907)
文摘Experiments on the solid-state reaction between iron ore particles and MgO were performed to investigate the coating mechanism of MgO on the iron ore particles＇ surface during fluidized bed reduction. MgO powders and iron ore particles were mixed and compressed into briquettes and, subsequently, roasted at different temperatures and for different time periods. A Mg-containing layer was observed on the outer edge of the iron ore particles when the roasting temperature was greater than 1173 K. The concentration of Fe in the Mg-containing layer was evenly distributed and was approximately 10wt%, regardless of the temperature change. Boundary layers of Mg and Fe were observed outside of the iron ore particles. The change in concentration of Fe in the boundary layers was simulated using a gas–solid diffusion model, and the diffusion coefficients of Fe and Mg in these layers at different temperatures were calculated. The diffusion activation energies of Fe and Mg in the boundary layers in these experiments were evaluated to be approximately 176 and 172 k J/mol, respectively.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1400100)the Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(CX(21)2037)+1 种基金the Guidance Foundation of the Hainan Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University,China(NAUSY-MS03)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(KYCX20_0596)。
文摘In yeast,the stress-responsive protein Whi2 interacts with phosphatase Psr1 to form a complex that regulates cell growth,reproduction,infection,and the stress response.However,the roles of Whi2 and Psr1 in Fusarium graminearum remain unclear.In this study,we identified homologous genes of WHI2 and PSR1 in F.graminearum and evaluated their functions by constructing deletion mutants.By comparing the responses of the mutants to different stressors,we found that FgWHI2 and FgPSR1 were involved in responding to osmotic,cell wall and cell membrane stresses,while also affecting the sexual and asexual reproduction in F.graminearum.Our studies demonstrated that FgWHI2 and FgPSR1 regulate the biosynthesis of ergosterol and the transcriptional level of FgCYP51C,which is a CYP51 paralogues unique to Fusarium species.This study also found that the deoxynivalenol(DON)production of FgWHI2 and FgPSR1 deletion mutants was reduced by≥90%and DON production was positively correlated with the transcriptional levels of FgWHI2 and FgPSR1.In addition,we observed that FgWHI2 and FgPSR1 were involved in regulating the sensitivity of F.graminearum to chlorothalonil,fluazinam,azoxystrobin,phenamacril,and oligomycin.This study revealed cross-resistance between chlorothalonil and fluazinam.Meanwhile,chlorothalonil and fluazinam inhibited DON biosynthesis by altering the normal expression of FgWhi2 and FgPsr1.Interestingly,the subcellular localization of FgWhi2 and FgPsr1 was significantly altered after treatment with chlorothalonil and fluazinam,with increased co-localization.Collectively,these findings indicate that FgWHI2 and FgPSR1 play crucial roles in stress response mechanisms,reproductive processes,secondary metabolite synthesis,and fungicide sensitivity in F.graminearum.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62075132 and 92050202)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (22ZR1443100)
文摘This work introduces special states for light in multimode fibers featuring strongly enhanced or reduced correlations be-tween output fields in the presence of environmental temperature fluctuations.Using experimentally measured multi-tem-perature transmission matrix,a set of temperature principal modes that exhibit resilience to disturbances caused by tem-perature fluctuations can be generated.Reversing this concept also allows the construction of temperature anti-principal modes,with output profiles more susceptible to temperature influences than the unmodulated wavefront.Despite changes in the length of the multimode fiber within the temperature-fluctuating region,the proposed approach remains capable of robustly controlling the temperature response within the fiber.To illustrate the practicality of the proposed spe-cial state,a learning-empowered fiber specklegram temperature sensor based on temperature anti-principal mode sensi-tization is proposed.This sensor exhibits outstanding superiority over traditional approaches in terms of resolution and accuracy.These novel states are anticipated to have wide-ranging applications in fiber communication,sensing,imaging,and spectroscopy,and serve as a source of inspiration for the discovery of other novel states.
基金support from the Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.YJKYYQ20210003)Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (No. 20210101402JC)support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22204159)。
文摘For nano-collision, regulating the interaction between nanoparticles(NPs) and electrode interfaces is crucial for the precise analysis of individual NPs. However, existing ultramicroelectrodes(UMEs) suffer from narrow electrochemical window and poor electrode interface adhesion, severely hindering the application of precise single NP analysis. Here, we propose a simple and effective interface modification strategy. By electrochemically self-assembling poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PC) on the surface of carbon nanocone electrodes(CNCEs), we successfully prepared PC-modified CNCEs(PC–CNCEs). These electrodes not only possess sufficiently wide electrochemical window but also exhibit strong adhesion to negatively charged Ag NPs on their surfaces. Surface physical analysis and electrochemical molecule detection validated the high-density loading of PC on the modified electrodes. Furthermore, the working principle of PC–CNCEs for single Ag NP collision detection was further verified through the techniques of nanocollision and double-potential steps. Leveraging these significant advantages, PC–CNCEs not only achieved precise measurements of single or mixed-sized Ag NPs but also detected Ag NP solutions at concentrations as low as fmol/L levels. This advancement offers a new strategy for the rapid and precise analysis of NP colloids.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72471023,71971019)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024QYBS025).
文摘Demand-responsive transportation has been introduced in many cities around the world.However,whether it is applicable in the railway is still questionable,an exploration of passenger choice behavior between demandresponsive trains and pre-scheduled trains is pivotal in addressing this issue.To delve into passengers’choice preferences when facing demand-responsive trains and to dissect the feasibility of implementing demandresponsive service in high-speed railways,the stated preference survey method is employed to investigate travel intention of passengers.Based on the survey data obtained in China,the heterogeneity of passengers is analyzed from three aspects:personal socio-economic characteristics,travel characteristics,and travel mode choice.Considering the situation that demand-responsive train cannot operate,the risk attributes are considered.To bolster the appeal of demand-responsive trains,personalized service product attributes are added.Mixed Logit mode,which takes into account the heterogeneous travel choice behavior of passengers,is developed,and Maximum Likelihood Estimation and the Monte Carlo method are used to calibrate model parameters.The willingness to pay in terms of different factors of passengers is determined.The results indicate that early arrival deviation time,late arrival deviation time,demand response time,and success rate of ticket purchase remarkable influence passengers’decision regarding demand-responsive train,with only the success rate of ticket purchase positively impacting train choice.Moreover,the significant difference in train ticket price is observed solely in the self-funded long distance scenario,while demand-responsive trains are found to be particularly appealing in self-funded short distance scenario.Through the Willingness To Pay(WTP)analysis,it is discovered that by shortening demand response time,enhancing the success rate of ticket purchase,and minimizing the deviation times of early arrival and late arrival of trains,the attractiveness of the demand-responsive train to passengers under three travel scenarios can be augmented.This study provides profound insights into the possibility of railway enterprises operating demand-responsive trains.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52273267 and 22271155)
文摘Structural manipulation plays a crucial role in material design,exerting a significant influence on various aspects of material performance.However,the impact of material microstructure on electromagnetic waves absorption properties has not been thoroughly investigated.In this study,based on ferrites,we controlled the micros tructural morphology by doping with light rare earth element Nd,and then formed heterogeneous structures through composite polypyrrole to enhance its performance.The structural changes in neodymium-doped ferrites and their corresponding variations in performance were systematically analyzed.The results indicate that Nd^(3+)ions doping has a pronounced effect on the microstructure of ferrites,significantly improving their dielectric loss capability for electromagnetic waves.The sample with optimal performance,Sr_(0.75)Nd_(0.25)Co_(2)Fe_(16)O_(27)@PPy,has a value of minimum reflection loss that can reach-63.11 dB,and the effective absorption bandwidth achieves 6.40 GHz at2.27 mm.This study provides instructive thinking for the structural manipulation of MA materials.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.12425512)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0406000)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11875265)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDKYYQ20190004)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2019B1515120079)Dongguan Introduction Program of Leading Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents(Grant No.20191122)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Extreme Conditions,Dongguan Key Laboratory。
文摘This study investigates the performance of a new compact(55 cm×56 cm×48 cm)in situ spin-exchange optical pumping ^(3)He neutron spin filter(NSF)system developed at the China Spallation Neutron Source.The enclosed NSF cell,filled with3He at 2.53 bar,achieved an initial ^(3)He polarization of approximately 60%.After subsequent improvements in the magnetic field and heating system,this in situ system achieved a ^(3)He polarization of 75.66%±0.09%,resulting in 96.30%neutron polarization at 2A.This highly compact in situ system is equipped with self-supportive features,pre-pumping capabilities,polarization maintenance,and a low-noise nuclear magnetic resonance system.These advantages significantly reduce the preparation time and simplify polarized neutron experiments,making it suitable for various neutron beamlines in China,particularly those with a limited sample space.These characteristics establish it as a quasi-standardized system that plays a vital role in polarized neutron experiments,including those involving polarized neutron imaging,neutron reflection,the performance calibration of polarized neutron instruments,and the neutron optics parity and time reversal experiment.
