Coal utilization,as a major energy source,raises sustainability concerns and environmental impacts,prompting researchers to explore blending it with other feedstocks.This study discusses hydrochar coal-water slurry(HC...Coal utilization,as a major energy source,raises sustainability concerns and environmental impacts,prompting researchers to explore blending it with other feedstocks.This study discusses hydrochar coal-water slurry(HC-CWS)preparation conditions,emphasizing apparent viscosity and exploring the influence of high ash content on char reactivity.The study highlights that the presence of free water in sludge is moderately influential,while high amounts of free water in raw sewage sludge(SS)and its near absence during hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)of SS are both unfavorable for enhancing the overall performance of coal-water slurry(CWS).HTC reduces the concentration of hydroxyl functional group,enhancing slurry performance and reducing ash content in HC-CWS,indicating that coal complements hydrochar(HC).High-temperature HC preparation is unsuitable for HC-CWS due to increased viscosity and decreased stability.In terms of ash content,the optimal pH and HC ratio for CWS are determined at 30%HC.The gasification reactivity of HC,prepared at 180℃ with a 30%HC ratio in CWS at R0.5 is 6×10^(−3) and at R0.9 is 9×10^(−3).However,increasing HC to 50%diminishes reactivity under CO_(2) atmosphere.The inhibitory effect was observed with an increasing percentage of HC in CWS and the synergy factor decreased in the following order:10%HC>30%HC>50%HC,i.e.,from 1.04 to 0.35.The possible reason is the presence of high ash content and their similar initial gasification rates during its early stages.展开更多
文摘Coal utilization,as a major energy source,raises sustainability concerns and environmental impacts,prompting researchers to explore blending it with other feedstocks.This study discusses hydrochar coal-water slurry(HC-CWS)preparation conditions,emphasizing apparent viscosity and exploring the influence of high ash content on char reactivity.The study highlights that the presence of free water in sludge is moderately influential,while high amounts of free water in raw sewage sludge(SS)and its near absence during hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)of SS are both unfavorable for enhancing the overall performance of coal-water slurry(CWS).HTC reduces the concentration of hydroxyl functional group,enhancing slurry performance and reducing ash content in HC-CWS,indicating that coal complements hydrochar(HC).High-temperature HC preparation is unsuitable for HC-CWS due to increased viscosity and decreased stability.In terms of ash content,the optimal pH and HC ratio for CWS are determined at 30%HC.The gasification reactivity of HC,prepared at 180℃ with a 30%HC ratio in CWS at R0.5 is 6×10^(−3) and at R0.9 is 9×10^(−3).However,increasing HC to 50%diminishes reactivity under CO_(2) atmosphere.The inhibitory effect was observed with an increasing percentage of HC in CWS and the synergy factor decreased in the following order:10%HC>30%HC>50%HC,i.e.,from 1.04 to 0.35.The possible reason is the presence of high ash content and their similar initial gasification rates during its early stages.
