Conversion of ammonia into hydrogen,a crucial pathway for the hydrogen economy,is severely constrained by the intricacy of the required equipment and the low efficiency.Herein,Pd@Pt Ni Co Ru Ir coreshell mesoporous bi...Conversion of ammonia into hydrogen,a crucial pathway for the hydrogen economy,is severely constrained by the intricacy of the required equipment and the low efficiency.Herein,Pd@Pt Ni Co Ru Ir coreshell mesoporous bifunctional electrocatalysts were fabricated via a one-step wet-chemical reduction approach.By utilizing the limiting effect of triblock copolymers,gradient distribution control of six metal elements(Pd core and Pt/Ni/Co/Ru/Ir high-entropy alloys shell) was achieved,where the high-entropy alloy shell forms high-density active sites through lattice distortion effect.With the help of lattice distortion and mesoporous-confinement-enabled interfacial coupling effects,Pd@Pt Ni Co Ru Ir catalyst exhibited exceptional bifunctional performance in alkaline media:A low hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) overpotential of 30.5 m V at 10 m A/cm^(2) and a high ammonia oxidation reaction(AOR) peak current density of 19.6 m A/cm^(2) at 0.7 V vs.RHE,representing a 3.83-fold enhancement over commercial Pt/C.Moreover,a rechargeable Zn-NH_(3) battery system was constructed and achieved 92.3 % Faradaic efficiency(FE) for NH_(3)-to-H_(2) conversion with outstanding stability at 16 m A/cm^(2),thereby providing an innovative solution for efficient ammonia decomposition-based hydrogen production.展开更多
背景与目的肺癌是国内外致死率最高的恶性肿瘤,肺结节的精确检测是降低肺癌死亡率的关键。人工智能辅助诊断系统在肺结节检测、良恶性鉴别和浸润亚型诊断等领域发展迅速,对其效能进行验证是促进其应用于临床的前提。本研究旨在评估人工...背景与目的肺癌是国内外致死率最高的恶性肿瘤,肺结节的精确检测是降低肺癌死亡率的关键。人工智能辅助诊断系统在肺结节检测、良恶性鉴别和浸润亚型诊断等领域发展迅速,对其效能进行验证是促进其应用于临床的前提。本研究旨在评估人工智能辅助诊断系统预测肺结节早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的效能。方法回顾性分析2016年1月1日-2021年12月31日期间兰州大学第二医院收治的223例肺结节早期肺腺癌患者的临床资料,将早期肺腺癌分为浸润性腺癌组(n=170)和非浸润性腺癌组(n=53),其中非浸润性腺癌组又分为微浸润性腺癌组(n=31)和浸润前病变组(n=22)。比较各组的恶性概率和影像特征等信息,分析其对早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的预测能力,并对人工智能辅助诊断早期肺腺癌浸润亚型定性诊断的结果与术后病理进行一致性分析。结果早期肺腺癌不同浸润亚型肺结节的平均CT值(P<0.001)、直径(P<0.001)、体积(P<0.001)、恶性概率(P<0.001)、胸膜凹陷征(P<0.001)、分叶征(P<0.001)、毛刺征(P<0.001)差异均有统计学意义;随着早期肺腺癌不同浸润亚型浸润性增加,各组参数显性征象比例也逐渐升高;在二分类问题上,人工智能辅助诊断系统定性诊断早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的敏感性、特异性及曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为81.76%、92.45%和0.871;在三分类问题上,人工智能辅助诊断系统定性诊断早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的准确率、召回率、F1分数及AUC分别为83.86%、85.03%、76.46%和0.879。结论该人工智能辅助诊断系统对肺结节早期肺腺癌浸润亚型具有一定的预测价值,随着算法的优化和数据的完善或可为患者个体化治疗提供指导。展开更多
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52573275)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province (No.tsqn202507205)+4 种基金Youth Innovation Team of Higher Education Institutions in Shandong Province (No.2023KJ105)Collaborative Innovation Center of Yellow River Basin Pharmaceutical Green Manufacturing and Engineering Equipment,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,ChinaJinan City University Integration Development Strategy Project (No.JNSX2023021)supported by Talents’ plan Foundation of Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital (No.2024D003)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou (No.2025A04J4629)。
文摘Conversion of ammonia into hydrogen,a crucial pathway for the hydrogen economy,is severely constrained by the intricacy of the required equipment and the low efficiency.Herein,Pd@Pt Ni Co Ru Ir coreshell mesoporous bifunctional electrocatalysts were fabricated via a one-step wet-chemical reduction approach.By utilizing the limiting effect of triblock copolymers,gradient distribution control of six metal elements(Pd core and Pt/Ni/Co/Ru/Ir high-entropy alloys shell) was achieved,where the high-entropy alloy shell forms high-density active sites through lattice distortion effect.With the help of lattice distortion and mesoporous-confinement-enabled interfacial coupling effects,Pd@Pt Ni Co Ru Ir catalyst exhibited exceptional bifunctional performance in alkaline media:A low hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) overpotential of 30.5 m V at 10 m A/cm^(2) and a high ammonia oxidation reaction(AOR) peak current density of 19.6 m A/cm^(2) at 0.7 V vs.RHE,representing a 3.83-fold enhancement over commercial Pt/C.Moreover,a rechargeable Zn-NH_(3) battery system was constructed and achieved 92.3 % Faradaic efficiency(FE) for NH_(3)-to-H_(2) conversion with outstanding stability at 16 m A/cm^(2),thereby providing an innovative solution for efficient ammonia decomposition-based hydrogen production.
文摘背景与目的肺癌是国内外致死率最高的恶性肿瘤,肺结节的精确检测是降低肺癌死亡率的关键。人工智能辅助诊断系统在肺结节检测、良恶性鉴别和浸润亚型诊断等领域发展迅速,对其效能进行验证是促进其应用于临床的前提。本研究旨在评估人工智能辅助诊断系统预测肺结节早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的效能。方法回顾性分析2016年1月1日-2021年12月31日期间兰州大学第二医院收治的223例肺结节早期肺腺癌患者的临床资料,将早期肺腺癌分为浸润性腺癌组(n=170)和非浸润性腺癌组(n=53),其中非浸润性腺癌组又分为微浸润性腺癌组(n=31)和浸润前病变组(n=22)。比较各组的恶性概率和影像特征等信息,分析其对早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的预测能力,并对人工智能辅助诊断早期肺腺癌浸润亚型定性诊断的结果与术后病理进行一致性分析。结果早期肺腺癌不同浸润亚型肺结节的平均CT值(P<0.001)、直径(P<0.001)、体积(P<0.001)、恶性概率(P<0.001)、胸膜凹陷征(P<0.001)、分叶征(P<0.001)、毛刺征(P<0.001)差异均有统计学意义;随着早期肺腺癌不同浸润亚型浸润性增加,各组参数显性征象比例也逐渐升高;在二分类问题上,人工智能辅助诊断系统定性诊断早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的敏感性、特异性及曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为81.76%、92.45%和0.871;在三分类问题上,人工智能辅助诊断系统定性诊断早期肺腺癌浸润亚型的准确率、召回率、F1分数及AUC分别为83.86%、85.03%、76.46%和0.879。结论该人工智能辅助诊断系统对肺结节早期肺腺癌浸润亚型具有一定的预测价值,随着算法的优化和数据的完善或可为患者个体化治疗提供指导。
