Background Perilla frutescens seeds(PFS)are gaining recognition as a natural alternative to antibiotics in livestock,supporting sustainable farming and animal health.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms through...Background Perilla frutescens seeds(PFS)are gaining recognition as a natural alternative to antibiotics in livestock,supporting sustainable farming and animal health.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms through which PFS influence host immune function and antioxidant capacity,especially via the gut-liver-muscle axis,remain largely unknown.This study employed an integrative multi-omics approach to elucidate how PFS supplementation modulates the microbiota-gut-liver-muscle axis and enhances immune and antioxidant functions in lambs.Results PFS supplementation markedly improved immune and antioxidant profiles,demonstrated by elevated serum levels of IL-10,IgM,IgG,GSH-PX,and SOD,and reductions in IL-1β,TNF-α,and MDA.Microbial analysis revealed elevated abundances of ruminal and intestinal taxa commonly associated with gut homeostasis and metabolic health(Christensenellaceae_R-7_group)and reduced levels of species with pathogenic or pro-inflammatory potential(Bacillus cereus and Clostridioides)in the ileum.Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of liver tissue indicated modulation of key inflammatory and bile acid signaling pathways,including the downregulation of TLR4,NLRP3,ATF3,CYP2J2,and LXR-α.PFS also increased hepatic concentrations of anti-inflammatory metabolites such as chlorquinaldol and indole-3-carboxaldehyde,while reducing levels of LysoPC(20:4)and phosphatidic acid.Correlation and mediation analyses revealed strong interconnections among gut microbiota,hepatic gene expression,lipid metabolites in liver and muscle,and systemic immune-antioxidant markers.Conclusion These findings highlight the microbiota-gut-liver-muscle axis as a central mechanism through which PFS enhances immune function and antioxidant capacity in lambs.PFS supplementation represents a promising nutritional strategy to improve healthy lamb production,supporting the development of antibiotic-free and sustainable livestock systems.展开更多
Background： Increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） content and decreasing the saturated fatty acid （SFA） content of mutton can help to improve its nutritional value for consumers. Several laboratories h...Background： Increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） content and decreasing the saturated fatty acid （SFA） content of mutton can help to improve its nutritional value for consumers. Several laboratories have evaluated the effects of vitamin E on the fatty acid （FA） composition of muscle in sheep. However, little information is available on wool sheep, even though wool sheep breeds are an important source of mutton, especially in northern China where sheep are extensively farmed. The present study was designed to address the effects of vitamin E on muscle FA composition in male Aohan fine-wool sheep. Methods： Forty-two male Aohan fine-wool lambs （5 mo old） with similar initial body weight were randomly divided into seven groups and fed diets supplemented with 0 （control group）, 20, 100, 200, 1,000, 2,000, or 2,400 IU/sheep/d vitamin E for 12 mo. Three lambs from each group were slaughtered to measure vitamin E and FA content in the Iongissimus lumborum （LL） and gluteus medius （GM） muscles. Results： Vitamin E concentrations in the LL and GM increased significantly after 12 mo of vitamin E supplementation （P 〈 0.05）. However, this increase did not occur in a dose-dependent manner because the muscle vitamin E concentration was highest in the 200 IU/sheep/d group. Dietary vitamin E supplementation also caused a significant reduction in SFA content and an increase in monounsaturated FA （MUFA） content in the LL and GM （P 〈 0.05）. All six doses of vitamin E significantly increased cis9 tronsl -conjugated linoleic acid （cgtl -CLA） content in the LL compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： Dietary supplementation with vitamin E increased muscle vitamin E content and improved the nutritional value of mutton by decreasing SFA content and increasing MUFA and c9tl 1-CLA contents in Aohan fine-wool sheep. These effects were greatest in sheep fed a diet containing 200 IU/sheep/d vitamin E.展开更多
Background Lipid metabolism differs significantly between grazing and stall-feeding lambs,affecting the quality of livestock products.As two critical organs of lipid metabolism,the differences between feeding patterns...Background Lipid metabolism differs significantly between grazing and stall-feeding lambs,affecting the quality of livestock products.As two critical organs of lipid metabolism,the differences between feeding patterns on rumen and liver metabolism remain unclear.In this study,16S rRNA,metagenomics,transcriptomics,and untargeted metabolomics were utilized to investigate the key rumen microorganisms and metabolites,as well as liver genes and metabolites associated with fatty acid metabolism under indoor feeding(F)and grazing(G).Results Compared with grazing,indoor feeding increased ruminal propionate content.Using metagenome sequencing in combination with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing,the results showed that the abundance of propionate-producing Succiniclasticum and hydrogenating bacteria Tenericutes was enriched in the F group.For rumen metabolism,grazing caused up-regulation of EPA,DHA and oleic acid and down-regulation of decanoic acid,as well as,screening for 2-ketobutyric acid as a vital differential metabolite,which was enriched in the propionate metabolism pathway.In the liver,indoor feeding increased 3-hydroxypropanoate and citric acid content,causing changes in propionate metabolism and citrate cycle,while decreasing the ETA content.Then,the liver transcriptome revealed that 11 lipid-related genes were differentially expressed in the two feeding patterns.Correlation analysis showed that the expression of CYP4A6,FADS1,FADS2,ALDH6A1 and CYP2C23 was significantly associated with the propionate metabolism process,suggesting that propionate metabolism may be an important factor mediating the hepatic lipid metabolism.Besides,the unsaturated fatty acids in muscle,rumen and liver also had a close correlation.Conclusions Overall,our data demonstrated that rumen microbial-driven metabolite from grazing lambs potentially regulates multiple hepatic lipid-related genes,ultimately affecting body fatty acid metabolism.展开更多
In markets for beef and sheep meat,an appropriate level of intramuscular fat(IMF)is highly desirable for meat-eating quality,but strategies to improve it usually lead to an undesirable excess in carcase fat,presenting...In markets for beef and sheep meat,an appropriate level of intramuscular fat(IMF)is highly desirable for meat-eating quality,but strategies to improve it usually lead to an undesirable excess in carcase fat,presenting a major challenge to livestock producers.To solve this problem,we need to understand the partitioning of fat among the major fat depots:IMF,subcutaneous fat(SCF)and visceral fat(VF).In most genotypes of cattle and sheep,the rate of accretion is lower for IMF than for SCF and VF,so genetic selection for a high level of IMF,or the use of an increased dietary energy supply to promote IMF deposition,will increase overall fatness and feed costs.On the other hand,feeding postnatal calves with excessive concentrates promotes IMF deposition,so a nutritional strategy is feasible.With genetic strategies,several problems arise:1)positive genetic correlations between IMF,SCF and VF differ among genotypes in both cattle and sheep;2)genotypes appear to have specific,characteristic rates of accretion of IMF during periods of growth and fattening;3)most breeds of cattle and sheep naturally produce meat with relatively low levels of IMF,but IMF does vary substantially among individuals and breeds so progress is possible through accurate measurement of IMF.Therefore,an essential prerequisite for se-lection will be knowledge of the genetic correlations and fat accretion rates for each genotype.Currently,selection for IMF is based on existing technology that directly measures IMF in the progeny or siblings,or estimates IMF in live animals.New technology is needed to permit the simultaneous measurement of SCF and IMF in the field,thus opening up the possibility of accurate selection,particularly for fat partitioning in live animals.Specifically,there would be great value in detecting individuals with an IMF advantage at an early age so the generation interval could be shortened and genetic gain accelerated.Genetic gain would also be greatly aided if we could select for genes that control adipogenesis and lipogenesis and are also differentially expressed in the various depots.展开更多
The formation mechanism of volatile compounds in Tan lamb meat under different feeding regimes remains unclear.This study aimed to determine whether the volatile compounds in meat are related to lipid metabolism in an...The formation mechanism of volatile compounds in Tan lamb meat under different feeding regimes remains unclear.This study aimed to determine whether the volatile compounds in meat are related to lipid metabolism in an attempt to improve the theoretical basis for increasing the yield and quality of lamb production.Results showed that the specialized pasture grazing with indoor feeding(GF)and indoor feeding only(F)regimes had advantages in terms of growth and carcass traits compared to the specialized pasture grazing only(G)regime.Lamb meat qualities of the GF group were in an intergrade position compared to those of the F and G groups.Although the lamb meat of the three groups had different aroma attributes,as measured using SPME-GC-MS,GF lamb meat had the most pleasant active compounds.In contrast,the expression of lipid transport genes was altered in all three groups.In summary,Tan lambs had different growth performance,intramuscular fat content,and composition under the three feeding regimes,which might be due to the differences in energy and lipid transport,resulting in unique volatile compound profiles in meat from different groups.展开更多
Adipose tissue is a key factor in regulating meat quality.In this study,lipidomics was used to investigate differentially expressed lipids(DELs)associated with fat deposition and flavour in subcutaneous adipose tissue...Adipose tissue is a key factor in regulating meat quality.In this study,lipidomics was used to investigate differentially expressed lipids(DELs)associated with fat deposition and flavour in subcutaneous adipose tissue(SAT)of lambs under different grazing intensities(moderate grazing(MG)and heavy grazing(HG))with different supplementary feeding levels(No supplementary(NS),low supplementary(LS)and high supplementary(HS)).The results revealed that carcass quality and economic bennefits under moderate grazing or supplementary feeding conditions were superior to those under heavy grazing or non-supplementation regimes.Compared with MG-NS,HG-NS maintained SAT deposition through increased cardiolipin(CL)levels,but compromised lipid quality through accumulation of sphingolipids(e.g.,sphingomyelin),posing potential health concerns.Under HG conditions,supplementation unexpectedly reduced flavor precursor phospholipids such as phosphatidylglycerol.In contrast,moderate grazing provided a healthier source of lamb meat,with supplementary feeding further improving SAT deposition and flavor precursors through coordinated increases in CL and phosphatidylserine,elevated unsaturated fatty acids.These findings demonstrate that moderate grazing combined with strategic supplementation synergistically enhances meat quality and economic benefits,while revealing critical linkages between grassland utilization practices,lipidome-driven meat attributes and human dietary health.展开更多
This study investigated the effects of passion fruit peel pectin(PFP)on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD).Fifty mice were divided into five groups:(1)normal diet(ND),(2)HFD,(3)HFD with orli...This study investigated the effects of passion fruit peel pectin(PFP)on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD).Fifty mice were divided into five groups:(1)normal diet(ND),(2)HFD,(3)HFD with orlistat(20 mg/kg/day,positive control,PC-HFD),(4)HFD with 300 mg/kg/day PFP(PFP1),and(5)HFD with 600 mg/kg/day PFP(PFP2)for 8 weeks.Compared to HFD,both PFP1 and PFP2 groups exhibited significant reductions in body weight(-3.9% and -4.4%),serum glucose(-17.6% and -20.4%),and hepatic lipid accumulation(-68.6% and -65.2% in oil red O-stained area).16S rRNA analysis showed that PFP increased SCFA-producing gut bacteria.Tax4Fun2 analysis predicted enrichment of microbial functional potential related to the host insulin resistance pathway in PFP-treated mice.Fecal metabolomics and SCFA analyses revealed increased levels of pyruvic acid,triglycerides,and acetic acid in feces.Liver transcriptomics showed enrichment of 7 genes in the insulin resistance pathway.Integrated analyses of 16S rRNA and multi-omics data suggested associations between PFP intervention and modulation of pathways related to insulin resistance and hepatic lipid metabolism.qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that PFP increased the mRNA expression of PI3K,AKT,INSR,IRS1,and GLUT4,while decreasing G6P expression.These findings suggest that PFP might improve certain aspects of metabolic dysregulation in HFD-fed mice,potentially through modulation of insulin sensitivity and hepatic lipid handling.展开更多
基金supported by the Central Government-Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project(2025ZY0108)Bayannaoer Research Institute Young Scientist Project(2024BYNECAU002)+1 种基金Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(324QN289)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-38)。
文摘Background Perilla frutescens seeds(PFS)are gaining recognition as a natural alternative to antibiotics in livestock,supporting sustainable farming and animal health.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms through which PFS influence host immune function and antioxidant capacity,especially via the gut-liver-muscle axis,remain largely unknown.This study employed an integrative multi-omics approach to elucidate how PFS supplementation modulates the microbiota-gut-liver-muscle axis and enhances immune and antioxidant functions in lambs.Results PFS supplementation markedly improved immune and antioxidant profiles,demonstrated by elevated serum levels of IL-10,IgM,IgG,GSH-PX,and SOD,and reductions in IL-1β,TNF-α,and MDA.Microbial analysis revealed elevated abundances of ruminal and intestinal taxa commonly associated with gut homeostasis and metabolic health(Christensenellaceae_R-7_group)and reduced levels of species with pathogenic or pro-inflammatory potential(Bacillus cereus and Clostridioides)in the ileum.Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of liver tissue indicated modulation of key inflammatory and bile acid signaling pathways,including the downregulation of TLR4,NLRP3,ATF3,CYP2J2,and LXR-α.PFS also increased hepatic concentrations of anti-inflammatory metabolites such as chlorquinaldol and indole-3-carboxaldehyde,while reducing levels of LysoPC(20:4)and phosphatidic acid.Correlation and mediation analyses revealed strong interconnections among gut microbiota,hepatic gene expression,lipid metabolites in liver and muscle,and systemic immune-antioxidant markers.Conclusion These findings highlight the microbiota-gut-liver-muscle axis as a central mechanism through which PFS enhances immune function and antioxidant capacity in lambs.PFS supplementation represents a promising nutritional strategy to improve healthy lamb production,supporting the development of antibiotic-free and sustainable livestock systems.
基金financially supported by projects 200903060CARS-39 from China Agricultural Ministry
文摘Background： Increasing the polyunsaturated fatty acid （PUFA） content and decreasing the saturated fatty acid （SFA） content of mutton can help to improve its nutritional value for consumers. Several laboratories have evaluated the effects of vitamin E on the fatty acid （FA） composition of muscle in sheep. However, little information is available on wool sheep, even though wool sheep breeds are an important source of mutton, especially in northern China where sheep are extensively farmed. The present study was designed to address the effects of vitamin E on muscle FA composition in male Aohan fine-wool sheep. Methods： Forty-two male Aohan fine-wool lambs （5 mo old） with similar initial body weight were randomly divided into seven groups and fed diets supplemented with 0 （control group）, 20, 100, 200, 1,000, 2,000, or 2,400 IU/sheep/d vitamin E for 12 mo. Three lambs from each group were slaughtered to measure vitamin E and FA content in the Iongissimus lumborum （LL） and gluteus medius （GM） muscles. Results： Vitamin E concentrations in the LL and GM increased significantly after 12 mo of vitamin E supplementation （P 〈 0.05）. However, this increase did not occur in a dose-dependent manner because the muscle vitamin E concentration was highest in the 200 IU/sheep/d group. Dietary vitamin E supplementation also caused a significant reduction in SFA content and an increase in monounsaturated FA （MUFA） content in the LL and GM （P 〈 0.05）. All six doses of vitamin E significantly increased cis9 tronsl -conjugated linoleic acid （cgtl -CLA） content in the LL compared with the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： Dietary supplementation with vitamin E increased muscle vitamin E content and improved the nutritional value of mutton by decreasing SFA content and increasing MUFA and c9tl 1-CLA contents in Aohan fine-wool sheep. These effects were greatest in sheep fed a diet containing 200 IU/sheep/d vitamin E.
基金funded by the Projects of China Agriculture Research System(CARS-38)Key Subject of Ningxia Province(2018BBF02016)。
文摘Background Lipid metabolism differs significantly between grazing and stall-feeding lambs,affecting the quality of livestock products.As two critical organs of lipid metabolism,the differences between feeding patterns on rumen and liver metabolism remain unclear.In this study,16S rRNA,metagenomics,transcriptomics,and untargeted metabolomics were utilized to investigate the key rumen microorganisms and metabolites,as well as liver genes and metabolites associated with fatty acid metabolism under indoor feeding(F)and grazing(G).Results Compared with grazing,indoor feeding increased ruminal propionate content.Using metagenome sequencing in combination with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing,the results showed that the abundance of propionate-producing Succiniclasticum and hydrogenating bacteria Tenericutes was enriched in the F group.For rumen metabolism,grazing caused up-regulation of EPA,DHA and oleic acid and down-regulation of decanoic acid,as well as,screening for 2-ketobutyric acid as a vital differential metabolite,which was enriched in the propionate metabolism pathway.In the liver,indoor feeding increased 3-hydroxypropanoate and citric acid content,causing changes in propionate metabolism and citrate cycle,while decreasing the ETA content.Then,the liver transcriptome revealed that 11 lipid-related genes were differentially expressed in the two feeding patterns.Correlation analysis showed that the expression of CYP4A6,FADS1,FADS2,ALDH6A1 and CYP2C23 was significantly associated with the propionate metabolism process,suggesting that propionate metabolism may be an important factor mediating the hepatic lipid metabolism.Besides,the unsaturated fatty acids in muscle,rumen and liver also had a close correlation.Conclusions Overall,our data demonstrated that rumen microbial-driven metabolite from grazing lambs potentially regulates multiple hepatic lipid-related genes,ultimately affecting body fatty acid metabolism.
文摘In markets for beef and sheep meat,an appropriate level of intramuscular fat(IMF)is highly desirable for meat-eating quality,but strategies to improve it usually lead to an undesirable excess in carcase fat,presenting a major challenge to livestock producers.To solve this problem,we need to understand the partitioning of fat among the major fat depots:IMF,subcutaneous fat(SCF)and visceral fat(VF).In most genotypes of cattle and sheep,the rate of accretion is lower for IMF than for SCF and VF,so genetic selection for a high level of IMF,or the use of an increased dietary energy supply to promote IMF deposition,will increase overall fatness and feed costs.On the other hand,feeding postnatal calves with excessive concentrates promotes IMF deposition,so a nutritional strategy is feasible.With genetic strategies,several problems arise:1)positive genetic correlations between IMF,SCF and VF differ among genotypes in both cattle and sheep;2)genotypes appear to have specific,characteristic rates of accretion of IMF during periods of growth and fattening;3)most breeds of cattle and sheep naturally produce meat with relatively low levels of IMF,but IMF does vary substantially among individuals and breeds so progress is possible through accurate measurement of IMF.Therefore,an essential prerequisite for se-lection will be knowledge of the genetic correlations and fat accretion rates for each genotype.Currently,selection for IMF is based on existing technology that directly measures IMF in the progeny or siblings,or estimates IMF in live animals.New technology is needed to permit the simultaneous measurement of SCF and IMF in the field,thus opening up the possibility of accurate selection,particularly for fat partitioning in live animals.Specifically,there would be great value in detecting individuals with an IMF advantage at an early age so the generation interval could be shortened and genetic gain accelerated.Genetic gain would also be greatly aided if we could select for genes that control adipogenesis and lipogenesis and are also differentially expressed in the various depots.
基金supported by the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-38)projects of Research and Demonstration on Key Technologies of Efficient Utilization of Modern Artificial Grassland(no.2017BY082).
文摘The formation mechanism of volatile compounds in Tan lamb meat under different feeding regimes remains unclear.This study aimed to determine whether the volatile compounds in meat are related to lipid metabolism in an attempt to improve the theoretical basis for increasing the yield and quality of lamb production.Results showed that the specialized pasture grazing with indoor feeding(GF)and indoor feeding only(F)regimes had advantages in terms of growth and carcass traits compared to the specialized pasture grazing only(G)regime.Lamb meat qualities of the GF group were in an intergrade position compared to those of the F and G groups.Although the lamb meat of the three groups had different aroma attributes,as measured using SPME-GC-MS,GF lamb meat had the most pleasant active compounds.In contrast,the expression of lipid transport genes was altered in all three groups.In summary,Tan lambs had different growth performance,intramuscular fat content,and composition under the three feeding regimes,which might be due to the differences in energy and lipid transport,resulting in unique volatile compound profiles in meat from different groups.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32192463)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-38).
文摘Adipose tissue is a key factor in regulating meat quality.In this study,lipidomics was used to investigate differentially expressed lipids(DELs)associated with fat deposition and flavour in subcutaneous adipose tissue(SAT)of lambs under different grazing intensities(moderate grazing(MG)and heavy grazing(HG))with different supplementary feeding levels(No supplementary(NS),low supplementary(LS)and high supplementary(HS)).The results revealed that carcass quality and economic bennefits under moderate grazing or supplementary feeding conditions were superior to those under heavy grazing or non-supplementation regimes.Compared with MG-NS,HG-NS maintained SAT deposition through increased cardiolipin(CL)levels,but compromised lipid quality through accumulation of sphingolipids(e.g.,sphingomyelin),posing potential health concerns.Under HG conditions,supplementation unexpectedly reduced flavor precursor phospholipids such as phosphatidylglycerol.In contrast,moderate grazing provided a healthier source of lamb meat,with supplementary feeding further improving SAT deposition and flavor precursors through coordinated increases in CL and phosphatidylserine,elevated unsaturated fatty acids.These findings demonstrate that moderate grazing combined with strategic supplementation synergistically enhances meat quality and economic benefits,while revealing critical linkages between grassland utilization practices,lipidome-driven meat attributes and human dietary health.
基金funded by several projects:Guangxi Key R&D Plan on breeding cold-resistant,complex aroma,high-quality golden passion fruit varieties(Guike AB23026070)Qinzhou Science and Technology Project on promoting heat-resistant golden passion fruit(Qinmi 9)in Qinnan District(20233207)+3 种基金Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences projects on identifying passion fruit germplasm resistant to flower rot disease(Guinongke 2025YP089),researching spring light complementation and flowering technologies for golden passion fruit(Qinmi 9)(Guinongke 2024YP088)Passion Fruit Research Stable Team Funding(Guinongke 2021YT123)Guangxi Academy Special Project(2024YP017)Science and Technology Development Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(Guinongke 2023YM104).
文摘This study investigated the effects of passion fruit peel pectin(PFP)on glucose and lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD).Fifty mice were divided into five groups:(1)normal diet(ND),(2)HFD,(3)HFD with orlistat(20 mg/kg/day,positive control,PC-HFD),(4)HFD with 300 mg/kg/day PFP(PFP1),and(5)HFD with 600 mg/kg/day PFP(PFP2)for 8 weeks.Compared to HFD,both PFP1 and PFP2 groups exhibited significant reductions in body weight(-3.9% and -4.4%),serum glucose(-17.6% and -20.4%),and hepatic lipid accumulation(-68.6% and -65.2% in oil red O-stained area).16S rRNA analysis showed that PFP increased SCFA-producing gut bacteria.Tax4Fun2 analysis predicted enrichment of microbial functional potential related to the host insulin resistance pathway in PFP-treated mice.Fecal metabolomics and SCFA analyses revealed increased levels of pyruvic acid,triglycerides,and acetic acid in feces.Liver transcriptomics showed enrichment of 7 genes in the insulin resistance pathway.Integrated analyses of 16S rRNA and multi-omics data suggested associations between PFP intervention and modulation of pathways related to insulin resistance and hepatic lipid metabolism.qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that PFP increased the mRNA expression of PI3K,AKT,INSR,IRS1,and GLUT4,while decreasing G6P expression.These findings suggest that PFP might improve certain aspects of metabolic dysregulation in HFD-fed mice,potentially through modulation of insulin sensitivity and hepatic lipid handling.
