Bubbles play crucial roles in various fields,including naval and ocean engineering,chemical engineering,and biochemical engineering.Numerous theoretical analyses,numerical simulations,and experimental studies have bee...Bubbles play crucial roles in various fields,including naval and ocean engineering,chemical engineering,and biochemical engineering.Numerous theoretical analyses,numerical simulations,and experimental studies have been conducted to reveal the mysteries of bubble motion and its mechanisms.These efforts have significantly advanced research in bubble dynamics,where theoretical study is an efficient method for bubble motion prediction.Since Lord Rayleigh introduced the theoretical model of single-bubble motion in incompressible fluid in 1917,theoretical studies have been pivotal in understanding bubble dynamics.This study provides a comprehensive review of the development and applicability of theoretical studies in bubble dynamics using typical theoretical bubble models across different periods as a focal point and an overview of bubble theory applications in underwater explosion,marine cavitation,and seismic exploration.This study aims to serve as a reference and catalyst for further advancements in theoretical analysis and practical applications of bubble theory across marine fields.展开更多
The explosive spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus(COVID-19)provides a unique chance to rethink the relationship between human activity and air pollution.Though related studies have revealed substantial reductions in ...The explosive spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus(COVID-19)provides a unique chance to rethink the relationship between human activity and air pollution.Though related studies have revealed substantial reductions in primary emissions,obvious differences do exist in the responses of secondary pollutants,like ozone(0_(3))pollution.However,the regional disparities of O_(3)responses and their causes have still not been fully investigated.To better elucidate the interrelationship between anthropogenic emissions,chemical production,and meteorological conditions,O_(3)responses caused by lockdowns over different regions were comprehensively explored at a global scale.Observational signals of air-quality change were derived from multi-year surface measurements and satellite retrievals.With similar substantial drops in nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2)),ozone shows rising signals in most areas of both East Asia and Europe,even up to~14 ppb,while a non-negligible declining signal exists in North America,by about 2-4 ppb.Furthermore,the drivers behind the different O_(3)responses are discussed based on meteorological analysis and O_(3)sensitivity diagnosis.On the one hand,O_(3)responses to NO_(2)declines can be affected by the primary dependence on its precursors.On the other hand,it is also highly dependent on meteorological factors,especially temperature.Our study further highlights the great importance of taking into consideration both the regional disparities and synergistic effects of precursor reductions and meteorological influence for scientific mitigation of O_(3)pollution.展开更多
Neutralizing antibodies have been designed to specifically target and bind to the receptor binding domain(RBD)of spike(S)protein to block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus from attaching...Neutralizing antibodies have been designed to specifically target and bind to the receptor binding domain(RBD)of spike(S)protein to block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus from attaching to angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2).This study reports a distinctive nanobody,designated as VHH21,that directly catalyzes the S-trimer into an irreversible transition state through postfusion conformational changes.Derived from camels immunized with multiple antigens,a set of nanobodies with high affinity for the S1 protein displays abilities to neutralize pseudovirion infections with a broad resistance to variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2,including SARS-CoV and BatRaTG13.Importantly,a super-resolution screening and analysis platform based on visual fluorescence probes was designed and applied to monitor single proteins and protein subunits.A spontaneously occurring dimeric form of VHH21 was obtained to rapidly destroy the S-trimer.Structural analysis via cryogenic electron microscopy revealed that VHH21 targets specific conserved epitopes on the S protein,distinct from the ACE2 binding site on the RBD,which destabilizes the fusion process.This research highlights the potential of VHH21 as an abzyme-like nanobody(nanoabzyme)possessing broad-spectrum binding capabilities and highly effective anti-viral properties and offers a promising strategy for combating coronavirus outbreaks.展开更多
Global temperature has increased at a rapid rate in recent decades,and the warming rate at night is observed higher than that during the daytime among different regions.Nighttime anomalous high temperatures may pose a...Global temperature has increased at a rapid rate in recent decades,and the warming rate at night is observed higher than that during the daytime among different regions.Nighttime anomalous high temperatures may pose an additional risk to human health and society.Nevertheless,less research has explored the spatiotemporal trend and the local atmospheric mechanism of nocturnal temperature anomaly around the world.Here,we investigate the spatiotemporal trend of nighttime temperature anomaly(NTA)from 1961 to 2023,and analyze the underlying physical mechanism related to different extents of positive temperature anomaly.We find that NTA showed a significantly increased trend worldwide,with an increasing rate of0.21°C/decade.At the continental scale,NTA has increased faster in North America,Asia,and Europe.The occurrence of positive NTA is generally associated with local increased cloud cover,precipitation,and humidity,which contribute to enhanced downward longwave radiation and greenhouse effect at night.On the inter-annual scale,NTA is positively related to the preceding winter Oceanic Ni?o Index,indicating the possible modulation of El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation on the global nocturnal temperature.Our results could help to understand the variation and influence mechanism of anomalous nighttime temperature in recent decades,and inform the forecast of and response to hot nights.展开更多
Monkeypox was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization,and as of March 2023,86,000 confirmed cases and 111 deaths across 110 countries have been reported.Its causal agent,monkeypox virus(MPV...Monkeypox was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization,and as of March 2023,86,000 confirmed cases and 111 deaths across 110 countries have been reported.Its causal agent,monkeypox virus(MPV)belongs to a large family of double-stranded DNA viruses,Orthopoxviridae,that also includes vaccinia virus(VACV)and others.MPV produces two distinct forms of viral particles during its replication cycles:the enveloped viron(EV)that is released via exocytosis,and the mature viron(MV)that is discharged through lysis of host cells.This study was designed to develop multi-valent m RNA vaccines against monkeypox EV and MV surface proteins,and examine their efficacy and mechanism of action.Four m RNA vaccines were produced with different combinations of surface proteins from EV(A35R and B6R),MV(A29L,E8L,H3L and M1R),or EV and MV,and were administered in Balb/c mice to assess their immunogenicity potentials.A dynamic immune response was observed as soon as seven days after initial immunization,while a strong Ig G response to all immunogens was detected with ELISA after two vaccinations.The higher number of immunogens contributed to a more robust total Ig G response and correlating neutralizing activity against VACV,indicating the additive potential of each immunogen in generating immune response and nullifying VACV infection.Further,the m RNA vaccines elicited an antigen-specific CD4^(+)T cell response that is biased towards Th1.The m RNA vaccines with different combinations of EVand MV surface antigens protected a mouse model from a lethal dose VACV challenge,with the EV and MV antigens-combined vaccine offering the strongest protection.These findings provide insight into the protective mechanism of multi-valent m RNAvaccines against MPV,and also the foundation for further development of effective and safe m RNA vaccines for enhanced protection against monkeypox virus outbreak.展开更多
China has announced an ambitious goal of peaking its carbon emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060.To realize carbon neutrality,China’s total electricity consumptions are projected to doubl...China has announced an ambitious goal of peaking its carbon emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060.To realize carbon neutrality,China’s total electricity consumptions are projected to double to 15 PW h(1 PW h=1012 kW h)by 2060,which would be mainly supported by renewable energies via a 16-fold increase in solar power and a 9-fold increase in wind power[1].展开更多
T follicular helper(Tfh)cells are crucial for regulating autoimmune inflammation and protective immunity against viral infection.However,the molecular mechanism controlling Tfh cell differentiation is poorly understoo...T follicular helper(Tfh)cells are crucial for regulating autoimmune inflammation and protective immunity against viral infection.However,the molecular mechanism controlling Tfh cell differentiation is poorly understood.Here,through two mixed bone marrow chimeric experiments,we identified Peli1,a T cell-enriched E3 ubiquitin ligase,as an intrinsic regulator that inhibits Tfh cell differentiation.Peli1 deficiency significantly promoted c-Rel-mediated inducible T-cell costimulator(ICOS)expression,and PELI1 mRNA expression was negatively associated with ICOS expression on human CD4^(+)T cells.Mechanistically,increased ICOS expression on Peli1-KO CD4^(+)T cells enhanced the activation of PI3K-AKT signaling and thus suppressed the expression of Klf2,a transcription factor that inhibits Tfh differentiation.Therefore,reconstitution of Klf2 abolished the differences in Tfh differentiation and germinal center reaction between WT and Peli1-KO cells.As a consequence,Peli1-deficient CD4^(+)T cells promoted lupus-like autoimmunity but protected against H1N1 influenza virus infection in mouse models.Collectively,our findings established Peli1 as a critical negative regulator of Tfh differentiation and indicated that targeting Peli1 may have beneficial therapeutic effects in Tfhrelated autoimmunity or infectious diseases.展开更多
Everincreasing ambient ozone(O3)pollution in China has been exacerbating cardiopulmonary premature deaths.However,the urban-rural exposure inequity has seldom been explored.Here,we assess populationcale 03 exposure an...Everincreasing ambient ozone(O3)pollution in China has been exacerbating cardiopulmonary premature deaths.However,the urban-rural exposure inequity has seldom been explored.Here,we assess populationcale 03 exposure and mortality burdens between 1990 and 2019 based on integrated pollution tracking and epidemiological evidence.We find Chinese population have been suffering from climbing 03 exposure by 4.3±2.8 ppb per decade as a result of rapid urbanization and growing prosperity of socioeconomic activities.Rural residents are broadly exposed to 9.8±4.1 ppb higher ambient O3 than the adjacent urban citizens,and thus urbaniza-tion-oriented migration compromises the exposure-associated mortality on total population.Cardiopulmonary excess premature deaths attributable to longterm 03 exposure,373,500(95%uncertainty interval[U]:240,600-510,900)in 2019,is underestimated in previous studies due to ignorance of cardiovascular causes.Future 03 pollution policy should focus more on rural population who are facing an aggravating threat of mortality risks to ameliorate environmental health injustice.展开更多
Regulatory T(T_(reg))cells play an essential role in maintaining immune balance across various physiological and pathological conditions.However,the mechanisms underlying T_(reg)homeostasis remain incompletely underst...Regulatory T(T_(reg))cells play an essential role in maintaining immune balance across various physiological and pathological conditions.However,the mechanisms underlying T_(reg)homeostasis remain incompletely understood.Here,we report that RIPK1 is crucial for T_(reg) cell survival and homeostasis.We generated mice with T_(reg) cell-specific ablation of Ripk1 and found that these mice developed fatal systemic autoimmunity due to a dramatic reduction in the Treg cell compartment caused by excessive cell death.Unlike conventional T cells,Treg cells with Ripk1 deficiency were only partially rescued from cell death by blocking FADD-dependent apoptosis.However,simultaneous removal of both Fadd and Ripk3 completely restored the homeostasis of Ripk1-deficient Treg cells by blocking two cell death pathways.Thus,our study highlights the critical role of RIPK1 in regulating Treg cell homeostasis by controlling both apoptosis and necroptosis,thereby providing novel insights into the mechanisms of Treg cell homeostasis.展开更多
ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES Before the advent ofmodern medicine,childbirth carried extremely high risk of mortality,both maternal and perinatal(the period beginning at the 20–28th week of gestation and ending at 1–4...ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES Before the advent ofmodern medicine,childbirth carried extremely high risk of mortality,both maternal and perinatal(the period beginning at the 20–28th week of gestation and ending at 1–4 weeks after delivery).Fortunately,with advances in prenatal healthcare,the prevalence of maternal and perinatal mortalities has significantly reduced.A press conference held on May 30,2022,by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China,reviewed the major progress and achievements in Chinese maternal and child health over the past decade.It highlighted that the maternal mortality rate dropped to 161 per million in 2021,the lowest level in recorded history.展开更多
Large-scale electric vehicle(EV)deployment powered by renewable electricity has the potential to drastically change the environmental impacts of road transportation.The transportation sector is a major contributor to ...Large-scale electric vehicle(EV)deployment powered by renewable electricity has the potential to drastically change the environmental impacts of road transportation.The transportation sector is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions[1,2],air pollution,and related health impacts[3].Renewable-powered EVs substantially decrease fossil fuel consumption and are a pivotal technology to reduce transportation’s climate burden while also substantially improving air quality and public health.However.展开更多
文摘Bubbles play crucial roles in various fields,including naval and ocean engineering,chemical engineering,and biochemical engineering.Numerous theoretical analyses,numerical simulations,and experimental studies have been conducted to reveal the mysteries of bubble motion and its mechanisms.These efforts have significantly advanced research in bubble dynamics,where theoretical study is an efficient method for bubble motion prediction.Since Lord Rayleigh introduced the theoretical model of single-bubble motion in incompressible fluid in 1917,theoretical studies have been pivotal in understanding bubble dynamics.This study provides a comprehensive review of the development and applicability of theoretical studies in bubble dynamics using typical theoretical bubble models across different periods as a focal point and an overview of bubble theory applications in underwater explosion,marine cavitation,and seismic exploration.This study aims to serve as a reference and catalyst for further advancements in theoretical analysis and practical applications of bubble theory across marine fields.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 91744311 and 41922038]the International Cooperation project of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Agency[grant number BZ2017066].
文摘The explosive spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus(COVID-19)provides a unique chance to rethink the relationship between human activity and air pollution.Though related studies have revealed substantial reductions in primary emissions,obvious differences do exist in the responses of secondary pollutants,like ozone(0_(3))pollution.However,the regional disparities of O_(3)responses and their causes have still not been fully investigated.To better elucidate the interrelationship between anthropogenic emissions,chemical production,and meteorological conditions,O_(3)responses caused by lockdowns over different regions were comprehensively explored at a global scale.Observational signals of air-quality change were derived from multi-year surface measurements and satellite retrievals.With similar substantial drops in nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2)),ozone shows rising signals in most areas of both East Asia and Europe,even up to~14 ppb,while a non-negligible declining signal exists in North America,by about 2-4 ppb.Furthermore,the drivers behind the different O_(3)responses are discussed based on meteorological analysis and O_(3)sensitivity diagnosis.On the one hand,O_(3)responses to NO_(2)declines can be affected by the primary dependence on its precursors.On the other hand,it is also highly dependent on meteorological factors,especially temperature.Our study further highlights the great importance of taking into consideration both the regional disparities and synergistic effects of precursor reductions and meteorological influence for scientific mitigation of O_(3)pollution.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92374206,82225037,31900871,and 32241027)National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFA1303602 and 2021YFA1301402)+4 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(Nos.XDB37030206,XDB29040102,XDB37040101,and XDB29030103)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.ZD2021CY001)Basic Research Program Based on Major Scientific Infrastructures of CAS(No.JZHKYPT-2021-05)Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of CAS(No.ZGD-2023-05)Beijing Nova Program(No.20230484239 to Duanfang Cao).
文摘Neutralizing antibodies have been designed to specifically target and bind to the receptor binding domain(RBD)of spike(S)protein to block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus from attaching to angiotensin converting enzyme 2(ACE2).This study reports a distinctive nanobody,designated as VHH21,that directly catalyzes the S-trimer into an irreversible transition state through postfusion conformational changes.Derived from camels immunized with multiple antigens,a set of nanobodies with high affinity for the S1 protein displays abilities to neutralize pseudovirion infections with a broad resistance to variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2,including SARS-CoV and BatRaTG13.Importantly,a super-resolution screening and analysis platform based on visual fluorescence probes was designed and applied to monitor single proteins and protein subunits.A spontaneously occurring dimeric form of VHH21 was obtained to rapidly destroy the S-trimer.Structural analysis via cryogenic electron microscopy revealed that VHH21 targets specific conserved epitopes on the S protein,distinct from the ACE2 binding site on the RBD,which destabilizes the fusion process.This research highlights the potential of VHH21 as an abzyme-like nanobody(nanoabzyme)possessing broad-spectrum binding capabilities and highly effective anti-viral properties and offers a promising strategy for combating coronavirus outbreaks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42475191)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities-Cemac‘Geo X’Interdisciplinary Program(Grant No.2024300245)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province。
文摘Global temperature has increased at a rapid rate in recent decades,and the warming rate at night is observed higher than that during the daytime among different regions.Nighttime anomalous high temperatures may pose an additional risk to human health and society.Nevertheless,less research has explored the spatiotemporal trend and the local atmospheric mechanism of nocturnal temperature anomaly around the world.Here,we investigate the spatiotemporal trend of nighttime temperature anomaly(NTA)from 1961 to 2023,and analyze the underlying physical mechanism related to different extents of positive temperature anomaly.We find that NTA showed a significantly increased trend worldwide,with an increasing rate of0.21°C/decade.At the continental scale,NTA has increased faster in North America,Asia,and Europe.The occurrence of positive NTA is generally associated with local increased cloud cover,precipitation,and humidity,which contribute to enhanced downward longwave radiation and greenhouse effect at night.On the inter-annual scale,NTA is positively related to the preceding winter Oceanic Ni?o Index,indicating the possible modulation of El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation on the global nocturnal temperature.Our results could help to understand the variation and influence mechanism of anomalous nighttime temperature in recent decades,and inform the forecast of and response to hot nights.
基金the National Science and Technology Major Projects(2021YFC2300704)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1301402,2018YFA0903700)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24010400)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(ZD2021CY001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270695,31972881)support from Lingang Laboratory(Shanghai,China)。
文摘Monkeypox was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization,and as of March 2023,86,000 confirmed cases and 111 deaths across 110 countries have been reported.Its causal agent,monkeypox virus(MPV)belongs to a large family of double-stranded DNA viruses,Orthopoxviridae,that also includes vaccinia virus(VACV)and others.MPV produces two distinct forms of viral particles during its replication cycles:the enveloped viron(EV)that is released via exocytosis,and the mature viron(MV)that is discharged through lysis of host cells.This study was designed to develop multi-valent m RNA vaccines against monkeypox EV and MV surface proteins,and examine their efficacy and mechanism of action.Four m RNA vaccines were produced with different combinations of surface proteins from EV(A35R and B6R),MV(A29L,E8L,H3L and M1R),or EV and MV,and were administered in Balb/c mice to assess their immunogenicity potentials.A dynamic immune response was observed as soon as seven days after initial immunization,while a strong Ig G response to all immunogens was detected with ELISA after two vaccinations.The higher number of immunogens contributed to a more robust total Ig G response and correlating neutralizing activity against VACV,indicating the additive potential of each immunogen in generating immune response and nullifying VACV infection.Further,the m RNA vaccines elicited an antigen-specific CD4^(+)T cell response that is biased towards Th1.The m RNA vaccines with different combinations of EVand MV surface antigens protected a mouse model from a lethal dose VACV challenge,with the EV and MV antigens-combined vaccine offering the strongest protection.These findings provide insight into the protective mechanism of multi-valent m RNAvaccines against MPV,and also the foundation for further development of effective and safe m RNA vaccines for enhanced protection against monkeypox virus outbreak.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41988101 and 42171360)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0603604)。
文摘China has announced an ambitious goal of peaking its carbon emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060.To realize carbon neutrality,China’s total electricity consumptions are projected to double to 15 PW h(1 PW h=1012 kW h)by 2060,which would be mainly supported by renewable energies via a 16-fold increase in solar power and a 9-fold increase in wind power[1].
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0107201,2018YFA0902703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82030041,81770567)+4 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB39030300)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(20XD1424600)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(KFZD-SW-216)the Thousand Young Talents Plan of Chinathe CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor.
文摘T follicular helper(Tfh)cells are crucial for regulating autoimmune inflammation and protective immunity against viral infection.However,the molecular mechanism controlling Tfh cell differentiation is poorly understood.Here,through two mixed bone marrow chimeric experiments,we identified Peli1,a T cell-enriched E3 ubiquitin ligase,as an intrinsic regulator that inhibits Tfh cell differentiation.Peli1 deficiency significantly promoted c-Rel-mediated inducible T-cell costimulator(ICOS)expression,and PELI1 mRNA expression was negatively associated with ICOS expression on human CD4^(+)T cells.Mechanistically,increased ICOS expression on Peli1-KO CD4^(+)T cells enhanced the activation of PI3K-AKT signaling and thus suppressed the expression of Klf2,a transcription factor that inhibits Tfh differentiation.Therefore,reconstitution of Klf2 abolished the differences in Tfh differentiation and germinal center reaction between WT and Peli1-KO cells.As a consequence,Peli1-deficient CD4^(+)T cells promoted lupus-like autoimmunity but protected against H1N1 influenza virus infection in mouse models.Collectively,our findings established Peli1 as a critical negative regulator of Tfh differentiation and indicated that targeting Peli1 may have beneficial therapeutic effects in Tfhrelated autoimmunity or infectious diseases.
基金UK Natural Environment Research Council(NERC)UK Na tional Centre for Atmospheric Science(NCAS),Australian Research Council(DP210102076)+8 种基金Australian National Health and Medical Research Council(APP2000581)H.Z.S andM.W.receive funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC)via the UK Research and Innovation(UKRI)Centre for Doctoral Training in Application of Artificial Itelligence to the study of Environmental Risks(AI4ER,EP/S022961/1)HZ.S.also gives thanks for generous support from the US Fulbright Pro-gram.P.Y.is supported by China Scholarship Council(no.201906210065)Z.S.acknow-edges support from the UKRI NERC Cambridge Climate,Life and Earth Doctoral Training Partnership(C-CL EAR DTP,NE/S007164/1)M.M.C.is sponsored by the Croucher Founda-tion and Cambridge Commonwealth,European and Intemational Trust funding through a Croucher Cambridge Intemational ScholarshipH.L.is supported by the National NaturalSci ence Foundation of China(no.42061130213)Royal Society of the United Kingdom through the Newton Advanced Fllowship(NAF/R1/201166)A.TA.acknowledges funding from NERC(NE/P016383/1)through the Met Office UKRI Clean Air Program.Y.G.is supported by a Career Development Fellowship of the Australian Natinal Health and Med-|cal Research Council(APP1163693)Special appreciation is extended to Prof.Xiao Lu(School of Atmospheric Sciences,Sun Yat sen University)for his insightful discussion on the quality control of TOAR and CNEMC observations,and Prof.Aiyu Liu(Department of Sociology,Peking University)for her trenchant research perspectives on China's urbanization,to improve this curent interdiscilinary research.
文摘Everincreasing ambient ozone(O3)pollution in China has been exacerbating cardiopulmonary premature deaths.However,the urban-rural exposure inequity has seldom been explored.Here,we assess populationcale 03 exposure and mortality burdens between 1990 and 2019 based on integrated pollution tracking and epidemiological evidence.We find Chinese population have been suffering from climbing 03 exposure by 4.3±2.8 ppb per decade as a result of rapid urbanization and growing prosperity of socioeconomic activities.Rural residents are broadly exposed to 9.8±4.1 ppb higher ambient O3 than the adjacent urban citizens,and thus urbaniza-tion-oriented migration compromises the exposure-associated mortality on total population.Cardiopulmonary excess premature deaths attributable to longterm 03 exposure,373,500(95%uncertainty interval[U]:240,600-510,900)in 2019,is underestimated in previous studies due to ignorance of cardiovascular causes.Future 03 pollution policy should focus more on rural population who are facing an aggravating threat of mortality risks to ameliorate environmental health injustice.
基金supported by the following grants:National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1301402)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(ZD2021CY001)+4 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFE0200900,2022YFA0807300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82101833,82073901)Three-year Action Plan for Shanghai TCM Development and Inheritance Program[ZY(2021-2023)-0103]Top-level Clinical Discipline Project of Shanghai Pudong District(grant/award number:PWYgf 2021-01)Training Plan for Discipline Leaders of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission(grant/award number:PWRd2020-09).
文摘Regulatory T(T_(reg))cells play an essential role in maintaining immune balance across various physiological and pathological conditions.However,the mechanisms underlying T_(reg)homeostasis remain incompletely understood.Here,we report that RIPK1 is crucial for T_(reg) cell survival and homeostasis.We generated mice with T_(reg) cell-specific ablation of Ripk1 and found that these mice developed fatal systemic autoimmunity due to a dramatic reduction in the Treg cell compartment caused by excessive cell death.Unlike conventional T cells,Treg cells with Ripk1 deficiency were only partially rescued from cell death by blocking FADD-dependent apoptosis.However,simultaneous removal of both Fadd and Ripk3 completely restored the homeostasis of Ripk1-deficient Treg cells by blocking two cell death pathways.Thus,our study highlights the critical role of RIPK1 in regulating Treg cell homeostasis by controlling both apoptosis and necroptosis,thereby providing novel insights into the mechanisms of Treg cell homeostasis.
基金supports in the establishment of ZEBRA.Research receives funding from Zhejiang Province Health Innovative Talent Project(A0466)and International Cooperation Seed ProgramofWomen’s Hospital,Zhejiang University(GH2022B008-01).
文摘ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES Before the advent ofmodern medicine,childbirth carried extremely high risk of mortality,both maternal and perinatal(the period beginning at the 20–28th week of gestation and ending at 1–4 weeks after delivery).Fortunately,with advances in prenatal healthcare,the prevalence of maternal and perinatal mortalities has significantly reduced.A press conference held on May 30,2022,by the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China,reviewed the major progress and achievements in Chinese maternal and child health over the past decade.It highlighted that the maternal mortality rate dropped to 161 per million in 2021,the lowest level in recorded history.
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71974092).
文摘Large-scale electric vehicle(EV)deployment powered by renewable electricity has the potential to drastically change the environmental impacts of road transportation.The transportation sector is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions[1,2],air pollution,and related health impacts[3].Renewable-powered EVs substantially decrease fossil fuel consumption and are a pivotal technology to reduce transportation’s climate burden while also substantially improving air quality and public health.However.
