The activation of the sirtuin1(SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)pathway has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage by reducing ...The activation of the sirtuin1(SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)pathway has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage by reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Clinical trials have demonstrated that Zhongfeng Xingnao Liquid(ZFXN)ameliorates post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI).However,the underlying mechanism,particularly whether it involves protecting mitochondria and inhibiting apoptosis through the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway,remains unclear.This study employed an oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)cell model using SHSY5Y cells and induced PSCI in rats through modified bilateral carotid artery ligation(2VO).The effects of ZFXN on learning and memory,neuroprotective activity,mitochondrial function,oxidative stress,and the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro.Results indicated that ZFXN significantly increased the B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl2)/Bcl2-associated X(Bax)ratio,reduced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nickend-labeling(TUNEL)+cells,and markedly improved cognition,synaptic plasticity,and neuronal function in the hippocampus and cortex.Furthermore,ZFXN exhibited potent antioxidant activity,evidenced by decreased ROS and malondialdehyde(MDA)content and increased superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione(GSH)levels.ZFXN also demonstrated considerable enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),Tom 20 fluorescence intensity,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and energy charge(EC)levels,and mitochondrial complexⅠandⅢactivity,thereby inhibiting mitochondrial damage.Additionally,ZFXN significantly increased SIRT1 activity and elevated SIRT1,nuclear Nrf2,and HO-1 levels.Notably,these effects were substantially counteracted when SIRT1 was suppressed by the inhibitor EX-527 in vitro.In conclusion,ZFXN alleviates PSCI by activating the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and preventing mitochondrial damage.展开更多
Peel color is an important appearance quality of melons that significantly affects consumer preferences.In this study,a near-isogenic line NIL-G(dark green peel)was generated from B8(grey-green peel)and B15(white peel...Peel color is an important appearance quality of melons that significantly affects consumer preferences.In this study,a near-isogenic line NIL-G(dark green peel)was generated from B8(grey-green peel)and B15(white peel).The F_2 population constructed by crossing NIL-G and B15 was used to study the inheritance pattern of peel color,and bulked-segregant analysis sequencing(BSA-seq)was employed to identify the interval in which the target gene was located.Genetic analysis showed that a dominant gene controls the dark green peel trait at maturity.BSAseq and molecular markers were used to localize the candidate gene in a 263.7 kb interval of chromosome 4,which contained the CmAPRR2 gene with known functions.Moreover,allelic sequence analysis revealed four SNP variations of the CmAPRR2 gene in B15,of which SNP.G614331A was located at the junction of the 6th exon and 6th intron.The G-to-A mutation caused alternative splicing of the transcript of CmAPRR2 in B15,generating two transcripts(CmAPRR2-A and CmAPRR2-B)with premature termination codons.Furthermore,the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)marker,APRR2-G/A,was developed based on this SNP and shown to co-segregate with the peel color phenotype in the F_(2) population.Compared to white-peel B15,the expression level of CmAPRR2 in dark green peel NIL-G was higher at each growth stage.Therefore,CmAPRR2 may be the key gene controlling the fruit color of melons.This study identified a novel allelic variant of CmAPRR2 that leads to white peel formation in mature melons.We also provides a theoretical basis for further research on the gene regulatory mechanism of melon peel colors,which promotes using molecular marker-assisted selection to modify melon peel colors in the future.展开更多
Background Organic selenium(Se)has gained recognition in poultry nutrition as a feed additive to boost production and Se deposition in eggs and tissues,owing to its high bioavailability,efficient tissue accumulation a...Background Organic selenium(Se)has gained recognition in poultry nutrition as a feed additive to boost production and Se deposition in eggs and tissues,owing to its high bioavailability,efficient tissue accumulation and minimal toxicity.Selenium-enriched yeast(SeY)is a well-established source,while selenium-enriched lactobacilli(SeL),a newer alternative,offers the added benefits of probiotics.This study examined the effects of SeY and SeL on egg quality,antioxidant capacity,Se deposition,and gut health in laying hens.After a two-week pre-treatment with a Sedeficient diet(SeD),450 Hy-Line Brown laying hens(30-week-old)were assigned into five dietary groups with six replicates of 15 hens each.The groups included a SeD,SeD supplemented with 1.5 mg Se/kg from SeY(SeY15),or 1.5,3.0,and 6.0 mg Se/kg from SeL(SeL15,SeL30,SeL60).The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks.Results SeY15 and SeL15 improved the feed-to-egg ratio(P<0.05)in the latter stages.Haugh units were significantly increased(P<0.05)in the SeY15 and SeL30 groups,while darker yolk color(P<0.05)was observed in the SeY15,SeL15,and SeL60 groups.All Se-supplemented diets increased Se content in whole eggs,albumen,and yolk(P<0.05),while SeL groups showed a dose-dependent effect.Antioxidant enzyme activities increased,and MDA content decreased in the serum(P<0.05),with SeY15 showing the highest GSH-Px levels(P<0.05).SeL60 increased serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase,and distorted the liver architecture(P<0.05).Se-diets reduced concentrations of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the ileum and liver(P<0.05).SeL15 improved the ileal villus height-tocrypt depth ratio(P<0.05).SeY15 and/or SeL15 up-regulated TXNRD1 and SEPHS1 mRNA while down-regulating SCLY expression in the liver.SeY15 altered ileal microbiota by increasing both beneficial and pathogenic bacteria,whereas SeL15 predominantly boosted beneficial bacteria.Conclusion SeL integrates the antioxidant properties of organic Se with the probiotic benefits on gut health,resulting in a performance-enhancing effect comparable to that of SeY.However,high SeL level(6.0 mg Se/kg)compromised productivity and metabolic functions while enhancing Se deposition.展开更多
1.Introduction As a key development of the next-generation spatial information infrastructure,1the Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Network(STIN)has become a strategic priority actively pursued by major spacefaring na...1.Introduction As a key development of the next-generation spatial information infrastructure,1the Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Network(STIN)has become a strategic priority actively pursued by major spacefaring nations and regions,including the United States,Europe,China,and Russia.Specifically,Space X’s Starlink project has deployed over 6750 satellites,2while One Web has completed its initial phase of satellite constellation deployment with more than 600 satellites.展开更多
As the global population continues to expand,the demand for broiler chicken production to supply safe and high-quality meat is increasing.To meet this ever-growing demand,broiler chickens with enhanced growth performa...As the global population continues to expand,the demand for broiler chicken production to supply safe and high-quality meat is increasing.To meet this ever-growing demand,broiler chickens with enhanced growth performance are being developed,but they often face challenges related to oxidative stress,which can adversely affect gut health.Phytobiotics,which are plant-derived feed additives known for their antimicrobial,antioxidant,immune-modulating,and growth-promoting properties,have emerged as promising natural alternatives to synthetic antibiotics.This review consolidates recent advancements in the use of phytobiotics-derived products from leaves,roots,seeds,flowers,and their extracts in broiler diets reared under standard experimental conditions,without the introduction of stressors.The focus is on elucidating the key mechanisms through which phytobiotics improve gut health,includ-ing their effects on gut morphology,integrity,microflora composition,antioxidant capacity,and immune function.The review highlights the potential of phytobiotics to revolutionize broiler nutrition by acting as natural enhancers of gut health.Research findings reveal that phytobiotics significantly improve intestinal health,and boost growth per-formance,offering a sustainable approach to managing to gut dysfunction.These findings indicate a potential shift in how gut-health related challenges in broilers can be addressed,moving towards natural phytobiotic therapy.How-ever,several challenges persist.Optimizing the dosage of phytobiotics,ensuring consistent performance,and over-coming the limitations related to their extraction and application are key areas requiring further investigation.The review emphasizes the importance of continued research to refine phytobiotic formulations,explore synergistic effects,and incorporate advanced technologies such as AI-driven methods and precision nutrition to tailor feeding strategies more effectively.Additionally,the development of innovative delivery systems,such as nanoencapsula-tion,is suggested as a way to enhance the effectiveness and reliability of phytobiotics.By highlighting the potential of phytobiotics to revolutionize broiler nutrition,this review supports the poultry industry’s shift towards antibiotic-free and sustainable dietary solutions,offering new perspectives on the future of broiler chicken production.展开更多
This study examined the effect of dietary serine(Ser)on egg white quality,ovomucin content of laying hens fed low-gossypol cottonseed meal(LCSM)-based diet and sought to explore the regulatory mechanism underlying the...This study examined the effect of dietary serine(Ser)on egg white quality,ovomucin content of laying hens fed low-gossypol cottonseed meal(LCSM)-based diet and sought to explore the regulatory mechanism underlying the effects.A total of 288 Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly assigned into 3 treatments and respectively offered soybean meal(SBM)-based diet,LCSM-based diet,and LCSM-based diet supplemented with 0.435%L-Ser.Dietary Ser supplementation reversed the decrease in quality indices of albumen,including the proportion of thick albumen(P<0.05),thick-to-thin ratio(P<0.05),albumen height(P<0.05),Haugh unit(P<0.05),and apparent viscosity that were caused by LCSM intake.Also,dietary Ser supplementation mitigated the LCSM-induced reduction in ovomucin content of the albumen(P<0.05).FT-IR analysis of ovomucin revealed differences in second derivative spectra at 1,200-800 cm^(-1) between birds received SBM-and LCSM-based diets,meanwhile,the α-helix of ovomucin was decreased by LCSM but increased by Ser addition(P<0.05).Furthermore,Ser addition up-regulated the mRNA expression of β-ovomucin in magnum mucosa at 2 and 7.5 h post-oviposition(P<0.05).Ser mitigated the LCSMinduced impairment of magnum epithelium,increased goblet cell counts(P<0.05),and up-regulated the expression of occludin,mucin 2,and the relevant glycosyltransferases for O-glycosylation in magnum mucosa(P<0.05).Conclusively,the alleviating effect of Ser on declining albumen quality due to dietary LCSM,could be explained by the efficacy of Ser in regulating ovomucin synthesis.This regulation occurred at the levels of transcription and posttranscriptional O-glycosylation modification ofβ-ovomucin,while positive effect on magnum morphology and barrier function could also in part account for the ovomucin content.This would provide a promising research direction on the adoption of nutritional interventions for manipulation of egg white quality from perspectives of albumen protein synthesis.展开更多
In this work,we consider an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)aided covert edge computing architecture,where multiple sensors are scattered with a certain distance on the ground.The sensor can implement several computation ...In this work,we consider an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)aided covert edge computing architecture,where multiple sensors are scattered with a certain distance on the ground.The sensor can implement several computation tasks.In an emergency scenario,the computational capabilities of sensors are often limited,as seen in vehicular networks or Internet of Things(IoT)networks.The UAV can be utilized to undertake parts of the computation tasks,i.e.,edge computing.While various studies have advanced the performance of UAV-based edge computing systems,the security of wireless transmission in future 6G networks is becoming increasingly crucial due to its inherent broadcast nature,yet it has not received adequate attention.In this paper,we improve the covert performance in a UAV aided edge computing system.Parts of the computation tasks of multiple ground sensors are offloaded to the UAV,where the sensors offload the computing tasks to the UAV,and Willie around detects the transmissions.The transmit power of sensors,the offloading proportions of sensors and the hovering height of the UAV affect the system covert performance,we propose a deep reinforcement learning framework to jointly optimize them.The proposed algorithm minimizes the system average task processing delay while guaranteeing that the transmissions of sensors are not detected by the Willie under the covertness constraint.Extensive simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to decrease the average task processing delay with comparison with other algorithms.展开更多
Designing catalysts with high reaction efficiency is essential for reducing heavy metal Cr(VI)ions in wastewater via microwave induction.In this paper,a unique microwave-responsive lychee-like Ni/C/ZnFe_(2)O_(4) compo...Designing catalysts with high reaction efficiency is essential for reducing heavy metal Cr(VI)ions in wastewater via microwave induction.In this paper,a unique microwave-responsive lychee-like Ni/C/ZnFe_(2)O_(4) composite catalyst with a double-shell hollow porous heterojunction structure was constructed for the efficient reduction of Cr(VI).Benefiting from the novel hollow porous structure and“carbon nanocage”structure of the Ni/C/ZnFe_(2)O_(4),coupled with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption ability,the prepared lychee-like Ni/C/ZnFe_(2)O_(4) com-posite catalyst could remove up to 98%of Cr(VI)(50 mg L 1,50 mL)after 40 min of microwave irradiation,even in nearly neutral water conditions.Additionally,density functional theory calculations indicated that the heterojunction interface between Ni/C and ZnFe_(2)O_(4) enhances electron transfer from ZnFe_(2)O_(4) to Ni/C,ultimately facilitating the removal of Cr(VI).Furthermore,the incorporation of Ni/C facilitated the 2 acceleration of H ion transfer to*Cr_(2)O_(7),thereby expediting the conversion kinetics of the latter.This research aims to establish a theoretical and experimental foundation for the effective and stable microwave-assisted catalytic reduction of heavy metal Cr(VI)ions,presenting new insights and methods to combat heavy metal contamination.展开更多
Owing to their multi-elemental compositions and unique high-entropy mixing states,high-entropy alloy(HEA)nanoparticles(NPs)displaying tunable activities and enhanced stabilities thus have become a rapidly growing area...Owing to their multi-elemental compositions and unique high-entropy mixing states,high-entropy alloy(HEA)nanoparticles(NPs)displaying tunable activities and enhanced stabilities thus have become a rapidly growing area of research in recent years.However,the integration of multiple elements into HEA NPs at the nanoscale remains a formidable challenge,especially when it comes to the precise control of particle size,elemental composition and content.Herein,a simple and universal high-energy laser assisted reduction approach is presented,which achieves the preparation of HEA NPs with a wide range of multi-component,controllable particle sizes and constitution on different substrates within seconds.Laser on carbon nanofibers induced momentary high-temperature annealing(>2000 K and ramping/cooling rates>10^(5)K s^(-1))to successfully decorate HEA NPs up to twenty elements with excellent compatibility for large-scale synthesis(20.0×20.0 cm^(2)of carbon cloth).The IrPdPtRhRu exhibit robust electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)activities and low overpotentials of 16,28,and 12 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)in alkaline(1.0 M KOH),alkaline simulated seawater(1.0 M KOH+0.5 M NaCl),and acidic(0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4))electrolytes,respectively,and excellent stability(7 days and>2000 cycles)at the alkaline HER.展开更多
Most modern face recognition and classification systems mainly rely on hand-crafted image feature descriptors. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning algorithm combining unsupervised and supervised learning n...Most modern face recognition and classification systems mainly rely on hand-crafted image feature descriptors. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning algorithm combining unsupervised and supervised learning named deep belief network embedded with Softmax regress (DBNESR) as a natural source for obtaining additional, complementary hierarchical representations, which helps to relieve us from the complicated hand-crafted feature-design step. DBNESR first learns hierarchical representations of feature by greedy layer-wise unsupervised learning in a feed-forward (bottom-up) and back-forward (top-down) manner and then makes more efficient recognition with Softmax regress by supervised learning. As a comparison with the algorithms only based on supervised learning, we again propose and design many kinds of classifiers: BP, HBPNNs, RBF, HRBFNNs, SVM and multiple classification decision fusion classifier (MCDFC)—hybrid HBPNNs-HRBFNNs-SVM classifier. The conducted experiments validate: Firstly, the proposed DBNESR is optimal for face recognition with the highest and most stable recognition rates;second, the algorithm combining unsupervised and supervised learning has better effect than all supervised learning algorithms;third, hybrid neural networks have better effect than single model neural network;fourth, the average recognition rate and variance of these algorithms in order of the largest to the smallest are respectively shown as DBNESR, MCDFC, SVM, HRBFNNs, RBF, HBPNNs, BP and BP, RBF, HBPNNs, HRBFNNs, SVM, MCDFC, DBNESR;at last, it reflects hierarchical representations of feature by DBNESR in terms of its capability of modeling hard artificial intelligent tasks.展开更多
Precipitates,including silicides and Ti3 Al(α2)phase,and alloying elements distribution in a near a titanium alloy Ti65(Ti-5.8 Al-4.0 Sn-3.5 Zr-0.5 Mo-0.3 Nb-1.0 Ta-0.4 Si-0.8 W-0.05 C)after solution treatment and ag...Precipitates,including silicides and Ti3 Al(α2)phase,and alloying elements distribution in a near a titanium alloy Ti65(Ti-5.8 Al-4.0 Sn-3.5 Zr-0.5 Mo-0.3 Nb-1.0 Ta-0.4 Si-0.8 W-0.05 C)after solution treatment and aging process were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and atom probe tomography(APT).Quantitative composition analysis and TEM observation indicate that the silicides fit to(Ti,Zr)6(Sl,Sn)3.Zr exhibits aβ-stabilizing effect in near a titanium alloys but is weaker than otherβstabilizing elements.The enriching tendency of the alloying elements in the retainedβphase is in the order of Zr<Nb<Ta<Mo<W.The experimental results are rationalized by the relative stability of alloying elements in the a andβphases and the mobility of these atoms in the matrix.An enrichment of Si in theα2 phase over theαmatrix phase is noticed,which is attributed to the lower formation energy of Si in theα2 phase.展开更多
基金supported by the Science&Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2019YFS0040)the Improvement Plan of“Xinglin Scholar”Scientific Research Talent,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.XKTD2022002)。
文摘The activation of the sirtuin1(SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)pathway has been shown to mitigate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial damage by reducing reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels.Clinical trials have demonstrated that Zhongfeng Xingnao Liquid(ZFXN)ameliorates post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI).However,the underlying mechanism,particularly whether it involves protecting mitochondria and inhibiting apoptosis through the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway,remains unclear.This study employed an oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)cell model using SHSY5Y cells and induced PSCI in rats through modified bilateral carotid artery ligation(2VO).The effects of ZFXN on learning and memory,neuroprotective activity,mitochondrial function,oxidative stress,and the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro.Results indicated that ZFXN significantly increased the B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl2)/Bcl2-associated X(Bax)ratio,reduced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d UTP nickend-labeling(TUNEL)+cells,and markedly improved cognition,synaptic plasticity,and neuronal function in the hippocampus and cortex.Furthermore,ZFXN exhibited potent antioxidant activity,evidenced by decreased ROS and malondialdehyde(MDA)content and increased superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and glutathione(GSH)levels.ZFXN also demonstrated considerable enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),Tom 20 fluorescence intensity,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and energy charge(EC)levels,and mitochondrial complexⅠandⅢactivity,thereby inhibiting mitochondrial damage.Additionally,ZFXN significantly increased SIRT1 activity and elevated SIRT1,nuclear Nrf2,and HO-1 levels.Notably,these effects were substantially counteracted when SIRT1 was suppressed by the inhibitor EX-527 in vitro.In conclusion,ZFXN alleviates PSCI by activating the SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and preventing mitochondrial damage.
基金supported by the Innovation and Development Program of Beijing Vegetable Research Center,China(KYCX202301)the Construction of Cucurbits Collaboration and Innovation Center,China(XTCX202301)+3 种基金the Youth Research Fund of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,China(QNJJ202426)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20229 and 32102397)the Scientific Research Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions for Distinguished Young Scholars in Anhui Province,China(2022AH020037)and the Key Research and Development Projects of Anhui Province,China(2023z04020019)。
文摘Peel color is an important appearance quality of melons that significantly affects consumer preferences.In this study,a near-isogenic line NIL-G(dark green peel)was generated from B8(grey-green peel)and B15(white peel).The F_2 population constructed by crossing NIL-G and B15 was used to study the inheritance pattern of peel color,and bulked-segregant analysis sequencing(BSA-seq)was employed to identify the interval in which the target gene was located.Genetic analysis showed that a dominant gene controls the dark green peel trait at maturity.BSAseq and molecular markers were used to localize the candidate gene in a 263.7 kb interval of chromosome 4,which contained the CmAPRR2 gene with known functions.Moreover,allelic sequence analysis revealed four SNP variations of the CmAPRR2 gene in B15,of which SNP.G614331A was located at the junction of the 6th exon and 6th intron.The G-to-A mutation caused alternative splicing of the transcript of CmAPRR2 in B15,generating two transcripts(CmAPRR2-A and CmAPRR2-B)with premature termination codons.Furthermore,the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)marker,APRR2-G/A,was developed based on this SNP and shown to co-segregate with the peel color phenotype in the F_(2) population.Compared to white-peel B15,the expression level of CmAPRR2 in dark green peel NIL-G was higher at each growth stage.Therefore,CmAPRR2 may be the key gene controlling the fruit color of melons.This study identified a novel allelic variant of CmAPRR2 that leads to white peel formation in mature melons.We also provides a theoretical basis for further research on the gene regulatory mechanism of melon peel colors,which promotes using molecular marker-assisted selection to modify melon peel colors in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302774)Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(BAIC04)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System(CARS-40)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Feed Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAASIFR-ZDRW202402).
文摘Background Organic selenium(Se)has gained recognition in poultry nutrition as a feed additive to boost production and Se deposition in eggs and tissues,owing to its high bioavailability,efficient tissue accumulation and minimal toxicity.Selenium-enriched yeast(SeY)is a well-established source,while selenium-enriched lactobacilli(SeL),a newer alternative,offers the added benefits of probiotics.This study examined the effects of SeY and SeL on egg quality,antioxidant capacity,Se deposition,and gut health in laying hens.After a two-week pre-treatment with a Sedeficient diet(SeD),450 Hy-Line Brown laying hens(30-week-old)were assigned into five dietary groups with six replicates of 15 hens each.The groups included a SeD,SeD supplemented with 1.5 mg Se/kg from SeY(SeY15),or 1.5,3.0,and 6.0 mg Se/kg from SeL(SeL15,SeL30,SeL60).The feeding trial lasted for 12 weeks.Results SeY15 and SeL15 improved the feed-to-egg ratio(P<0.05)in the latter stages.Haugh units were significantly increased(P<0.05)in the SeY15 and SeL30 groups,while darker yolk color(P<0.05)was observed in the SeY15,SeL15,and SeL60 groups.All Se-supplemented diets increased Se content in whole eggs,albumen,and yolk(P<0.05),while SeL groups showed a dose-dependent effect.Antioxidant enzyme activities increased,and MDA content decreased in the serum(P<0.05),with SeY15 showing the highest GSH-Px levels(P<0.05).SeL60 increased serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase,and distorted the liver architecture(P<0.05).Se-diets reduced concentrations of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the ileum and liver(P<0.05).SeL15 improved the ileal villus height-tocrypt depth ratio(P<0.05).SeY15 and/or SeL15 up-regulated TXNRD1 and SEPHS1 mRNA while down-regulating SCLY expression in the liver.SeY15 altered ileal microbiota by increasing both beneficial and pathogenic bacteria,whereas SeL15 predominantly boosted beneficial bacteria.Conclusion SeL integrates the antioxidant properties of organic Se with the probiotic benefits on gut health,resulting in a performance-enhancing effect comparable to that of SeY.However,high SeL level(6.0 mg Se/kg)compromised productivity and metabolic functions while enhancing Se deposition.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62225103,U2441227,U24A20211)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.FRF-TP-22-002C2)。
文摘1.Introduction As a key development of the next-generation spatial information infrastructure,1the Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Network(STIN)has become a strategic priority actively pursued by major spacefaring nations and regions,including the United States,Europe,China,and Russia.Specifically,Space X’s Starlink project has deployed over 6750 satellites,2while One Web has completed its initial phase of satellite constellation deployment with more than 600 satellites.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1301603)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ZDRW202305).
文摘As the global population continues to expand,the demand for broiler chicken production to supply safe and high-quality meat is increasing.To meet this ever-growing demand,broiler chickens with enhanced growth performance are being developed,but they often face challenges related to oxidative stress,which can adversely affect gut health.Phytobiotics,which are plant-derived feed additives known for their antimicrobial,antioxidant,immune-modulating,and growth-promoting properties,have emerged as promising natural alternatives to synthetic antibiotics.This review consolidates recent advancements in the use of phytobiotics-derived products from leaves,roots,seeds,flowers,and their extracts in broiler diets reared under standard experimental conditions,without the introduction of stressors.The focus is on elucidating the key mechanisms through which phytobiotics improve gut health,includ-ing their effects on gut morphology,integrity,microflora composition,antioxidant capacity,and immune function.The review highlights the potential of phytobiotics to revolutionize broiler nutrition by acting as natural enhancers of gut health.Research findings reveal that phytobiotics significantly improve intestinal health,and boost growth per-formance,offering a sustainable approach to managing to gut dysfunction.These findings indicate a potential shift in how gut-health related challenges in broilers can be addressed,moving towards natural phytobiotic therapy.How-ever,several challenges persist.Optimizing the dosage of phytobiotics,ensuring consistent performance,and over-coming the limitations related to their extraction and application are key areas requiring further investigation.The review emphasizes the importance of continued research to refine phytobiotic formulations,explore synergistic effects,and incorporate advanced technologies such as AI-driven methods and precision nutrition to tailor feeding strategies more effectively.Additionally,the development of innovative delivery systems,such as nanoencapsula-tion,is suggested as a way to enhance the effectiveness and reliability of phytobiotics.By highlighting the potential of phytobiotics to revolutionize broiler nutrition,this review supports the poultry industry’s shift towards antibiotic-free and sustainable dietary solutions,offering new perspectives on the future of broiler chicken production.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072774)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M733822)+2 种基金the Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(BAIC04),Chinathe earmarked fund for CARS National System for Layer Production Technology,China(CARS-40)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP)of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘This study examined the effect of dietary serine(Ser)on egg white quality,ovomucin content of laying hens fed low-gossypol cottonseed meal(LCSM)-based diet and sought to explore the regulatory mechanism underlying the effects.A total of 288 Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly assigned into 3 treatments and respectively offered soybean meal(SBM)-based diet,LCSM-based diet,and LCSM-based diet supplemented with 0.435%L-Ser.Dietary Ser supplementation reversed the decrease in quality indices of albumen,including the proportion of thick albumen(P<0.05),thick-to-thin ratio(P<0.05),albumen height(P<0.05),Haugh unit(P<0.05),and apparent viscosity that were caused by LCSM intake.Also,dietary Ser supplementation mitigated the LCSM-induced reduction in ovomucin content of the albumen(P<0.05).FT-IR analysis of ovomucin revealed differences in second derivative spectra at 1,200-800 cm^(-1) between birds received SBM-and LCSM-based diets,meanwhile,the α-helix of ovomucin was decreased by LCSM but increased by Ser addition(P<0.05).Furthermore,Ser addition up-regulated the mRNA expression of β-ovomucin in magnum mucosa at 2 and 7.5 h post-oviposition(P<0.05).Ser mitigated the LCSMinduced impairment of magnum epithelium,increased goblet cell counts(P<0.05),and up-regulated the expression of occludin,mucin 2,and the relevant glycosyltransferases for O-glycosylation in magnum mucosa(P<0.05).Conclusively,the alleviating effect of Ser on declining albumen quality due to dietary LCSM,could be explained by the efficacy of Ser in regulating ovomucin synthesis.This regulation occurred at the levels of transcription and posttranscriptional O-glycosylation modification ofβ-ovomucin,while positive effect on magnum morphology and barrier function could also in part account for the ovomucin content.This would provide a promising research direction on the adoption of nutritional interventions for manipulation of egg white quality from perspectives of albumen protein synthesis.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62271093)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0108)the Chongqing Graduate Research Innovation Project,China(No.CYS23093).
文摘In this work,we consider an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)aided covert edge computing architecture,where multiple sensors are scattered with a certain distance on the ground.The sensor can implement several computation tasks.In an emergency scenario,the computational capabilities of sensors are often limited,as seen in vehicular networks or Internet of Things(IoT)networks.The UAV can be utilized to undertake parts of the computation tasks,i.e.,edge computing.While various studies have advanced the performance of UAV-based edge computing systems,the security of wireless transmission in future 6G networks is becoming increasingly crucial due to its inherent broadcast nature,yet it has not received adequate attention.In this paper,we improve the covert performance in a UAV aided edge computing system.Parts of the computation tasks of multiple ground sensors are offloaded to the UAV,where the sensors offload the computing tasks to the UAV,and Willie around detects the transmissions.The transmit power of sensors,the offloading proportions of sensors and the hovering height of the UAV affect the system covert performance,we propose a deep reinforcement learning framework to jointly optimize them.The proposed algorithm minimizes the system average task processing delay while guaranteeing that the transmissions of sensors are not detected by the Willie under the covertness constraint.Extensive simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to decrease the average task processing delay with comparison with other algorithms.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272021,52232002 and U23A20559)Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan(2024040701010051)+1 种基金Program for Innovative Teams of Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Researchers in the Higher Education Institutions of Hubei Province(T201602)The work was supported by the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control,Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China(No.HB202402)。
文摘Designing catalysts with high reaction efficiency is essential for reducing heavy metal Cr(VI)ions in wastewater via microwave induction.In this paper,a unique microwave-responsive lychee-like Ni/C/ZnFe_(2)O_(4) composite catalyst with a double-shell hollow porous heterojunction structure was constructed for the efficient reduction of Cr(VI).Benefiting from the novel hollow porous structure and“carbon nanocage”structure of the Ni/C/ZnFe_(2)O_(4),coupled with excellent electromagnetic wave absorption ability,the prepared lychee-like Ni/C/ZnFe_(2)O_(4) com-posite catalyst could remove up to 98%of Cr(VI)(50 mg L 1,50 mL)after 40 min of microwave irradiation,even in nearly neutral water conditions.Additionally,density functional theory calculations indicated that the heterojunction interface between Ni/C and ZnFe_(2)O_(4) enhances electron transfer from ZnFe_(2)O_(4) to Ni/C,ultimately facilitating the removal of Cr(VI).Furthermore,the incorporation of Ni/C facilitated the 2 acceleration of H ion transfer to*Cr_(2)O_(7),thereby expediting the conversion kinetics of the latter.This research aims to establish a theoretical and experimental foundation for the effective and stable microwave-assisted catalytic reduction of heavy metal Cr(VI)ions,presenting new insights and methods to combat heavy metal contamination.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52072274 and 52104309)the Knowledge Innovation Project of Wuhan,China(2023020201010131).
文摘Owing to their multi-elemental compositions and unique high-entropy mixing states,high-entropy alloy(HEA)nanoparticles(NPs)displaying tunable activities and enhanced stabilities thus have become a rapidly growing area of research in recent years.However,the integration of multiple elements into HEA NPs at the nanoscale remains a formidable challenge,especially when it comes to the precise control of particle size,elemental composition and content.Herein,a simple and universal high-energy laser assisted reduction approach is presented,which achieves the preparation of HEA NPs with a wide range of multi-component,controllable particle sizes and constitution on different substrates within seconds.Laser on carbon nanofibers induced momentary high-temperature annealing(>2000 K and ramping/cooling rates>10^(5)K s^(-1))to successfully decorate HEA NPs up to twenty elements with excellent compatibility for large-scale synthesis(20.0×20.0 cm^(2)of carbon cloth).The IrPdPtRhRu exhibit robust electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)activities and low overpotentials of 16,28,and 12 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)in alkaline(1.0 M KOH),alkaline simulated seawater(1.0 M KOH+0.5 M NaCl),and acidic(0.5 M H_(2)SO_(4))electrolytes,respectively,and excellent stability(7 days and>2000 cycles)at the alkaline HER.
文摘Most modern face recognition and classification systems mainly rely on hand-crafted image feature descriptors. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning algorithm combining unsupervised and supervised learning named deep belief network embedded with Softmax regress (DBNESR) as a natural source for obtaining additional, complementary hierarchical representations, which helps to relieve us from the complicated hand-crafted feature-design step. DBNESR first learns hierarchical representations of feature by greedy layer-wise unsupervised learning in a feed-forward (bottom-up) and back-forward (top-down) manner and then makes more efficient recognition with Softmax regress by supervised learning. As a comparison with the algorithms only based on supervised learning, we again propose and design many kinds of classifiers: BP, HBPNNs, RBF, HRBFNNs, SVM and multiple classification decision fusion classifier (MCDFC)—hybrid HBPNNs-HRBFNNs-SVM classifier. The conducted experiments validate: Firstly, the proposed DBNESR is optimal for face recognition with the highest and most stable recognition rates;second, the algorithm combining unsupervised and supervised learning has better effect than all supervised learning algorithms;third, hybrid neural networks have better effect than single model neural network;fourth, the average recognition rate and variance of these algorithms in order of the largest to the smallest are respectively shown as DBNESR, MCDFC, SVM, HRBFNNs, RBF, HBPNNs, BP and BP, RBF, HBPNNs, HRBFNNs, SVM, MCDFC, DBNESR;at last, it reflects hierarchical representations of feature by DBNESR in terms of its capability of modeling hard artificial intelligent tasks.
基金The authors acknowledge the helpful suggestions from Prof.Shangzhou Zhang and Dr.Yujing Liu.And TEM experimental assistance is kindly provided by Jiao Liu.
文摘Precipitates,including silicides and Ti3 Al(α2)phase,and alloying elements distribution in a near a titanium alloy Ti65(Ti-5.8 Al-4.0 Sn-3.5 Zr-0.5 Mo-0.3 Nb-1.0 Ta-0.4 Si-0.8 W-0.05 C)after solution treatment and aging process were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and atom probe tomography(APT).Quantitative composition analysis and TEM observation indicate that the silicides fit to(Ti,Zr)6(Sl,Sn)3.Zr exhibits aβ-stabilizing effect in near a titanium alloys but is weaker than otherβstabilizing elements.The enriching tendency of the alloying elements in the retainedβphase is in the order of Zr<Nb<Ta<Mo<W.The experimental results are rationalized by the relative stability of alloying elements in the a andβphases and the mobility of these atoms in the matrix.An enrichment of Si in theα2 phase over theαmatrix phase is noticed,which is attributed to the lower formation energy of Si in theα2 phase.
