Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood levels of methadone in participants receiving methadone for the treatment of opioid dependence. After stabilization on methadone for four weeks, blood sa...Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood levels of methadone in participants receiving methadone for the treatment of opioid dependence. After stabilization on methadone for four weeks, blood samples from 95 participants were collected between treatment weeks 4 and 12, before and after receiving doses of methadone, and its blood levels were measured. A multiple linear regression model was used to examine the associa- tion between methadone blood levels and the outcomes of methadone maintenance treatment （MMT）. Outcome dif- ferences between participants who had high （≥2） or low （〈2） peak-to-trough ratios were also compared using an independent sample t-test. The blood level of methadone was not correlated with the clinical outcome of MMT with the moderate range of doses given. However, the retention of patients who had a free peak-to-trough ratio 〉2 was significantly poorer than those whose ratio was 〈2. Thus, monitoring plasma methadone levels is unlikely to be effective for guiding dosing decisions in situations where compliance with MMT is already very high or when themethadone dose is no longer the dominant factor in determining the clinical outcome. However, monitoring plasma methadone levels is still helpful for guiding the dosage for patients with a rapid metabolism.展开更多
Background There have been numerous intervention studies focusing on the development of preterm infants,but there has been limited investigation into the home environment as a determinant of developmental outcomes in ...Background There have been numerous intervention studies focusing on the development of preterm infants,but there has been limited investigation into the home environment as a determinant of developmental outcomes in preterm infants.The aspects and extent to which the home environment affects the early(18 months corrected age)neuropsychological development of preterm infants are still unclear.Aims This study aimed to analyse the effect of the home environment on the neuropsychiatric development of preterm infants at 18 months corrected age after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).It also sought to provide a basis for promoting neuropsychiatric development among preterm infants by improving the home environment.Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study,275 preterm infants born between January 2019 and January 2022 were followed up for systematic management after discharge from the NICU at Shanghai Children's Hospital.The Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire was used to assess the home environment of the infants and analyse its impact on the developmental quotient(evaluated by the Gesell Developmental Scale)and the rate of developmental delays at 18 months corrected age.Results A total of 41.454%of the infants were extremely preterm.The developmental quotient scores at 18 months corrected age were in the middle of the scale.The language domain had the highest rate of developmental delay(46.182%),followed by the adaptive domain(37.091%).Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that compared with infants in supportive home environments,infants with moderate/unsupportive home environments had significantly elevated risks of development delay:2.162-fold for global(odds ratio(OR)2.162,95% confidence interval(Cl)1.274 to 3.665,p=0.004),2.193-fold for fine motor(OR 2.193,95%CI 1.161 to 4.140,p=0.016),2.249-fold for language(0R 2.249,95%CI 1.336 to 3.786,p=0.002)and 2.042-fold for personal-social(OR 2.042,95%CI 1.149 to 3.628,p=0.015).Conclusions A supportive home environment is a crucial protective factor for the neuropsychological development of preterm infants.It is associated with higher developmental quotient scores and protects against neuropsychiatric delays.Incorporating evaluation and continuous improvement of the home environment into the management framework for preterm infants to promote optimal neurodevelopment is essential.展开更多
Background Cocaine use disorder(CUD)and associated psychosis are major public health issues worldwide,along with high relapse outcome and limited treatment options.Exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying cocaine...Background Cocaine use disorder(CUD)and associated psychosis are major public health issues worldwide,along with high relapse outcome and limited treatment options.Exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying cocaine-induced psychosis(CIP)could supply integrated insights for understanding the pathogenic mechanism and potential novel therapeutic targets.Aims The aim of the study was to explore common alterations of CUD-schizophrenia target genes and identify core risk genes contributing to CIP through data mining and network pharmacology approach.Methods Target genes of CUD were obtained from GeneCards,Comparative Toxicogenomics Database,Swiss Target Prediction platform and PubChem.Schizophrenia-related target genes were derived from DisGeNET,GeneCards,MalaCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases.Then,the overlap genes of these two sets were regarded as risk genes contributing to CIP.Based on these CUD-schizophrenia target genes,functional annotation and pathway analysis were performed using the clusterProfiler package in R.Protein-protein interaction network construction and module detection were performed based on the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes(STRING)database and Cytoscape software.Gene expression datasets GSE54839 and GSE93577 were applied for data validation and diagnostic capacity evaluation of interested hub genes.Results A total of 165 CUD-schizophrenia target genes were obtained.These genes were mainly contributing to chemical synaptic transmission,neuropeptide hormone activity,postsynaptic membrane and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway.Network analysis and validation analysis indicated that BDNF might serve as an important risk gene in mediating CIP.Conclusions This study generates a holistic view of CIP and provides a basis for the identification of potential CUD-schizophrenia target genes involved in the development of CIP.The abnormal expression of BDNF would be a candidate therapeutic target underlying the pathogenesis of CUD and associated CIP.展开更多
The colour feature is often used in the object tracking.The tracking methods extract the colour features of the object and the background,and distinguish them by a classifier.However,these existing methods simply use ...The colour feature is often used in the object tracking.The tracking methods extract the colour features of the object and the background,and distinguish them by a classifier.However,these existing methods simply use the colour information of the target pixels and do not consider the shape feature of the target,so that the description capability of the feature is weak.Moreover,incorporating shape information often leads to large feature dimension,which is not conducive to real-time object tracking.Recently,the emergence of visual tracking methods based on deep learning has also greatly increased the demand for computing resources of the algorithm.In this paper,we propose a real-time visual tracking method with compact shape and colour feature,which forms low dimensional compact shape and colour feature by fusing the shape and colour characteristics of the candidate object region,and reduces the dimensionality of the combined feature through the Hash function.The structural classification function is trained and updated online with dynamic data flow for adapting to the new frames.Further,the classification and prediction of the object are carried out with structured classification function.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed tracker performs superiorly against several state-of-the-art algorithms on the challenging benchmark dataset OTB-100 and OTB-13.展开更多
Initially,zolpidem,a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent,was considered to have fewer adverse reactions than traditional benzodiazepines.However,after zolpidem was approved for medical use,an increasing number of case r...Initially,zolpidem,a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent,was considered to have fewer adverse reactions than traditional benzodiazepines.However,after zolpidem was approved for medical use,an increasing number of case reports have described abuse or dependence complications.We were especially interested in the cases of dependence that presented a paradoxical‘euphoric’effect of zolpidem.This article reports the case of a female zolpidem-dependent patient who presented with 6 years of daily use of 400-1400 mg of zolpidem.She reported subjective effects of euphoria,intense craving and the inability to stop drug ingestion.Her diagnoses were zolpidem dependence and a depressive episode induced by substance abuse.To explore the neural mechanisms of the euphoric effect caused by high-dose zolpidem,we performed repeated magnetoencephalography(MEG)recordings.Before undergoing detoxification,her MEG results indicated that cerebellar electrical signal activation increased when taking high zolpidem doses.However,the prefrontal and parietal lobes’electrical signal activity showed a tendency to recover to a normal state as the withdrawal time progressed to completion.This case suggests that the cerebellum plays a role in the euphoria induced by high zolpidem doses and provides clues for further research.展开更多
In early 2020,the COVID-19 outbreak complicated the diagnosis,treatm ent and rehabilitation of patients with substance use disorders and increased the risks of substance abuse and addictive behaviours,such as online g...In early 2020,the COVID-19 outbreak complicated the diagnosis,treatm ent and rehabilitation of patients with substance use disorders and increased the risks of substance abuse and addictive behaviours,such as online gaming disorders,in the general public.Substance use disorder is a chronic recurrent brain disease characterised by strong cravings,high recurrence rates,and a high proportion of comorbidity of mental and physical disorders.1 Therefore,regular long-term therapeutic interventions are critical to preventing dm g relapses while maintaining withdrawal.展开更多
Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)is known to prevent methamphetamine(METH)-induced neurotoxicity and plays a role in various stages of METH addiction.However,there is a lack of research with longitudi...Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)is known to prevent methamphetamine(METH)-induced neurotoxicity and plays a role in various stages of METH addiction.However,there is a lack of research with longitudinal design on changes in plasma BDNF levels in active METH-dependent individuals.Aims The aim of the study was to investigate changes in BDNF levels during METH self-administration in monkeys.Methods This study measured plasma BDNF levels in three male rhesus monkeys with continuous METH exposure and four male control rhesus monkeys without METH exposure.Changes in plasma BDNF levels were then assessed longitudinally during 40 sessions of METH self-administration in the three monkeys.Results Repeated METH exposure decreased plasma BDNF levels.Additionally,plasma BDNF decreased with long-term rather than short-term accumulation of METH during METH self-administration.Conclusions These findings may indicate that the changes in peripheral BDNF may reflect the quantity of accumulative METH intake during a frequent drug use period.展开更多
Background Since the outbreak of C0VID-19,no data have been available for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have COVID-19.We performed a comprehensive investigation of the clinical features of hos...Background Since the outbreak of C0VID-19,no data have been available for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have COVID-19.We performed a comprehensive investigation of the clinical features of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with or without suspected COVID-19 in Hubei Province,China.Aim To explore the clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with suspected COVID-19 in Hubei Province,China.M ethods 21 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with suspected COVID-19(COVID-19 suspected group)in the isolation ward of a mental health hospital in Wuhan and 30 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia(clean group)in the general ward of another mental health hospital in Yichang were recruited.We retrospectively reviewed their clinical characteristics,laboratory findings and chest CT results before 21 February 2020.We also compared the emotional and mental symptoms between the two groups.Results Medical records revealed that 21 COVID-19 suspected patients were transferred to the isolation ward between 30 January 2020 and 15 February 2020.The mean age(SD)of COVID-19 suspected patients was 43.1(2.6).12(57.1%)patients showed abnormalities on chest CT before onset of respiratory symptoms.14(66.7%)patients had psychiatric medications adjustment after detection of abnormal chest CT findings.By 21 February,one patient was confirmed to have COVID-19.Even though the remaining 20(95.2%)were negative for at least two reverse transcription PCR tests,11(52.4%)patients met the diagnostic criteria for clinically confirmed cases.Compared with patients in the clean group,patients in the suspected COVID-19 group showed significantly higher stress,depression and anxiety levels and poorer sleep quality.Conclusion Setting up an independent isolation ward for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have symptoms of COVID-19 helped control the spread of the epidemic.Patients with schizophrenia suspected to have COVID-19 showed increased stress and mood and sleep disturbances,which should be appropriately managed.展开更多
Olfaction, the sense of smell, is vital for the survival of many species and serves as an excellent system for investigating the molecular basis of behavior. Fishes possess a well-developed olfactory system that gover...Olfaction, the sense of smell, is vital for the survival of many species and serves as an excellent system for investigating the molecular basis of behavior. Fishes possess a well-developed olfactory system that governs various behaviors related to feeding, reproduction, and fear. However, the cellular diversity and heterogeneity of the fish olfactory epithelium remains largely unexplored. This study presents a single-cell atlas of the zebrafish olfactory epithelium using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Through scRNA-seq analysis of approximately 10,587 cells, we identified nine distinct cell types with unique transcriptional profiles, including immature and mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), horizontal basal cells, globose basal cells, and sustentacular cells, as well as lymphocyte and myeloid cells expressing immune signals. Further subcluster analysis revealed selective and combinatorial expression of key components in odorant-mediated signal transduction by distinct OSN populations. Additionally, we discovered transcriptional changes specific to certain OSN populations following exposure to a conspecific alarm substance. The single-cell transcriptional atlas of the zebrafish olfactory epithelium provided in this study serves as a valuable tool for exploring cell diversity and assessing genetic profiles from functional and behavioral perspectives in fish.展开更多
Optical phase transfer via fiber optics is the most effective method for optical frequency standard comparison on the scale below thousands of kilometers.However,the monotonic phase discrimination range of conventiona...Optical phase transfer via fiber optics is the most effective method for optical frequency standard comparison on the scale below thousands of kilometers.However,the monotonic phase discrimination range of conventional optical phase-locked loops is limited,and link delays restrict the control bandwidth,which makes it a challenge to achieve a continuously reliable optical link.This paper presents an event-timing-based phase detection method that overcomes the monotonic phase discrimination range limitation of conventional phase-locked loops through dual-edge timestamp recording,achieving an optical phase measurement resolution on the order of 10 attoseconds.With such a technique,we established a 7-segment-cascaded optical link over 1402km of commercial fiber while sharing dense wavelength division multiplexing(DWDM)channels with live telecom traffic.The system maintained continuous operation for 11.7 days without phase cycle slips despite encountering 15 km aerial fiber noise up to 21000 rad^(2)·Hz^(−1)·km^(−1)at 1 Hz.Relative instabilities of the link are 3.7×10^(−15)at 1 s and 3.9×10^(−20)at 100000 s.展开更多
We demonstrate two ultra-stable laser systems at 1064 nm by independently stabilizing two 10-cm-long Fabry–Pérot cavities.The reference cavities are on a cubic spacer,which is rigidly mounted for both low sensit...We demonstrate two ultra-stable laser systems at 1064 nm by independently stabilizing two 10-cm-long Fabry–Pérot cavities.The reference cavities are on a cubic spacer,which is rigidly mounted for both low sensitivity to environmental vibration and ability for transportation.By comparing against an independent ultra-stable laser at 578 nm via an optical frequency comb,the 1064 nm lasers are measured to have frequency instabilities of 6×10^-16 at 1 s averaging time.展开更多
Whole-genome duplications(WGDs)are an important contributor to phenotypic innovations in evolutionary history.The diversity of blood oxygen transport traits is the perfect reflection of physiological versatility for e...Whole-genome duplications(WGDs)are an important contributor to phenotypic innovations in evolutionary history.The diversity of blood oxygen transport traits is the perfect reflection of physiological versatility for evolutionary success among vertebrates.In this study,the evolutionary changes of hemoglobin(Hb)repertoire driven by the recent genome duplications were detected in representative Cyprinidae fish,including eight diploid and four tetraploid species.Comparative genomic analysis revealed a substantial variation in both membership composition and intragenomic organization of Hb genes in these species.Phylogenetic reconstruction analyses were conducted to characterize the evolutionary history of these genes.Data were integrated with the expression profiles of the genes during ontogeny.Our results indicated that genome duplications facilitated the phenotypic diversity of the Hb gene family;each was associated with species-specific changes in gene content via gene loss and fusion after genome duplications.This led to repeated evolutionary transitions in the ontogenic regulation of Hb gene expression.Our results revealed that genome duplications helped to generate phenotypic changes in Cyprinidae Hb systems.展开更多
Nanofluids were prepared by dispersing Cu nanoparticles （-20nm） in n-tetradecane by a two-step method. The effective thermal conductivity was measured for various nanoparticle volume fractions （0.0001-0.02） and te...Nanofluids were prepared by dispersing Cu nanoparticles （-20nm） in n-tetradecane by a two-step method. The effective thermal conductivity was measured for various nanoparticle volume fractions （0.0001-0.02） and temperatures （306.22-452.66 K）. The experimental data compares well with the Jang and Choi model, The thermal conductivity enhancement was lower above 391.06 K than for that between 306,22 and 360,77 K, The interfacial thermal resistance increased with increasing temperature, The effective thermal conductivity enhancement was greater than that obtained with a more viscous fluid as the base media at 452,66 K because of nanoconvection induced by nanoparticle Brownian motion at high temoerature.展开更多
Electrocatalytically converting nitrate waste to value-added ammonia(NO3−RR)is beneficial to environmental restoration and an attractive candidate for green ammonia production[1].However,developing NO_(3)^(-)RR in an ...Electrocatalytically converting nitrate waste to value-added ammonia(NO3−RR)is beneficial to environmental restoration and an attractive candidate for green ammonia production[1].However,developing NO_(3)^(-)RR in an energy-saving way remains a significant challenge due to the slow kinetics inherent in multi-step electron and proton transfer,making previous investigations for NO_(3)^(-)RR generally operate at a large overpotential(<-0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE))to achieve optimal efficiency and industrial current for NH3 synthesis[2].展开更多
We demonstrate a proposal for making an ultrastable laser referenced to a multi-cavity, enabling a lower thermal noise limit due to the averaging effect. In comparison with a single-cavity system, relative frequency i...We demonstrate a proposal for making an ultrastable laser referenced to a multi-cavity, enabling a lower thermal noise limit due to the averaging effect. In comparison with a single-cavity system, relative frequency instability of the synthesized laser can be improved by a factor of the square root of the cavity number. We perform an experiment to simulate a two-cavity system with two independent ultrastable lasers. Experimental results show that the relative frequency instability(Allan deviation) of the synthesized laser is 5 × 10^(-16), improved by a factor of √2 from a single-cavity-stabilized laser.展开更多
基金supported by the Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission, China(2013SY011 and 2014ZYJB0002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81271468)+1 种基金Doctoral Supervisor Funding from the Ministry of Education of China(20120073110089)Research Funding from Shanghai Key Laboratory of Severe Mental illness,China(13dz2260500)
文摘Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood levels of methadone in participants receiving methadone for the treatment of opioid dependence. After stabilization on methadone for four weeks, blood samples from 95 participants were collected between treatment weeks 4 and 12, before and after receiving doses of methadone, and its blood levels were measured. A multiple linear regression model was used to examine the associa- tion between methadone blood levels and the outcomes of methadone maintenance treatment （MMT）. Outcome dif- ferences between participants who had high （≥2） or low （〈2） peak-to-trough ratios were also compared using an independent sample t-test. The blood level of methadone was not correlated with the clinical outcome of MMT with the moderate range of doses given. However, the retention of patients who had a free peak-to-trough ratio 〉2 was significantly poorer than those whose ratio was 〈2. Thus, monitoring plasma methadone levels is unlikely to be effective for guiding dosing decisions in situations where compliance with MMT is already very high or when themethadone dose is no longer the dominant factor in determining the clinical outcome. However, monitoring plasma methadone levels is still helpful for guiding the dosage for patients with a rapid metabolism.
基金funded by Shanghai Municipal Health and Wellness Commission Health Industry Clinical Research Special Project(202140299).
文摘Background There have been numerous intervention studies focusing on the development of preterm infants,but there has been limited investigation into the home environment as a determinant of developmental outcomes in preterm infants.The aspects and extent to which the home environment affects the early(18 months corrected age)neuropsychological development of preterm infants are still unclear.Aims This study aimed to analyse the effect of the home environment on the neuropsychiatric development of preterm infants at 18 months corrected age after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).It also sought to provide a basis for promoting neuropsychiatric development among preterm infants by improving the home environment.Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study,275 preterm infants born between January 2019 and January 2022 were followed up for systematic management after discharge from the NICU at Shanghai Children's Hospital.The Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire was used to assess the home environment of the infants and analyse its impact on the developmental quotient(evaluated by the Gesell Developmental Scale)and the rate of developmental delays at 18 months corrected age.Results A total of 41.454%of the infants were extremely preterm.The developmental quotient scores at 18 months corrected age were in the middle of the scale.The language domain had the highest rate of developmental delay(46.182%),followed by the adaptive domain(37.091%).Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that compared with infants in supportive home environments,infants with moderate/unsupportive home environments had significantly elevated risks of development delay:2.162-fold for global(odds ratio(OR)2.162,95% confidence interval(Cl)1.274 to 3.665,p=0.004),2.193-fold for fine motor(OR 2.193,95%CI 1.161 to 4.140,p=0.016),2.249-fold for language(0R 2.249,95%CI 1.336 to 3.786,p=0.002)and 2.042-fold for personal-social(OR 2.042,95%CI 1.149 to 3.628,p=0.015).Conclusions A supportive home environment is a crucial protective factor for the neuropsychological development of preterm infants.It is associated with higher developmental quotient scores and protects against neuropsychiatric delays.Incorporating evaluation and continuous improvement of the home environment into the management framework for preterm infants to promote optimal neurodevelopment is essential.
基金supported by grants from theNational Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund Key Project(U1502228)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leaders Plan(17XD1403300)+3 种基金the Joint Project of Shanghai health and Family Planning Commission(2014ZYJB0002)the Shanghai Mental Health Center Grant(2014-QH-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81601164)a pioneer Grant of Shanghai Mental Health Center(2016-FX-03)
基金This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation(81771436)Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(17XD1403300)+4 种基金Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission(2017ZZ02021,2018YQ45 and 20184Y0134)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(13DZ2260500)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX05)Shanghai Sailing Program(19YF1442100)Shanghai Mental Health Center Program(2018-QH 02,2020-YJ 06,CRC2018YB02).
文摘Background Cocaine use disorder(CUD)and associated psychosis are major public health issues worldwide,along with high relapse outcome and limited treatment options.Exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying cocaine-induced psychosis(CIP)could supply integrated insights for understanding the pathogenic mechanism and potential novel therapeutic targets.Aims The aim of the study was to explore common alterations of CUD-schizophrenia target genes and identify core risk genes contributing to CIP through data mining and network pharmacology approach.Methods Target genes of CUD were obtained from GeneCards,Comparative Toxicogenomics Database,Swiss Target Prediction platform and PubChem.Schizophrenia-related target genes were derived from DisGeNET,GeneCards,MalaCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man databases.Then,the overlap genes of these two sets were regarded as risk genes contributing to CIP.Based on these CUD-schizophrenia target genes,functional annotation and pathway analysis were performed using the clusterProfiler package in R.Protein-protein interaction network construction and module detection were performed based on the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes(STRING)database and Cytoscape software.Gene expression datasets GSE54839 and GSE93577 were applied for data validation and diagnostic capacity evaluation of interested hub genes.Results A total of 165 CUD-schizophrenia target genes were obtained.These genes were mainly contributing to chemical synaptic transmission,neuropeptide hormone activity,postsynaptic membrane and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway.Network analysis and validation analysis indicated that BDNF might serve as an important risk gene in mediating CIP.Conclusions This study generates a holistic view of CIP and provides a basis for the identification of potential CUD-schizophrenia target genes involved in the development of CIP.The abnormal expression of BDNF would be a candidate therapeutic target underlying the pathogenesis of CUD and associated CIP.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2016YFC0600908)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61772530,U1610124)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK20171192)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2016T90524,No.2014M551696).
文摘The colour feature is often used in the object tracking.The tracking methods extract the colour features of the object and the background,and distinguish them by a classifier.However,these existing methods simply use the colour information of the target pixels and do not consider the shape feature of the target,so that the description capability of the feature is weak.Moreover,incorporating shape information often leads to large feature dimension,which is not conducive to real-time object tracking.Recently,the emergence of visual tracking methods based on deep learning has also greatly increased the demand for computing resources of the algorithm.In this paper,we propose a real-time visual tracking method with compact shape and colour feature,which forms low dimensional compact shape and colour feature by fusing the shape and colour characteristics of the candidate object region,and reduces the dimensionality of the combined feature through the Hash function.The structural classification function is trained and updated online with dynamic data flow for adapting to the new frames.Further,the classification and prediction of the object are carried out with structured classification function.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed tracker performs superiorly against several state-of-the-art algorithms on the challenging benchmark dataset OTB-100 and OTB-13.
基金This work was supported by Clinical Research Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(DLY201818)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81901832)+3 种基金Program of Science and Technology Innovation Plan in Shanghai(18411961200,19ZR1477800)Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(SHDC2020CR4066)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(13DZ2260500)Shanghai Mental Health Center Foundation(2020-FX-01,2021zd01).
文摘Initially,zolpidem,a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent,was considered to have fewer adverse reactions than traditional benzodiazepines.However,after zolpidem was approved for medical use,an increasing number of case reports have described abuse or dependence complications.We were especially interested in the cases of dependence that presented a paradoxical‘euphoric’effect of zolpidem.This article reports the case of a female zolpidem-dependent patient who presented with 6 years of daily use of 400-1400 mg of zolpidem.She reported subjective effects of euphoria,intense craving and the inability to stop drug ingestion.Her diagnoses were zolpidem dependence and a depressive episode induced by substance abuse.To explore the neural mechanisms of the euphoric effect caused by high-dose zolpidem,we performed repeated magnetoencephalography(MEG)recordings.Before undergoing detoxification,her MEG results indicated that cerebellar electrical signal activation increased when taking high zolpidem doses.However,the prefrontal and parietal lobes’electrical signal activity showed a tendency to recover to a normal state as the withdrawal time progressed to completion.This case suggests that the cerebellum plays a role in the euphoria induced by high zolpidem doses and provides clues for further research.
基金This work was supported by the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(17XD1403300)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(13DZ2260500)+1 种基金the Shanghai Intelligent Engineering Technology Research Center for Addiction and Rehabilitation(19DZ2255200)and the Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health(19MC1911100).
文摘In early 2020,the COVID-19 outbreak complicated the diagnosis,treatm ent and rehabilitation of patients with substance use disorders and increased the risks of substance abuse and addictive behaviours,such as online gaming disorders,in the general public.Substance use disorder is a chronic recurrent brain disease characterised by strong cravings,high recurrence rates,and a high proportion of comorbidity of mental and physical disorders.1 Therefore,regular long-term therapeutic interventions are critical to preventing dm g relapses while maintaining withdrawal.
基金Funding for this study was provided by Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence Technology(2021ZD0202105)Shanghai‘the Hospital Garden Star’funding for the training of young medical professionals(20224Z0017)+7 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171483),(82130041)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX05)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Talent Project(2022YQ048)Lingang Lab(Grant LG202106-03-01),(Grant LG202106-03-03)these fundings had no further role in study designin the collection,analysis and interpretation of datain the writing of the reportin the decision to submit the paper for publication.
文摘Background Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)is known to prevent methamphetamine(METH)-induced neurotoxicity and plays a role in various stages of METH addiction.However,there is a lack of research with longitudinal design on changes in plasma BDNF levels in active METH-dependent individuals.Aims The aim of the study was to investigate changes in BDNF levels during METH self-administration in monkeys.Methods This study measured plasma BDNF levels in three male rhesus monkeys with continuous METH exposure and four male control rhesus monkeys without METH exposure.Changes in plasma BDNF levels were then assessed longitudinally during 40 sessions of METH self-administration in the three monkeys.Results Repeated METH exposure decreased plasma BDNF levels.Additionally,plasma BDNF decreased with long-term rather than short-term accumulation of METH during METH self-administration.Conclusions These findings may indicate that the changes in peripheral BDNF may reflect the quantity of accumulative METH intake during a frequent drug use period.
基金This work was supported by the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(17XD1403300)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(13DZ2260500).
文摘Background Since the outbreak of C0VID-19,no data have been available for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have COVID-19.We performed a comprehensive investigation of the clinical features of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with or without suspected COVID-19 in Hubei Province,China.Aim To explore the clinical characteristics of hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with suspected COVID-19 in Hubei Province,China.M ethods 21 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia with suspected COVID-19(COVID-19 suspected group)in the isolation ward of a mental health hospital in Wuhan and 30 hospitalised patients with schizophrenia(clean group)in the general ward of another mental health hospital in Yichang were recruited.We retrospectively reviewed their clinical characteristics,laboratory findings and chest CT results before 21 February 2020.We also compared the emotional and mental symptoms between the two groups.Results Medical records revealed that 21 COVID-19 suspected patients were transferred to the isolation ward between 30 January 2020 and 15 February 2020.The mean age(SD)of COVID-19 suspected patients was 43.1(2.6).12(57.1%)patients showed abnormalities on chest CT before onset of respiratory symptoms.14(66.7%)patients had psychiatric medications adjustment after detection of abnormal chest CT findings.By 21 February,one patient was confirmed to have COVID-19.Even though the remaining 20(95.2%)were negative for at least two reverse transcription PCR tests,11(52.4%)patients met the diagnostic criteria for clinically confirmed cases.Compared with patients in the clean group,patients in the suspected COVID-19 group showed significantly higher stress,depression and anxiety levels and poorer sleep quality.Conclusion Setting up an independent isolation ward for hospitalised psychiatric patients who are suspected to have symptoms of COVID-19 helped control the spread of the epidemic.Patients with schizophrenia suspected to have COVID-19 showed increased stress and mood and sleep disturbances,which should be appropriately managed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32422010)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M702684)+1 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences(Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(http://www.yicas.cn)the Young Top-notch Talent Cultivation Program of Hubei Province.
文摘Olfaction, the sense of smell, is vital for the survival of many species and serves as an excellent system for investigating the molecular basis of behavior. Fishes possess a well-developed olfactory system that governs various behaviors related to feeding, reproduction, and fear. However, the cellular diversity and heterogeneity of the fish olfactory epithelium remains largely unexplored. This study presents a single-cell atlas of the zebrafish olfactory epithelium using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Through scRNA-seq analysis of approximately 10,587 cells, we identified nine distinct cell types with unique transcriptional profiles, including immature and mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), horizontal basal cells, globose basal cells, and sustentacular cells, as well as lymphocyte and myeloid cells expressing immune signals. Further subcluster analysis revealed selective and combinatorial expression of key components in odorant-mediated signal transduction by distinct OSN populations. Additionally, we discovered transcriptional changes specific to certain OSN populations following exposure to a conspecific alarm substance. The single-cell transcriptional atlas of the zebrafish olfactory epithelium provided in this study serves as a valuable tool for exploring cell diversity and assessing genetic profiles from functional and behavioral perspectives in fish.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC2200103)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.ZR2022LLZ006 and ZR2022LLZ011)+1 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant Nos.2021ZD0300904 and 2021ZD0300903)the Key R&D Plan of Shandong Province(Grant No.2023CXPT105)。
文摘Optical phase transfer via fiber optics is the most effective method for optical frequency standard comparison on the scale below thousands of kilometers.However,the monotonic phase discrimination range of conventional optical phase-locked loops is limited,and link delays restrict the control bandwidth,which makes it a challenge to achieve a continuously reliable optical link.This paper presents an event-timing-based phase detection method that overcomes the monotonic phase discrimination range limitation of conventional phase-locked loops through dual-edge timestamp recording,achieving an optical phase measurement resolution on the order of 10 attoseconds.With such a technique,we established a 7-segment-cascaded optical link over 1402km of commercial fiber while sharing dense wavelength division multiplexing(DWDM)channels with live telecom traffic.The system maintained continuous operation for 11.7 days without phase cycle slips despite encountering 15 km aerial fiber noise up to 21000 rad^(2)·Hz^(−1)·km^(−1)at 1 Hz.Relative instabilities of the link are 3.7×10^(−15)at 1 s and 3.9×10^(−20)at 100000 s.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11654004,11822402,91636214,and 11804094)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0304403)。
文摘We demonstrate two ultra-stable laser systems at 1064 nm by independently stabilizing two 10-cm-long Fabry–Pérot cavities.The reference cavities are on a cubic spacer,which is rigidly mounted for both low sensitivity to environmental vibration and ability for transportation.By comparing against an independent ultra-stable laser at 578 nm via an optical frequency comb,the 1064 nm lasers are measured to have frequency instabilities of 6×10^-16 at 1 s averaging time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972866)the Strategic Priority Research Program(XDB31000000)supported by the Wuhan Branch,Supercomputing Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,China。
文摘Whole-genome duplications(WGDs)are an important contributor to phenotypic innovations in evolutionary history.The diversity of blood oxygen transport traits is the perfect reflection of physiological versatility for evolutionary success among vertebrates.In this study,the evolutionary changes of hemoglobin(Hb)repertoire driven by the recent genome duplications were detected in representative Cyprinidae fish,including eight diploid and four tetraploid species.Comparative genomic analysis revealed a substantial variation in both membership composition and intragenomic organization of Hb genes in these species.Phylogenetic reconstruction analyses were conducted to characterize the evolutionary history of these genes.Data were integrated with the expression profiles of the genes during ontogeny.Our results indicated that genome duplications facilitated the phenotypic diversity of the Hb gene family;each was associated with species-specific changes in gene content via gene loss and fusion after genome duplications.This led to repeated evolutionary transitions in the ontogenic regulation of Hb gene expression.Our results revealed that genome duplications helped to generate phenotypic changes in Cyprinidae Hb systems.
基金support of the Doctoral Fund of the Ministry of Education of China(No.20110002110088)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups(No.51321002)
文摘Nanofluids were prepared by dispersing Cu nanoparticles （-20nm） in n-tetradecane by a two-step method. The effective thermal conductivity was measured for various nanoparticle volume fractions （0.0001-0.02） and temperatures （306.22-452.66 K）. The experimental data compares well with the Jang and Choi model, The thermal conductivity enhancement was lower above 391.06 K than for that between 306,22 and 360,77 K, The interfacial thermal resistance increased with increasing temperature, The effective thermal conductivity enhancement was greater than that obtained with a more viscous fluid as the base media at 452,66 K because of nanoconvection induced by nanoparticle Brownian motion at high temoerature.
文摘Electrocatalytically converting nitrate waste to value-added ammonia(NO3−RR)is beneficial to environmental restoration and an attractive candidate for green ammonia production[1].However,developing NO_(3)^(-)RR in an energy-saving way remains a significant challenge due to the slow kinetics inherent in multi-step electron and proton transfer,making previous investigations for NO_(3)^(-)RR generally operate at a large overpotential(<-0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE))to achieve optimal efficiency and industrial current for NH3 synthesis[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.91536217and 91336101)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2015334)the Special Funds for Scientific Equipment Development(No.YZ201518) from the Chinese Academy of Sciences for the use of the developed equipment
文摘We demonstrate a proposal for making an ultrastable laser referenced to a multi-cavity, enabling a lower thermal noise limit due to the averaging effect. In comparison with a single-cavity system, relative frequency instability of the synthesized laser can be improved by a factor of the square root of the cavity number. We perform an experiment to simulate a two-cavity system with two independent ultrastable lasers. Experimental results show that the relative frequency instability(Allan deviation) of the synthesized laser is 5 × 10^(-16), improved by a factor of √2 from a single-cavity-stabilized laser.
