Background:Minimally invasive pancreatic surgery(MIPS)has developed over the last 3 decades and is nowadays experiencing an increased interest from the surgical community.With increasing awareness of both the public a...Background:Minimally invasive pancreatic surgery(MIPS)has developed over the last 3 decades and is nowadays experiencing an increased interest from the surgical community.With increasing awareness of both the public and the surgical community on patient safety,optimization of training has gained importance.For implementation of MIPS we propose 3 training phases.The first phase focuses on developing basic skills and procedure specific skills with the help of simulation,biotissue drills,video libraries,live case observations,and training courses.The second phase consists of index procedures,fellowships,and proctoring programs to ensure patient safety during the first procedures.During the third phase the surgeons aim is to safely implement the procedure into standard practice while minimizing learning curve related excess morbidity and mortality.Case selection,skills assessment,feedback,and mentoring are important methods to optimize this phase.The residual learning curve can reach up to 100 cases depending on the surgeons’previous experience,selection of cases,and definition of the parameters used to assess the learning curve.Adequate training and high procedural volume are key to implementing MIPS safely.展开更多
The management of pancreatic cancer has dramatically changed since the first major randomized trial published in 2001 by the European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer(ESPAC)stimulated the development of multimodality...The management of pancreatic cancer has dramatically changed since the first major randomized trial published in 2001 by the European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer(ESPAC)stimulated the development of multimodality oncosurgical therapies.ESPAC-1 demonstrated a survival improvement from upfront surgery of only 8%,increasing to 21%5-year survival for 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid but only 10.8%for chemoradiotherapy.ESPAC-4 has shown a 5-year survival rate of 30%for all patients without restriction of 30%using a combination of gemcitabine and capecitabine,rising to 40%in those with an R0 resection margin,or nearly 50%in those with N0 lymph node status.In selected patients with favorable prognostic features mFOLFIRINOX can produce a 50%5-year survival rate but with added toxicity.While a positive resection margin is associated with an increased likelihood of local recurrence,this of itself is not the contributor to reduced survival,but rather reflects the increased probability of systemic disease.Thus,strategies aimed at local control,may reduce subsequent local progression,but will not improve overall survival.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly utilized in cases of borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancer,but there is still a lack of proof of concept studies.High-quality evidence from randomized controlled trials to identify the indications and benefits of neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer are required.The use of patient-derived tumor organoids may predict response to chemotherapy which could open a new opportunity in pancreatic cancer treatment,stratifying patients into treatment groups based on their response to these therapies in the laboratory.展开更多
文摘Background:Minimally invasive pancreatic surgery(MIPS)has developed over the last 3 decades and is nowadays experiencing an increased interest from the surgical community.With increasing awareness of both the public and the surgical community on patient safety,optimization of training has gained importance.For implementation of MIPS we propose 3 training phases.The first phase focuses on developing basic skills and procedure specific skills with the help of simulation,biotissue drills,video libraries,live case observations,and training courses.The second phase consists of index procedures,fellowships,and proctoring programs to ensure patient safety during the first procedures.During the third phase the surgeons aim is to safely implement the procedure into standard practice while minimizing learning curve related excess morbidity and mortality.Case selection,skills assessment,feedback,and mentoring are important methods to optimize this phase.The residual learning curve can reach up to 100 cases depending on the surgeons’previous experience,selection of cases,and definition of the parameters used to assess the learning curve.Adequate training and high procedural volume are key to implementing MIPS safely.
文摘The management of pancreatic cancer has dramatically changed since the first major randomized trial published in 2001 by the European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer(ESPAC)stimulated the development of multimodality oncosurgical therapies.ESPAC-1 demonstrated a survival improvement from upfront surgery of only 8%,increasing to 21%5-year survival for 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid but only 10.8%for chemoradiotherapy.ESPAC-4 has shown a 5-year survival rate of 30%for all patients without restriction of 30%using a combination of gemcitabine and capecitabine,rising to 40%in those with an R0 resection margin,or nearly 50%in those with N0 lymph node status.In selected patients with favorable prognostic features mFOLFIRINOX can produce a 50%5-year survival rate but with added toxicity.While a positive resection margin is associated with an increased likelihood of local recurrence,this of itself is not the contributor to reduced survival,but rather reflects the increased probability of systemic disease.Thus,strategies aimed at local control,may reduce subsequent local progression,but will not improve overall survival.Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is increasingly utilized in cases of borderline resectable or locally advanced pancreatic cancer,but there is still a lack of proof of concept studies.High-quality evidence from randomized controlled trials to identify the indications and benefits of neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer are required.The use of patient-derived tumor organoids may predict response to chemotherapy which could open a new opportunity in pancreatic cancer treatment,stratifying patients into treatment groups based on their response to these therapies in the laboratory.
