BACKGROUND The peritumoral region possesses attributes that promote cancer growth and progression.However,the potential prognostic biomarkers in this region remain relatively underexplored in radiomics.AIM To investig...BACKGROUND The peritumoral region possesses attributes that promote cancer growth and progression.However,the potential prognostic biomarkers in this region remain relatively underexplored in radiomics.AIM To investigate the prognostic value and importance of peritumoral radiomics in locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC).METHODS This retrospective study included 409 patients with biopsy-confirmed LARC treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgically.Patients were divided into training(n=273)and validation(n=136)sets.Based on intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features extracted from pretreatment axial high-resolution small-field-of-view T2-weighted images,multivariate Cox models for progression-free survival(PFS)prediction were developed with or without clinicoradiological features and evaluated with Harrell’s concordance index(C-index),calibration curve,and decision curve analyses.Risk stratification,Kaplan-Meier analysis,and permutation feature importance analysis were performed.RESULTS The comprehensive integrated clinical-radiological-omics model(ModelICRO)integrating seven peritumoral,three intratumoral,and four clinicoradiological features achieved the highest C-indices(0.836 and 0.801 in the training and validation sets,respectively).This model showed robust calibration and better clinical net benefits,effectively distinguished high-risk from low-risk patients(PFS:97.2%vs 67.6%and 95.4%vs 64.8%in the training and validation sets,respectively;both P<0.001).Three most influential predictors in the comprehensive ModelICRO were,in order,a peritumoral,an intratumoral,and a clinicoradiological feature.Notably,the peritumoral model outperformed the intratumoral model(C-index:0.754 vs 0.670;P=0.015);peritumoral features significantly enhanced the performance of models based on clinicoradiological or intratumoral features or their combinations.CONCLUSION Peritumoral radiomics holds greater prognostic value than intratumoral radiomics for predicting PFS in LARC.The comprehensive model may serve as a reliable tool for better stratification and management postoperatively.展开更多
An organoid is a three-dimensional(3D)cell culture model that can reproduce the distinct structure and inherent functionality of certain organs.Nevertheless,a major limitation of organoids is the absence of a complex ...An organoid is a three-dimensional(3D)cell culture model that can reproduce the distinct structure and inherent functionality of certain organs.Nevertheless,a major limitation of organoids is the absence of a complex vascular network,thus restricting the supply of oxygen and essential nutrients.Coupled with their inherent size constraints and metabolite accumulation,it is challenging for organoids to replicate the natural intricacies of organs,thereby limiting their applicability.To overcome the challenges associated with this technology,we developed a culture platform to cultivate tumors or organ-derived organoids up to the centimeter scale.Initially,a customized organoid-on-a-chip including a microvascular network at the micron scale was designed using 3D printing.Further,by integrating an infusion device,the chip ensures an adequate supply of nutrients and fluid immersion while mimicking blood flow dynamics.Our method overcomes the issue of the limited size of organoids due to insufficient nutrient access,making it possible to produce large-scale tumor and normal tissue models in vitro,while providing insights into drug efficacy and toxicology evaluation as well as standardized organoid production.展开更多
The development of neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to the disruption of central nervous system homeostasis.Microglia,as innate immune cells,play important roles in the maintenance of central nervous syst...The development of neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to the disruption of central nervous system homeostasis.Microglia,as innate immune cells,play important roles in the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis,injury response,and neurodegenerative diseases.Lactate has been considered a metabolic waste product,but recent studies are revealing ever more of the physiological functions of lactate.Lactylation is an important pathway in lactate function and is involved in glycolysis-related functions,macrophage polarization,neuromodulation,and angiogenesis and has also been implicated in the development of various diseases.This review provides an overview of the lactate metabolic and homeostatic regulatory processes involved in microglia lactylation,histone versus non-histone lactylation,and therapeutic approaches targeting lactate.Finally,we summarize the current research on microglia lactylation in central nervous system diseases.A deeper understanding of the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of microglia lactylation will provide more options for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.展开更多
Research on the ecohydrological processes of terrestrial plants is a frontier field comprising ecology,hydrology and global change research,yielding the key theoretical foundations of ecohydrology.In karst areas,due t...Research on the ecohydrological processes of terrestrial plants is a frontier field comprising ecology,hydrology and global change research,yielding the key theoretical foundations of ecohydrology.In karst areas,due to its unique geological background,the karst landscape is strongly developed,with high bedrock exposure,high permeability,fragmented soils,shallow soils,and high spatial heterogeneity,resulting in very limited water storage for plant uptake and growth in rock fissures and shallow soils.Therefore,water conditions are an important ecological factor influencing plant growth.To comprehensively understand the current progress and development trends in plant water use research focusing on karst areas,this paper uses the VOSviewer software to analyze the literature on plant water use in karst areas between 1984 and 2022.The results showed that:(1)Research on plant water use in karst areas has developed rapidly worldwide,and the number of relevant studies in the literature have increased year by year,which together means that it is attracting more and more attention.(2)The investigation of plant water sources,geological background of karst areas,seasonal arid tropical climates,the relationship betweenδ13C values and plant water use efficiency,karst plant water use in karst savannas and subtropical areas,and ecosystems under climate change yields the knowledge base in this field.(3)Most studies in this area focus on the division of water sources of plants in karst areas,the methods of studying the water use sources of plants,and the water use strategies and efficiency of plants.(4)Future research will focus on how plant water use in karst areas is influenced by Earth’s critical zones,climate change,and ecohydrological separation.These studies will provide a key scientific basis for guiding ecological restoration and promoting sustainable development in karst areas.展开更多
Stimulated emission and lasing of GaN-based laser diodes(LDs)were reported at 1995[1]and 1996[2],right after the breakthrough of p-type doping[3−5],material quality[6]and the invention of high-brightness GaN-based LED...Stimulated emission and lasing of GaN-based laser diodes(LDs)were reported at 1995[1]and 1996[2],right after the breakthrough of p-type doping[3−5],material quality[6]and the invention of high-brightness GaN-based LEDs[7,8].However,it took much longer time for GaN-based LDs to achieve high power,high wall plug efficiency,and long lifetime.Until 2019,Nichia reported blue LDs with these performances[9],which open wide applications with GaN-based blue LDs.展开更多
Dear Editor,Traumatic optic neuropathy(TON)is a severe vision-threatening condition,with an incidence rate ranging from 0.7% to 2.5%[1].The limited regenerative capacity of the optic nerve and the challenges of nerve ...Dear Editor,Traumatic optic neuropathy(TON)is a severe vision-threatening condition,with an incidence rate ranging from 0.7% to 2.5%[1].The limited regenerative capacity of the optic nerve and the challenges of nerve transplantation result in substantial and irreversible visual loss in patients with TON.展开更多
Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers(PCSELs)utilize the Bragg diffraction of two-dimensional photonic crystals to achieve a single-mode output with a high power and a small divergence angle,and has recently attrac...Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers(PCSELs)utilize the Bragg diffraction of two-dimensional photonic crystals to achieve a single-mode output with a high power and a small divergence angle,and has recently attracted much attention^([1−3]).In 2023,Kyoto University reported GaAs-based 945 nm PCSELs with a continuous-wave(CW)single-mode output power of exceeding 50 W,and a narrow beam divergence angle of 0.05°,demonstrating a brightness of 1 GW·cm^(−2)·sr^(−1),which rivals those of the existing bulky lasers^([4]).展开更多
Background Major depressive disorder(MDD),characterised by persistent anhedonia and elevated suicide risk,represents a global mental health challenge.Recent studies suggest a link between gut-brain axis dysfunction an...Background Major depressive disorder(MDD),characterised by persistent anhedonia and elevated suicide risk,represents a global mental health challenge.Recent studies suggest a link between gut-brain axis dysfunction and depression.The natural compound paeoniflorin demonstrates clinically relevant antidepressant effects,yet its underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain elusive.Aims This study aims to examine how paeoniflorin alleviates depression-like behaviours in rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)by modulating the function of gut-brain axis,and explore the connections between gut microbiota,metabolites and MDD.Methods Depression-like behaviours in rats were induced by CUMS,and the antidepressant effect of paeoniflorin was assessed using behavioural tests.The composition and function of the intestinal microbiota were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing,and metabolomic analysis was performed on serum,hippocampus,jejunum and faecal samples.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors and cortisol,as well as the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the jejunum of rats after cohousing.Long-term potentiation assays and Golgi staining were used to detect dendritic spine density and synaptic plasticity,respectively.Results Paeoniflorin significantly alleviated depression-like behaviours and cognitive deficits in CUMS rats.16S rRNA sequencing revealed that paeoniflorin improved the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota in CUMS rats.Enrichment of differential metabolites in the brain,intestine,faeces and serum revealed a primary accumulation in the amino acid metabolism pathway.We further observed a correlation between the relative abundance of microbial communities and metabolites.Cohousing experiments verified that microbial metabolites of paeoniflorin can reduce neuroinflammation and improve synaptic plasticity.Conclusions Disruptions in gut microbiota and its metabolites impair gut-brain interactions.Paeoniflorin’s neuroprotective and antidepressant effects are mediated through the modulation of the function of the gut-brain axis.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides and/or nitrides(MXenes)have exhibited many outstanding merits,including good conductivity,tunable bandgap,high electric capacity and optical transparency[1,2].In the past s...Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides and/or nitrides(MXenes)have exhibited many outstanding merits,including good conductivity,tunable bandgap,high electric capacity and optical transparency[1,2].In the past several years,MXenes have shown promising advantages in the fields of energy storage,electrocatalysis,electromagnetic shielding,and(opto-)electronic devices.These excellent properties can be tuned by controlling the chemical composition,shape and size of the nanosheets,defects,boundaries,and surface functional groups,etc.展开更多
This editorial comments on the review by Da Silva et al,published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology which focuses on the molecular perspectives of lung cancer.With the rapid development of molecular technology...This editorial comments on the review by Da Silva et al,published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology which focuses on the molecular perspectives of lung cancer.With the rapid development of molecular technology,new diagnostic methods are constantly emerging,including liquid biopsy,the identification of gene mutations,and the monitoring biomarkers,thus providing precise in-formation with which to identify the occurrence and development of lung cancer.Biomarkers,such as circulating tumor cells,circulating tumor DNA,and cir-culating RNA can provide helpful information for clinical application.Common types of genetic mutations and immune checkpoints include epidermal growth factor receptor,anaplastic lymphoma kinase,c-ROS proto-oncogene 1,progra-mmed death-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein.According to specific biomarkers,targeted therapy and immunotherapy can improve survival outcomes based on the types of gene mutation and immune checkpoints.The application of molecular approaches can facilitate our ability to control the progression of disease and select appropriate therapeutic strategies for patients with lung cancer.展开更多
Polyamines(PAs)and ethylene are involved in the modulation of plant growth and development.However,their roles in fruit-set,especially in exogenous gibberellin(GA_(3))-induced grape parthenocarpic berries,and the rela...Polyamines(PAs)and ethylene are involved in the modulation of plant growth and development.However,their roles in fruit-set,especially in exogenous gibberellin(GA_(3))-induced grape parthenocarpic berries,and the related competitive action mode are poorly understood.For this,we,here performed their content determination,bioinformatics and expression pattern analysis of genes to identify the key ones in the competitive network of polyamines metabolic and ethylene biosynthesis(PMEB)pathways.The content of putrescine(Put)significantly increased;while 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid(ACC)sharply decreased during the fruit-set process of GA_(3)-induced grape parthenocarpic seedless berries.Totally,twenty-five genes in PMEB pathways,including 20 polyamines metabolic(PM)genes and 5 ethylene biosynthesis(EB)ones were identified in grape,of which 8 PM and 2 EB genes possessed the motifs responsive to phytohormone GA.The expression levels of most PMEB genes kept changing during grape fruit-set generating a competitive action mode of GA_(3)-mediated two metabolic fluxes toward PAs and ethylene synthesis.Exogenous GA_(3)might enhance grape fruit-set of parthenocarpic berries via up-regulation of VvSAMS4,VvSAMDC1/2,VvODC1,VvSPDS1,and VvPAO1 to promote PAs accumulation,whereby repressing the ethylene synthesis by down-regulation of VvACS1 and VvACO_(2).Our findings provide novel insights into GA_(3)-mediated competitive inhibition of ethylene by PAs to promote the fruit-set of parthenocarpic berries in grape,which has important implications for molecular breeding of seedless grape with high fruit-setting rate.展开更多
The accumulation of^(222)Rn and^(220)Rn progeny in poorly ventilated environments poses the risk of natural radiation exposure to the public.A previous study indicated that satisfactory results in determining the^(222...The accumulation of^(222)Rn and^(220)Rn progeny in poorly ventilated environments poses the risk of natural radiation exposure to the public.A previous study indicated that satisfactory results in determining the^(222)Rn and^(220)Rn progeny concentrations by measuring the total alpha counts at five time intervals within 560 min should be expected only in the case of high progeny concentrations in air.To complete the measurement within a relatively short period and adapt it for simultaneous measurements at comparatively lower^(222)Rn and^(220)Rn progeny concentrations,a novel mathematical model was proposed based on the radioactive decay law.This model employs a nonlinear fitting method to distinguish nuclides with overlapping spectra by utilizing the alpha particle counts of non-overlapping spectra within consecutive measurement cycles to obtain the concentrations of^(222)Rn and^(220)Rn progeny in air.Several verification experiments were conducted using an alpha spectrometer.The experimental results demonstrate that the concentrations of^(222)Rn and^(220)Rn progeny calculated by the new method align more closely with the actual circumstances than those calculated by the total count method,and their relative uncertainties are all within±16%.Furthermore,the measurement time was reduced to 90 min,representing an acceleration of 84%.The improved capability of the new method in distinguishing alpha particles with similar energies emitted from ^(218)Po and^(212)Bi,both approximately 6 MeV,contributed to realizing more accurate results.The proposed method has the potential advantage of measuring relatively low concentrations of^(222)Rn and^(220)Rn progeny in air more quickly via air filtration.展开更多
This article comments on the letter by Lowell et al,which addresses the next generation of combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).As the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD continues to improve,t...This article comments on the letter by Lowell et al,which addresses the next generation of combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).As the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD continues to improve,treatment strategies are evolving rapidly.The letter examines the current status and future directions of combination therapy for IBD,focusing on approaches that combine biologics with immunomodulators and the emerging dual-biologic therapy(DBT).The traditional combination of biologics and immunomodulators has demonstra-ted preliminary efficacy by enhancing the effects of biologics through immunomo-dulation.However,concerns regarding long-term safety warrant careful evalua-tion.Recent trials,including DUET-Crohn's disease and DUET-ulcerative colitis,have shown promising potential for the broader adoption of DBT.Nevertheless,comprehensive data on efficacy and safety,as well as the effective integration of supportive treatments,remain essential to establish new paradigms for the next generation of IBD care.展开更多
This paper proposes a mixed game with finitely many leaders and follower populations.In such a game,two types of equilibria are defined.First,a Nash equilibrium is introduced for the scenario in which leaders and foll...This paper proposes a mixed game with finitely many leaders and follower populations.In such a game,two types of equilibria are defined.First,a Nash equilibrium is introduced for the scenario in which leaders and follower populations are in perfect competition,each maximizing its own payoff.Second,a cooperative equilibrium is proposed for the case where leaders and follower populations,respectively,form coalitions and cooperate.Moreover,the existence of both Nash and cooperative equilibria is proved under the condition that the payoff functions are continuous and quasi-concave.Finally,we demonstrate the generic stability of cooperative equilibria in mixed games.More concretely,in the sense of Baire category,the cooperative equilibria in most mixed games are stable under perturbations of the payoff functions.In short,this paper presents two main contributions.On the one hand,we provide a novel mixed-game framework,which differs from both classical leader-follower games and leader-follower population games.On the other hand,the Nash and cooperative equilibria in our mixed games are distinct from those in existing leader-follower population games.The results are further illustrated with examples.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The peritumoral region possesses attributes that promote cancer growth and progression.However,the potential prognostic biomarkers in this region remain relatively underexplored in radiomics.AIM To investigate the prognostic value and importance of peritumoral radiomics in locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC).METHODS This retrospective study included 409 patients with biopsy-confirmed LARC treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgically.Patients were divided into training(n=273)and validation(n=136)sets.Based on intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features extracted from pretreatment axial high-resolution small-field-of-view T2-weighted images,multivariate Cox models for progression-free survival(PFS)prediction were developed with or without clinicoradiological features and evaluated with Harrell’s concordance index(C-index),calibration curve,and decision curve analyses.Risk stratification,Kaplan-Meier analysis,and permutation feature importance analysis were performed.RESULTS The comprehensive integrated clinical-radiological-omics model(ModelICRO)integrating seven peritumoral,three intratumoral,and four clinicoradiological features achieved the highest C-indices(0.836 and 0.801 in the training and validation sets,respectively).This model showed robust calibration and better clinical net benefits,effectively distinguished high-risk from low-risk patients(PFS:97.2%vs 67.6%and 95.4%vs 64.8%in the training and validation sets,respectively;both P<0.001).Three most influential predictors in the comprehensive ModelICRO were,in order,a peritumoral,an intratumoral,and a clinicoradiological feature.Notably,the peritumoral model outperformed the intratumoral model(C-index:0.754 vs 0.670;P=0.015);peritumoral features significantly enhanced the performance of models based on clinicoradiological or intratumoral features or their combinations.CONCLUSION Peritumoral radiomics holds greater prognostic value than intratumoral radiomics for predicting PFS in LARC.The comprehensive model may serve as a reliable tool for better stratification and management postoperatively.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFA1300128)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82372663)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province(No.202302AA310024)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(No.20232BBG70024)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2023LSW008).
文摘An organoid is a three-dimensional(3D)cell culture model that can reproduce the distinct structure and inherent functionality of certain organs.Nevertheless,a major limitation of organoids is the absence of a complex vascular network,thus restricting the supply of oxygen and essential nutrients.Coupled with their inherent size constraints and metabolite accumulation,it is challenging for organoids to replicate the natural intricacies of organs,thereby limiting their applicability.To overcome the challenges associated with this technology,we developed a culture platform to cultivate tumors or organ-derived organoids up to the centimeter scale.Initially,a customized organoid-on-a-chip including a microvascular network at the micron scale was designed using 3D printing.Further,by integrating an infusion device,the chip ensures an adequate supply of nutrients and fluid immersion while mimicking blood flow dynamics.Our method overcomes the issue of the limited size of organoids due to insufficient nutrient access,making it possible to produce large-scale tumor and normal tissue models in vitro,while providing insights into drug efficacy and toxicology evaluation as well as standardized organoid production.
文摘The development of neurodegenerative diseases is closely related to the disruption of central nervous system homeostasis.Microglia,as innate immune cells,play important roles in the maintenance of central nervous system homeostasis,injury response,and neurodegenerative diseases.Lactate has been considered a metabolic waste product,but recent studies are revealing ever more of the physiological functions of lactate.Lactylation is an important pathway in lactate function and is involved in glycolysis-related functions,macrophage polarization,neuromodulation,and angiogenesis and has also been implicated in the development of various diseases.This review provides an overview of the lactate metabolic and homeostatic regulatory processes involved in microglia lactylation,histone versus non-histone lactylation,and therapeutic approaches targeting lactate.Finally,we summarize the current research on microglia lactylation in central nervous system diseases.A deeper understanding of the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of microglia lactylation will provide more options for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFE0107100)Guangxi Key Research and Development Program(GuikeAB22035004)Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Project(Guike AD20297090).
文摘Research on the ecohydrological processes of terrestrial plants is a frontier field comprising ecology,hydrology and global change research,yielding the key theoretical foundations of ecohydrology.In karst areas,due to its unique geological background,the karst landscape is strongly developed,with high bedrock exposure,high permeability,fragmented soils,shallow soils,and high spatial heterogeneity,resulting in very limited water storage for plant uptake and growth in rock fissures and shallow soils.Therefore,water conditions are an important ecological factor influencing plant growth.To comprehensively understand the current progress and development trends in plant water use research focusing on karst areas,this paper uses the VOSviewer software to analyze the literature on plant water use in karst areas between 1984 and 2022.The results showed that:(1)Research on plant water use in karst areas has developed rapidly worldwide,and the number of relevant studies in the literature have increased year by year,which together means that it is attracting more and more attention.(2)The investigation of plant water sources,geological background of karst areas,seasonal arid tropical climates,the relationship betweenδ13C values and plant water use efficiency,karst plant water use in karst savannas and subtropical areas,and ecosystems under climate change yields the knowledge base in this field.(3)Most studies in this area focus on the division of water sources of plants in karst areas,the methods of studying the water use sources of plants,and the water use strategies and efficiency of plants.(4)Future research will focus on how plant water use in karst areas is influenced by Earth’s critical zones,climate change,and ecohydrological separation.These studies will provide a key scientific basis for guiding ecological restoration and promoting sustainable development in karst areas.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant.BK20232042).
文摘Stimulated emission and lasing of GaN-based laser diodes(LDs)were reported at 1995[1]and 1996[2],right after the breakthrough of p-type doping[3−5],material quality[6]and the invention of high-brightness GaN-based LEDs[7,8].However,it took much longer time for GaN-based LDs to achieve high power,high wall plug efficiency,and long lifetime.Until 2019,Nichia reported blue LDs with these performances[9],which open wide applications with GaN-based blue LDs.
基金supported by Guangzhou Key Projects of Brain Science and Brain-Like Intelligence Technology(20200730009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81870656)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(2017A030313610 and 2023A1515012397).
文摘Dear Editor,Traumatic optic neuropathy(TON)is a severe vision-threatening condition,with an incidence rate ranging from 0.7% to 2.5%[1].The limited regenerative capacity of the optic nerve and the challenges of nerve transplantation result in substantial and irreversible visual loss in patients with TON.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFB3612200,2023YFB3609601,2022YFB3604300,2022YFB2802801,2022YFB3604802)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U24A20300,62174174,62274177,62275263,62325406,62374172,62304242,62304240,62404241)+4 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Grant Nos.2022323 and 2022324)Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BE2023018-2)Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(Grant No.BK20240126)Suzhou Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.SYC2022089,ZXL2024379,and ZXL2024376)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2022A1515110482 and 2022A1515110004).
文摘Photonic crystal surface emitting lasers(PCSELs)utilize the Bragg diffraction of two-dimensional photonic crystals to achieve a single-mode output with a high power and a small divergence angle,and has recently attracted much attention^([1−3]).In 2023,Kyoto University reported GaAs-based 945 nm PCSELs with a continuous-wave(CW)single-mode output power of exceeding 50 W,and a narrow beam divergence angle of 0.05°,demonstrating a brightness of 1 GW·cm^(−2)·sr^(−1),which rivals those of the existing bulky lasers^([4]).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No 82305144)the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project for Universities(No 23KJB360004)the National Natural Science Foundation Supporting Project of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(No XPT82305144).
文摘Background Major depressive disorder(MDD),characterised by persistent anhedonia and elevated suicide risk,represents a global mental health challenge.Recent studies suggest a link between gut-brain axis dysfunction and depression.The natural compound paeoniflorin demonstrates clinically relevant antidepressant effects,yet its underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain elusive.Aims This study aims to examine how paeoniflorin alleviates depression-like behaviours in rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)by modulating the function of gut-brain axis,and explore the connections between gut microbiota,metabolites and MDD.Methods Depression-like behaviours in rats were induced by CUMS,and the antidepressant effect of paeoniflorin was assessed using behavioural tests.The composition and function of the intestinal microbiota were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing,and metabolomic analysis was performed on serum,hippocampus,jejunum and faecal samples.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors and cortisol,as well as the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the jejunum of rats after cohousing.Long-term potentiation assays and Golgi staining were used to detect dendritic spine density and synaptic plasticity,respectively.Results Paeoniflorin significantly alleviated depression-like behaviours and cognitive deficits in CUMS rats.16S rRNA sequencing revealed that paeoniflorin improved the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota in CUMS rats.Enrichment of differential metabolites in the brain,intestine,faeces and serum revealed a primary accumulation in the amino acid metabolism pathway.We further observed a correlation between the relative abundance of microbial communities and metabolites.Cohousing experiments verified that microbial metabolites of paeoniflorin can reduce neuroinflammation and improve synaptic plasticity.Conclusions Disruptions in gut microbiota and its metabolites impair gut-brain interactions.Paeoniflorin’s neuroprotective and antidepressant effects are mediated through the modulation of the function of the gut-brain axis.
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal carbides and/or nitrides(MXenes)have exhibited many outstanding merits,including good conductivity,tunable bandgap,high electric capacity and optical transparency[1,2].In the past several years,MXenes have shown promising advantages in the fields of energy storage,electrocatalysis,electromagnetic shielding,and(opto-)electronic devices.These excellent properties can be tuned by controlling the chemical composition,shape and size of the nanosheets,defects,boundaries,and surface functional groups,etc.
文摘This editorial comments on the review by Da Silva et al,published in the World Journal of Clinical Oncology which focuses on the molecular perspectives of lung cancer.With the rapid development of molecular technology,new diagnostic methods are constantly emerging,including liquid biopsy,the identification of gene mutations,and the monitoring biomarkers,thus providing precise in-formation with which to identify the occurrence and development of lung cancer.Biomarkers,such as circulating tumor cells,circulating tumor DNA,and cir-culating RNA can provide helpful information for clinical application.Common types of genetic mutations and immune checkpoints include epidermal growth factor receptor,anaplastic lymphoma kinase,c-ROS proto-oncogene 1,progra-mmed death-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein.According to specific biomarkers,targeted therapy and immunotherapy can improve survival outcomes based on the types of gene mutation and immune checkpoints.The application of molecular approaches can facilitate our ability to control the progression of disease and select appropriate therapeutic strategies for patients with lung cancer.
基金supported by grants from Jiangsu province seed industry revitalization of the leading project(JBGS[2021]086)the National Natural Science Funds(31972373,32272647,32202433)+1 种基金the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu(BK20200541)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PAPD),and Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,China(KYCX22_0754,SJCX23-0209).
文摘Polyamines(PAs)and ethylene are involved in the modulation of plant growth and development.However,their roles in fruit-set,especially in exogenous gibberellin(GA_(3))-induced grape parthenocarpic berries,and the related competitive action mode are poorly understood.For this,we,here performed their content determination,bioinformatics and expression pattern analysis of genes to identify the key ones in the competitive network of polyamines metabolic and ethylene biosynthesis(PMEB)pathways.The content of putrescine(Put)significantly increased;while 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid(ACC)sharply decreased during the fruit-set process of GA_(3)-induced grape parthenocarpic seedless berries.Totally,twenty-five genes in PMEB pathways,including 20 polyamines metabolic(PM)genes and 5 ethylene biosynthesis(EB)ones were identified in grape,of which 8 PM and 2 EB genes possessed the motifs responsive to phytohormone GA.The expression levels of most PMEB genes kept changing during grape fruit-set generating a competitive action mode of GA_(3)-mediated two metabolic fluxes toward PAs and ethylene synthesis.Exogenous GA_(3)might enhance grape fruit-set of parthenocarpic berries via up-regulation of VvSAMS4,VvSAMDC1/2,VvODC1,VvSPDS1,and VvPAO1 to promote PAs accumulation,whereby repressing the ethylene synthesis by down-regulation of VvACS1 and VvACO_(2).Our findings provide novel insights into GA_(3)-mediated competitive inhibition of ethylene by PAs to promote the fruit-set of parthenocarpic berries in grape,which has important implications for molecular breeding of seedless grape with high fruit-setting rate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12075112)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(No.2023JJ50121),Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ50091)Key Projects of Hunan Provincial Department of Education(No.23A0516).
文摘The accumulation of^(222)Rn and^(220)Rn progeny in poorly ventilated environments poses the risk of natural radiation exposure to the public.A previous study indicated that satisfactory results in determining the^(222)Rn and^(220)Rn progeny concentrations by measuring the total alpha counts at five time intervals within 560 min should be expected only in the case of high progeny concentrations in air.To complete the measurement within a relatively short period and adapt it for simultaneous measurements at comparatively lower^(222)Rn and^(220)Rn progeny concentrations,a novel mathematical model was proposed based on the radioactive decay law.This model employs a nonlinear fitting method to distinguish nuclides with overlapping spectra by utilizing the alpha particle counts of non-overlapping spectra within consecutive measurement cycles to obtain the concentrations of^(222)Rn and^(220)Rn progeny in air.Several verification experiments were conducted using an alpha spectrometer.The experimental results demonstrate that the concentrations of^(222)Rn and^(220)Rn progeny calculated by the new method align more closely with the actual circumstances than those calculated by the total count method,and their relative uncertainties are all within±16%.Furthermore,the measurement time was reduced to 90 min,representing an acceleration of 84%.The improved capability of the new method in distinguishing alpha particles with similar energies emitted from ^(218)Po and^(212)Bi,both approximately 6 MeV,contributed to realizing more accurate results.The proposed method has the potential advantage of measuring relatively low concentrations of^(222)Rn and^(220)Rn progeny in air more quickly via air filtration.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82400591(to Wu FF).
文摘This article comments on the letter by Lowell et al,which addresses the next generation of combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).As the understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD continues to improve,treatment strategies are evolving rapidly.The letter examines the current status and future directions of combination therapy for IBD,focusing on approaches that combine biologics with immunomodulators and the emerging dual-biologic therapy(DBT).The traditional combination of biologics and immunomodulators has demonstra-ted preliminary efficacy by enhancing the effects of biologics through immunomo-dulation.However,concerns regarding long-term safety warrant careful evalua-tion.Recent trials,including DUET-Crohn's disease and DUET-ulcerative colitis,have shown promising potential for the broader adoption of DBT.Nevertheless,comprehensive data on efficacy and safety,as well as the effective integration of supportive treatments,remain essential to establish new paradigms for the next generation of IBD care.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11271098)the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Grant No.MS[2025]676)。
文摘This paper proposes a mixed game with finitely many leaders and follower populations.In such a game,two types of equilibria are defined.First,a Nash equilibrium is introduced for the scenario in which leaders and follower populations are in perfect competition,each maximizing its own payoff.Second,a cooperative equilibrium is proposed for the case where leaders and follower populations,respectively,form coalitions and cooperate.Moreover,the existence of both Nash and cooperative equilibria is proved under the condition that the payoff functions are continuous and quasi-concave.Finally,we demonstrate the generic stability of cooperative equilibria in mixed games.More concretely,in the sense of Baire category,the cooperative equilibria in most mixed games are stable under perturbations of the payoff functions.In short,this paper presents two main contributions.On the one hand,we provide a novel mixed-game framework,which differs from both classical leader-follower games and leader-follower population games.On the other hand,the Nash and cooperative equilibria in our mixed games are distinct from those in existing leader-follower population games.The results are further illustrated with examples.
