为促进学生深度学习,提升物理化学课程教学质量,以表面化学中“弯曲表面的附加压力和蒸气压”的教学为例,从学生实际出发,应用DOK(Depth of Knowledg,知识深度)理论划分教学内容等级,设计不同课堂活动和小组任务,从力和能量两个角度深...为促进学生深度学习,提升物理化学课程教学质量,以表面化学中“弯曲表面的附加压力和蒸气压”的教学为例,从学生实际出发,应用DOK(Depth of Knowledg,知识深度)理论划分教学内容等级,设计不同课堂活动和小组任务,从力和能量两个角度深化逻辑主线,体现学科融合,培养高阶思维。对于教学难点Kelvin方程,以表现性任务体现生活和生产中的实际应用,激发兴趣。以小组讨论话题层层递进,从力对于化学势的影响出发,将Kelvin方程从单组分系统推广到多组分溶液和多组分化学反应系统,体现热力学的多元应用,意义建构。通过课前SPOC(Small Private Online Course,小规模在线课程)任务清单,课上雨课堂翻转讨论,课后公众号展示拓展,开展混合式教学。经过教学实践,结合问卷调查和学生产出,发现基于深度学习的DOK教学,不仅能帮助学生发展各项高阶能力,而且学习主动性和实践创新能力都得到有效提高。展开更多
Existing sandstone rock structure evaluation methods rely on visual inspection,with low efficiency,semi-quantitative analysis of roundness,and inability to perform classified statistics in particle size analysis.This ...Existing sandstone rock structure evaluation methods rely on visual inspection,with low efficiency,semi-quantitative analysis of roundness,and inability to perform classified statistics in particle size analysis.This study presents an intelligent evaluation method for sandstone rock structure based on the Segment Anything Model(SAM).By developing a lightweight SAM fine-tuning method with rank-decomposition matrix adapters,a multispectral rock particle segmentation model named CoreSAM is constructed,which achieves rock particle edge extraction and type identification.Building upon this,we propose a comprehensive quantitative evaluation system for rock structure,assessing parameters including particle size,sorting,roundness,particle contact and cementation types.The experimental results demonstrate that CoreSAM outperforms existing methods in rock particle segmentation accuracy while showing excellent generalization across different image types such as CT scans and core photographs.The proposed method enables full-sample,classified particle size analysis and quantitative characterization of parameters like roundness,advancing reservoir evaluation towards more precise,quantitative,intuitive,and comprehensive development.展开更多
Two cotton research institute(CRI)near-isogenic lines,CRI-12 glanded and CRI-12 glandless,were used to pinpoint potential genes and metabolic pathways linked to gossypol biosynthesis through transcriptome sequencing.W...Two cotton research institute(CRI)near-isogenic lines,CRI-12 glanded and CRI-12 glandless,were used to pinpoint potential genes and metabolic pathways linked to gossypol biosynthesis through transcriptome sequencing.We discovered more than 235 million clean reads and 1,184 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Consecutively,we conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis and found a strong correlation between white and yellow modules containing GhTPS(GH_D09G0090)and GhCYP(GH_D05G2016)hub genes with the gossypol content.Importance of the GhTPS and GhCYP genes was demonstrated using RT-qPCR,virusinduced gene silencing(VIGS),and target metabolite analysis.Silencing these genes resulted in fewer glands on both leaves and stems two weeks after the infection compared to the wild type.In addition,152 metabolites were identified through targeted metabolite profiling.Differential metabolite screening revealed 12 and 18 significantly different metabolites in TRV:GhTPS and TRV:GhCYP plants vs.the control group,respectively,showing a reduction in the accumulation of metabolites compared to the control.Content of hemigossypol,the final product of gossypol biosynthesis,was also reduced,as revealed by target metabolite analysis,suggesting the role of these genes in the gossypol biosynthetic pathway.Furthermore,a highly significant difference in gossypol content between the glanded and glandless lines was recorded.Findings of this study reveal a strong link between the gossypol content and GhTPS and GhCYP hub genes,suggesting their role in the gossypol biosynthetic pathway to reduce the accumulation of hemigossypol,which may offer new comprehension into the regulatory checkpoints of the gossypol biosynthesis pathway in cotton.展开更多
Aiming to provide optimal solutions to the sluggish kinetics of Mg(BH_(4))_(2),this study proposes,for the first time,a novel machine learning model to predict dehydrogenation behaviors of modified Mg(BH_(4))_(2).Nota...Aiming to provide optimal solutions to the sluggish kinetics of Mg(BH_(4))_(2),this study proposes,for the first time,a novel machine learning model to predict dehydrogenation behaviors of modified Mg(BH_(4))_(2).Notably,numerous data points are collected from temperatureprogrammed,isothermal,and cyclic dehydrogenation behaviors,a neural network model is proposed by using multi-head attention mechanisms,which exhibits the highest predictive performance compared to traditional machine learning models.The study also ranks different variables influencing dehydrogenation processes,employing interpretable analysis to identify critical variable thresholds,offering guidance for the experimental parameter design.The model can also be adapted to scenarios involving co-doping of hydrides and catalysts in Mg(BH_(4))_(2) system and proved high accuracy and scalability in predicting dehydrogenation curves under diverse conditions.Employing the model,performance predictions for a series of undeveloped Mg(BH_(4))_(2) co-doping systems can be made,and superior dehydrogenation catalytic effects of fluorinated graphite(FGi)are uncovered.Real-world experimental validation of the optimal Mg(BH_(4))_(2)-LiBH_(4)-FGi system confirms consistency with model predictions,and performance enhancement attributes to experimental parameter optimization.Further characterizations provide mechanistic insights into the synergistic interactions of FGi and LiBH_(4).This work paves the way for advancing utilization of machine learning in the high-capacity hydrogen storage field.展开更多
In recent years, the effective conversion of organic wastes into valuable products has been a focus and difficulty in sustainable energy and environmental management. Organic wastes come from a wide range of sources, ...In recent years, the effective conversion of organic wastes into valuable products has been a focus and difficulty in sustainable energy and environmental management. Organic wastes come from a wide range of sources, and industrial and agricultural sources are the main sources of organic waste in China, which can be controlled by microwave pyrolysis technology. In microwave pyrolysis treatment, catalysts have been the key material, microwave absorber, and catalyst of the research hotspot in recent years. This paper summarises the typical influencing parameters of microwave pyrolysis (including microwave power, pyrolysis temperature and microwave absorber), and also summarises the various catalysts applied in microwave pyrolysis, and looks forward to the potential application prospect of pyrolysis products, and the future development direction.展开更多
A two-dimensional(2-D)multi-component and multi-phase cellular automaton(CA)model coupled with the Calphad method and finite difference method(FDM)is proposed to simulate the gas pore formation and microstructures in ...A two-dimensional(2-D)multi-component and multi-phase cellular automaton(CA)model coupled with the Calphad method and finite difference method(FDM)is proposed to simulate the gas pore formation and microstructures in solidification process of hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg alloys.In this model,the pore growth,and dendritic and eutectic solidification are simulated using a CA technique.To achieve the equilibrium among multiple phases during ternary Al-based alloy solidification,the phase transition thermodynamics and kinetics are evaluated by adopting the Calphad method.The diffusion equations of hydrogen and two solutes are solved by FDM.The developed CA-FDM coupled model can be used for simulating the evolution of gas microporosity and microstructures,involving dendrites and irregular binary and ternary eutectics,of ternary hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg alloys.It has the capability of reproducing the interactions between the hydrogen microporosity formation and the growth of dendrites and eutectics,the competitive growth among the growing gas pores of different sizes,together with the time-evolving concentration fields of hydrogen and solutes.The simulated morphology of gas pore and microstructure has a good agreement with the experimental observation.The influences of the initial hydrogen concentration and cooling rate on the microporosity formation are investigated.It is found that the main portion of porosity formation occurs in the eutectic solidification stage through analyzing the profiles of porosity percentage and solid fraction varying with solidification time.The varying features of simulated porosity percentage,the maximum and average pores radii indicate that increasing initial hydrogen concentration promotes the formation of higher final porosity percentage and larger pores,while the size of gas pores will significantly reduce with increasing cooling rate,leading to a lower final porosity percentage.展开更多
Objective To observe the changes in hepatic histomorphology and the differences in the expression of PD-1 after different moxibustion interventions in the immunosuppressed rabbits caused by cyclophosphamide and analyz...Objective To observe the changes in hepatic histomorphology and the differences in the expression of PD-1 after different moxibustion interventions in the immunosuppressed rabbits caused by cyclophosphamide and analyze the intervention effects of different moxibustion therapies.Methods A total of 40 big-ear white rabbits were randomized into 4 groups,i.e.a blank group,an immunosuppressed model group,a moxibustion group and a herbal-paste isolated moxibustion group,10 rabbits in each one.In the immunosuppressed model group,the moxibustion group and the herbal-paste isolated moxibustion group,the intraperitoneal injection with cyclophosphamide was administered consecutively for 7 days,60 mg/kg,and then,the immunosuppressed models were prepared.After the models were established successfully,in the moxibustion group and the herbal-paste isolated moxibustion group,moxibustion was administer at"Shénquè(神阙CV 8)""Guānyuán(关元CV 4)""Zúsānlĭ(足三里ST 36)""Píshū(脾俞BL20)"and"Shènshū(肾俞BL23)",once every other day,10 times in total.In the blank group and the immunosuppressed model group,the rabbits were restricted on the rabbit platform at the same time periods,without intervention.On the second day after the end of intervention,the animals were weighed and anesthetized,and the livers were extracted.After routine HE staining,the changes of hepatic histomorphology were observed under the microscope and the morphometric analysis was conducted in each group.Besides,PD-1 expression was observed with immunohistochemical method.Result Compared with the blank group,after modeling of each animal in three groups,the body mass decreased obviously(all P<0.01),the hepatocyte count decreased(all P<0.01),the inflammatory cellular infiltration area was increased obviously(all P<0.01),necrosis appeared in hepatic tissue and the positive expression of PD-1 in hepatic tissue was significantly increased(all P<0.01).After moxibustion intervention,compared with the immunosuppressed model group,the body masses of the animals were increased obviously(P<0.05,P<0.01),the hepatocyte count was increased obviously(both P<0.01),the infiltration area of inflammatory cells decreased significantly(both P<0.01)and the expression of the PD-1 decreased in the hepatic tissue(both P<0.05)in both the moxibustion group and the herbal-paste isolated moxibustion group.Compared with the moxibustion group,the animal body mass was higher obviously(P<0.01),the hepatocyte count was raised apparently(P<0.01)and the infiltration area of inflammatory cells were reduced obviously(P<0.05)in the herbal-paste isolated moxibustion group.Conclusion The intervention with different moxibustion therapies improves the condition of body mass reduction and hepatic tissue damage of the immunosuppressed rabbits caused by cyclophosphamide.The effect of herbal-paste isolated moxibustion therapy is better than that of simple moxibustion therapy.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372175,72088101)PetroChina Science and Technology Project of(2023DJ84)Basic Research Cooperation Project between China National Petroleum Corporation and Peking University.
文摘Existing sandstone rock structure evaluation methods rely on visual inspection,with low efficiency,semi-quantitative analysis of roundness,and inability to perform classified statistics in particle size analysis.This study presents an intelligent evaluation method for sandstone rock structure based on the Segment Anything Model(SAM).By developing a lightweight SAM fine-tuning method with rank-decomposition matrix adapters,a multispectral rock particle segmentation model named CoreSAM is constructed,which achieves rock particle edge extraction and type identification.Building upon this,we propose a comprehensive quantitative evaluation system for rock structure,assessing parameters including particle size,sorting,roundness,particle contact and cementation types.The experimental results demonstrate that CoreSAM outperforms existing methods in rock particle segmentation accuracy while showing excellent generalization across different image types such as CT scans and core photographs.The proposed method enables full-sample,classified particle size analysis and quantitative characterization of parameters like roundness,advancing reservoir evaluation towards more precise,quantitative,intuitive,and comprehensive development.
基金financial help from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFE0101200)the Key Research and Development Project of Jiangsu Province,China(Modern Agriculture,BE2022364)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization Open Fund,China(CB2024A06)support of the Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia(451-03-66/2024-03/200007)。
文摘Two cotton research institute(CRI)near-isogenic lines,CRI-12 glanded and CRI-12 glandless,were used to pinpoint potential genes and metabolic pathways linked to gossypol biosynthesis through transcriptome sequencing.We discovered more than 235 million clean reads and 1,184 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Consecutively,we conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis and found a strong correlation between white and yellow modules containing GhTPS(GH_D09G0090)and GhCYP(GH_D05G2016)hub genes with the gossypol content.Importance of the GhTPS and GhCYP genes was demonstrated using RT-qPCR,virusinduced gene silencing(VIGS),and target metabolite analysis.Silencing these genes resulted in fewer glands on both leaves and stems two weeks after the infection compared to the wild type.In addition,152 metabolites were identified through targeted metabolite profiling.Differential metabolite screening revealed 12 and 18 significantly different metabolites in TRV:GhTPS and TRV:GhCYP plants vs.the control group,respectively,showing a reduction in the accumulation of metabolites compared to the control.Content of hemigossypol,the final product of gossypol biosynthesis,was also reduced,as revealed by target metabolite analysis,suggesting the role of these genes in the gossypol biosynthetic pathway.Furthermore,a highly significant difference in gossypol content between the glanded and glandless lines was recorded.Findings of this study reveal a strong link between the gossypol content and GhTPS and GhCYP hub genes,suggesting their role in the gossypol biosynthetic pathway to reduce the accumulation of hemigossypol,which may offer new comprehension into the regulatory checkpoints of the gossypol biosynthesis pathway in cotton.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171223 and U20A20237).
文摘Aiming to provide optimal solutions to the sluggish kinetics of Mg(BH_(4))_(2),this study proposes,for the first time,a novel machine learning model to predict dehydrogenation behaviors of modified Mg(BH_(4))_(2).Notably,numerous data points are collected from temperatureprogrammed,isothermal,and cyclic dehydrogenation behaviors,a neural network model is proposed by using multi-head attention mechanisms,which exhibits the highest predictive performance compared to traditional machine learning models.The study also ranks different variables influencing dehydrogenation processes,employing interpretable analysis to identify critical variable thresholds,offering guidance for the experimental parameter design.The model can also be adapted to scenarios involving co-doping of hydrides and catalysts in Mg(BH_(4))_(2) system and proved high accuracy and scalability in predicting dehydrogenation curves under diverse conditions.Employing the model,performance predictions for a series of undeveloped Mg(BH_(4))_(2) co-doping systems can be made,and superior dehydrogenation catalytic effects of fluorinated graphite(FGi)are uncovered.Real-world experimental validation of the optimal Mg(BH_(4))_(2)-LiBH_(4)-FGi system confirms consistency with model predictions,and performance enhancement attributes to experimental parameter optimization.Further characterizations provide mechanistic insights into the synergistic interactions of FGi and LiBH_(4).This work paves the way for advancing utilization of machine learning in the high-capacity hydrogen storage field.
文摘In recent years, the effective conversion of organic wastes into valuable products has been a focus and difficulty in sustainable energy and environmental management. Organic wastes come from a wide range of sources, and industrial and agricultural sources are the main sources of organic waste in China, which can be controlled by microwave pyrolysis technology. In microwave pyrolysis treatment, catalysts have been the key material, microwave absorber, and catalyst of the research hotspot in recent years. This paper summarises the typical influencing parameters of microwave pyrolysis (including microwave power, pyrolysis temperature and microwave absorber), and also summarises the various catalysts applied in microwave pyrolysis, and looks forward to the potential application prospect of pyrolysis products, and the future development direction.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51371051)Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials(No.BM2007204)。
文摘A two-dimensional(2-D)multi-component and multi-phase cellular automaton(CA)model coupled with the Calphad method and finite difference method(FDM)is proposed to simulate the gas pore formation and microstructures in solidification process of hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg alloys.In this model,the pore growth,and dendritic and eutectic solidification are simulated using a CA technique.To achieve the equilibrium among multiple phases during ternary Al-based alloy solidification,the phase transition thermodynamics and kinetics are evaluated by adopting the Calphad method.The diffusion equations of hydrogen and two solutes are solved by FDM.The developed CA-FDM coupled model can be used for simulating the evolution of gas microporosity and microstructures,involving dendrites and irregular binary and ternary eutectics,of ternary hypoeutectic Al-Si-Mg alloys.It has the capability of reproducing the interactions between the hydrogen microporosity formation and the growth of dendrites and eutectics,the competitive growth among the growing gas pores of different sizes,together with the time-evolving concentration fields of hydrogen and solutes.The simulated morphology of gas pore and microstructure has a good agreement with the experimental observation.The influences of the initial hydrogen concentration and cooling rate on the microporosity formation are investigated.It is found that the main portion of porosity formation occurs in the eutectic solidification stage through analyzing the profiles of porosity percentage and solid fraction varying with solidification time.The varying features of simulated porosity percentage,the maximum and average pores radii indicate that increasing initial hydrogen concentration promotes the formation of higher final porosity percentage and larger pores,while the size of gas pores will significantly reduce with increasing cooling rate,leading to a lower final porosity percentage.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China:81674062。
文摘Objective To observe the changes in hepatic histomorphology and the differences in the expression of PD-1 after different moxibustion interventions in the immunosuppressed rabbits caused by cyclophosphamide and analyze the intervention effects of different moxibustion therapies.Methods A total of 40 big-ear white rabbits were randomized into 4 groups,i.e.a blank group,an immunosuppressed model group,a moxibustion group and a herbal-paste isolated moxibustion group,10 rabbits in each one.In the immunosuppressed model group,the moxibustion group and the herbal-paste isolated moxibustion group,the intraperitoneal injection with cyclophosphamide was administered consecutively for 7 days,60 mg/kg,and then,the immunosuppressed models were prepared.After the models were established successfully,in the moxibustion group and the herbal-paste isolated moxibustion group,moxibustion was administer at"Shénquè(神阙CV 8)""Guānyuán(关元CV 4)""Zúsānlĭ(足三里ST 36)""Píshū(脾俞BL20)"and"Shènshū(肾俞BL23)",once every other day,10 times in total.In the blank group and the immunosuppressed model group,the rabbits were restricted on the rabbit platform at the same time periods,without intervention.On the second day after the end of intervention,the animals were weighed and anesthetized,and the livers were extracted.After routine HE staining,the changes of hepatic histomorphology were observed under the microscope and the morphometric analysis was conducted in each group.Besides,PD-1 expression was observed with immunohistochemical method.Result Compared with the blank group,after modeling of each animal in three groups,the body mass decreased obviously(all P<0.01),the hepatocyte count decreased(all P<0.01),the inflammatory cellular infiltration area was increased obviously(all P<0.01),necrosis appeared in hepatic tissue and the positive expression of PD-1 in hepatic tissue was significantly increased(all P<0.01).After moxibustion intervention,compared with the immunosuppressed model group,the body masses of the animals were increased obviously(P<0.05,P<0.01),the hepatocyte count was increased obviously(both P<0.01),the infiltration area of inflammatory cells decreased significantly(both P<0.01)and the expression of the PD-1 decreased in the hepatic tissue(both P<0.05)in both the moxibustion group and the herbal-paste isolated moxibustion group.Compared with the moxibustion group,the animal body mass was higher obviously(P<0.01),the hepatocyte count was raised apparently(P<0.01)and the infiltration area of inflammatory cells were reduced obviously(P<0.05)in the herbal-paste isolated moxibustion group.Conclusion The intervention with different moxibustion therapies improves the condition of body mass reduction and hepatic tissue damage of the immunosuppressed rabbits caused by cyclophosphamide.The effect of herbal-paste isolated moxibustion therapy is better than that of simple moxibustion therapy.
