Optical skyrmions,as quasiparticles with non-trivial topological structures,have garnered significant attention in recent years.This paper proposes a method for customized spin angular momentum(SAM)distribution in hig...Optical skyrmions,as quasiparticles with non-trivial topological structures,have garnered significant attention in recent years.This paper proposes a method for customized spin angular momentum(SAM)distribution in highly localized focal fields,thereby enabling the generation of SAM skyrmion and bimeron topologies.The skyrmionic SAM textures can be flexibly controlled,such as polarity,vorticity,and helicity.In addition,the two-dimensional projection plane can be arbitrarily oriented within three-dimensional space.By utilizing time-reversal techniques,we obtain the required illumination fields of the 4π-focusing system and subsequently evaluate the tightly focused field using vector Debye integral theory.Our results show that the SAM orientation within the focal field is controlled by the orientation of orthogonal dipole pairs.Using the radiation field of a multi-concentric array of orthogonal dipole pairs,the distribution of SAM orientation in the target plane can be tailored to generate SAM topological structures such as skyrmions and bimerons.Highly localized and tunable SAM engineering holds great potential for applications in optical manipulation,light–matter interactions,optical information processing,transmission,and storage.展开更多
The creation and manipulation of photonic skyrmions provide a novel degree of freedom for light-matter interactions,optical communication and nanometrology.Since the localized vortex within skyrmions arises from the t...The creation and manipulation of photonic skyrmions provide a novel degree of freedom for light-matter interactions,optical communication and nanometrology.Since the localized vortex within skyrmions arises from the twist and curl of the phase structure,the orbital angular momentum of light is essential for their construction.While numerous skyrmionic textures have been proposed,they are formed within the spatial domain and induced by the longitudinal orbital angular momentum.Here we theoretically propose and experimentally observe spatiotemporal skyrmions within a picosecond pulse wavepacket,generated through vectorial sculpturing of spatiotemporal wavepackets.The skyrmionic textures emerge within the spatiotemporal distribution of a vector field encompass all possible polarization states.Constructed upon the transverse orbital angular momentum,spatiotemporal skyrmions,in contrast to spatial skyrmions,exhibit no helical twisting perpendicular to the skyrmion plane,demonstrating potential stability against deformations or perturbations.These results expand the skyrmion family and offer new insights into optical quasiparticles,potentially leading to advanced applications in optical metrology,sensing,and data storage.展开更多
High-aspect-ratio structures with heights or depths significantly exceeding their lateral dimensions hold broad application potential across various fields.The production of these structures is challenging,requiring m...High-aspect-ratio structures with heights or depths significantly exceeding their lateral dimensions hold broad application potential across various fields.The production of these structures is challenging,requiring meticulous control over materials,scale,and precision.We introduce an economical and efficient approach for fabricating high-aspect-ratio nanostructures using a two-photon polymerization process.This approach achieves feature sizes of around 37 nm with an aspect ratio of 10:1 using commercial photoresists.Offering advantages over traditional techniques,our approach simplifies operation and enhances design flexibility,facilitating the creation of smaller,more complex,and high-aspect-ratio structures.The capabilities of this approach are demonstrated by producing arrays of three-dimensional microstructures that exhibit sub-micron scales,extensive periodicity,and pronounced aspect ratios.These developments open new possibilities for applications in biomedical,precision engineering,and optical microdevice manufacturing.展开更多
Optical skyrmions,characterized by non-trivial optical vector textures,have significant potential in optical communication systems for information processing and storage.Here,we focus on the interaction between two op...Optical skyrmions,characterized by non-trivial optical vector textures,have significant potential in optical communication systems for information processing and storage.Here,we focus on the interaction between two optical skyrmions,examining how different types of skyrmions affect the overall topology.We show that skyrmions with opposite skyrmion numbers result in topological annihilation.Typical examples include interactions involving opposite vorticity or opposite polarity.Although the resulting states are topologically trivial,they exhibit distinct polarization textures,such as helical phase patterns and bimeron-like structures.Furthermore,interactions between skyrmions with the same skyrmion number but opposite vorticity and polarity give rise to bimeron topologies perturbed by trivial components.These findings advance our comprehension of optical topological quasiparticles,highlighting their potential significance in optical information transfer,storage,and communication.展开更多
Optical skyrmions are quasiparticles with nontrivial topological textures that have significant potential in optical information processing,transmission,and storage.Here,we theoretically and experimentally achieve the...Optical skyrmions are quasiparticles with nontrivial topological textures that have significant potential in optical information processing,transmission,and storage.Here,we theoretically and experimentally achieve the conversion of optical skyrmions among Néel,Bloch,intermediate skyrmions,and bimerons by polarization devices,where the fusion and annihilation of optical skyrmions are demonstrated accordingly.By analyzing the polarization pattern in Poincarébeams,we reveal the skyrmion topology dependence on the device,which provides a pathway for the study of skyrmion interactions.A vectorial optical field generator is implemented to realize the conversion and superposition experimentally,and the results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.These results enhance our comprehension of optical topological quasiparticles,which could have a significant impact on the transfer,storage,and communication of optical information.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12434012,92050202,12274299)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2024J01789,2022J011102)+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22QA1406600)Quanzhou City Science and Technology Program(2024QZGZ7)。
文摘Optical skyrmions,as quasiparticles with non-trivial topological structures,have garnered significant attention in recent years.This paper proposes a method for customized spin angular momentum(SAM)distribution in highly localized focal fields,thereby enabling the generation of SAM skyrmion and bimeron topologies.The skyrmionic SAM textures can be flexibly controlled,such as polarity,vorticity,and helicity.In addition,the two-dimensional projection plane can be arbitrarily oriented within three-dimensional space.By utilizing time-reversal techniques,we obtain the required illumination fields of the 4π-focusing system and subsequently evaluate the tightly focused field using vector Debye integral theory.Our results show that the SAM orientation within the focal field is controlled by the orientation of orthogonal dipole pairs.Using the radiation field of a multi-concentric array of orthogonal dipole pairs,the distribution of SAM orientation in the target plane can be tailored to generate SAM topological structures such as skyrmions and bimerons.Highly localized and tunable SAM engineering holds great potential for applications in optical manipulation,light–matter interactions,optical information processing,transmission,and storage.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12434012,12204309,12304367)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(22YF1415200,23YF1415800)Shanghai Post-doctoral Excellence Program(2023533).
文摘The creation and manipulation of photonic skyrmions provide a novel degree of freedom for light-matter interactions,optical communication and nanometrology.Since the localized vortex within skyrmions arises from the twist and curl of the phase structure,the orbital angular momentum of light is essential for their construction.While numerous skyrmionic textures have been proposed,they are formed within the spatial domain and induced by the longitudinal orbital angular momentum.Here we theoretically propose and experimentally observe spatiotemporal skyrmions within a picosecond pulse wavepacket,generated through vectorial sculpturing of spatiotemporal wavepackets.The skyrmionic textures emerge within the spatiotemporal distribution of a vector field encompass all possible polarization states.Constructed upon the transverse orbital angular momentum,spatiotemporal skyrmions,in contrast to spatial skyrmions,exhibit no helical twisting perpendicular to the skyrmion plane,demonstrating potential stability against deformations or perturbations.These results expand the skyrmion family and offer new insights into optical quasiparticles,potentially leading to advanced applications in optical metrology,sensing,and data storage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92050202 and 12274299)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.22QA1406600)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.20ZR1437600).
文摘High-aspect-ratio structures with heights or depths significantly exceeding their lateral dimensions hold broad application potential across various fields.The production of these structures is challenging,requiring meticulous control over materials,scale,and precision.We introduce an economical and efficient approach for fabricating high-aspect-ratio nanostructures using a two-photon polymerization process.This approach achieves feature sizes of around 37 nm with an aspect ratio of 10:1 using commercial photoresists.Offering advantages over traditional techniques,our approach simplifies operation and enhances design flexibility,facilitating the creation of smaller,more complex,and high-aspect-ratio structures.The capabilities of this approach are demonstrated by producing arrays of three-dimensional microstructures that exhibit sub-micron scales,extensive periodicity,and pronounced aspect ratios.These developments open new possibilities for applications in biomedical,precision engineering,and optical microdevice manufacturing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12434012,12204309,and 12304367)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Nos.22YF1415200 and 23YF1415800)the Shanghai Post-doctoral Excellence Program(No.2023533)。
文摘Optical skyrmions,characterized by non-trivial optical vector textures,have significant potential in optical communication systems for information processing and storage.Here,we focus on the interaction between two optical skyrmions,examining how different types of skyrmions affect the overall topology.We show that skyrmions with opposite skyrmion numbers result in topological annihilation.Typical examples include interactions involving opposite vorticity or opposite polarity.Although the resulting states are topologically trivial,they exhibit distinct polarization textures,such as helical phase patterns and bimeron-like structures.Furthermore,interactions between skyrmions with the same skyrmion number but opposite vorticity and polarity give rise to bimeron topologies perturbed by trivial components.These findings advance our comprehension of optical topological quasiparticles,highlighting their potential significance in optical information transfer,storage,and communication.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(92050202,12204309)Shanghai Rising-Star Program(22YF1415200,23YF1415800)。
文摘Optical skyrmions are quasiparticles with nontrivial topological textures that have significant potential in optical information processing,transmission,and storage.Here,we theoretically and experimentally achieve the conversion of optical skyrmions among Néel,Bloch,intermediate skyrmions,and bimerons by polarization devices,where the fusion and annihilation of optical skyrmions are demonstrated accordingly.By analyzing the polarization pattern in Poincarébeams,we reveal the skyrmion topology dependence on the device,which provides a pathway for the study of skyrmion interactions.A vectorial optical field generator is implemented to realize the conversion and superposition experimentally,and the results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.These results enhance our comprehension of optical topological quasiparticles,which could have a significant impact on the transfer,storage,and communication of optical information.
