目的分析2020—2024年菏泽市适龄儿童水痘减毒活疫苗的接种情况及不良反应分布特征,为水痘减毒活疫苗的安全接种和水痘的科学防控提供理论依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统、山东省免疫规划综合信息系统,收集2020—2024年菏泽市...目的分析2020—2024年菏泽市适龄儿童水痘减毒活疫苗的接种情况及不良反应分布特征,为水痘减毒活疫苗的安全接种和水痘的科学防控提供理论依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统、山东省免疫规划综合信息系统,收集2020—2024年菏泽市水痘减毒活疫苗第1剂次和第2剂次接种剂次数及疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI)发生情况,使用Excel 17.0分析水痘减毒活疫苗AEFI反应分类、症状分布情况及特征分布,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2019—2023年菏泽市出生儿童第1剂次水痘减毒活疫苗的接种率为72.58%,2016—2020年出生儿童第2剂次水痘减毒活疫苗的接种率为70.30%。2020—2024年菏泽市水痘减毒活疫苗AEFI报告发生率分别为12.91/10万、17.28/10万、11.68/10万、8.36/10万、11.78/10万,以一般反应为主。水痘减毒活疫苗AEFI的局部症状以发热、红肿、硬结常见,全身症状以哭闹、嗜睡、食欲不振和乏力常见。水痘减毒活疫苗AEFI报告例数方面,1~<5岁报告例数最多,4—6月报告例数最多,接种→发生时间0~1d报告例数最多。第1剂次和第2剂次水痘减毒活疫苗AEFI报告发生率分别为16.12/10万和5.29/10万,第2剂次的水痘减毒活疫苗AEFI报告发生率低于第1剂次(χ^(2)=23.85,P<0.001)。结论水痘减毒活疫苗安全性良好,第2剂次水痘减毒活疫苗AEFI报告发生率低于第1剂次,应提高适龄儿童水痘减毒活疫苗两剂次接种率,以降低水痘的发病率,控制水痘的暴发流行。展开更多
This study is used to investigate the feasibility of employing the Iodogen method to label triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) targeted to the initiator of the S gene of HBV with 125I. A 17-mer oligonucleotides sequ...This study is used to investigate the feasibility of employing the Iodogen method to label triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) targeted to the initiator of the S gene of HBV with 125I. A 17-mer oligonucleotides sequence was synthesized and grafted at the 5′ terminal with a tyramine group. Radioiodination of the tyramine-TFO with 125I was then performed using the Iodogen method. After TFO was labeled with 125I using the Iodogen method, the label- ing rate, the radiochemical purity, stability and bioactivity were determined, respectively. The results show that the radiolabeling rate and the radiochemical purity were 93% and 99%, respectively; and the radiochemical purity is more than 90% in vitro at -20°C on the 5th day after labeling; and the rate of 125I-tyramine-TFO binding to HepG2.2.15 cells was (37.2 ± 1.4)% and statistically different from the rate of HepG2 (p < 0.5). Hence, it is concluded that the labeling of oligonucleotides conjugated with tyramine using the Iodogen method is successful and is characterized with a high labeling rate, high stability, and a low loss of bioactivity of the labeled agent.展开更多
Catalytic methylation of toluene with methanol is an important alternative pathway for xylene production.Previous studies have indicated that methanol always undergoes several side reactions on acidic zeolites,resulti...Catalytic methylation of toluene with methanol is an important alternative pathway for xylene production.Previous studies have indicated that methanol always undergoes several side reactions on acidic zeolites,resulting in oxygencontaining byproducts such as dimethyl ethers,ketones,and carboxylic acids.Herein,the presence and distribution of the oxygenated compounds formed during toluene methylation were firstly examined by systematic chromatographic analysis.Plausible formation mechanisms for the various oxygenates are discussed.The most problematic byproduct is found to be acetic acid,which can lead to inferior product quality and damage downstream units.A feasible solution is presented for oxygenate removal after toluene methylation,in which acetic acid is eliminated by catalytic decomposition into low-boilingpoint acetone over a MgO catalyst.This process allows for all of the low-boiling-point oxygenates,including methanol,dimethyl ether,acetone,and butanone,to be removed from the aromatics phase,taking advantage of the temperature of the reaction effluent and standard distillation equipment.X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the crystal phase of the fresh and used MgO decarbonylation catalysts,while thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to investigate the transformation mechanism of acetic acid over the decarbonylation catalyst.CO insertion and ketonization of acetic acid accounted for the formation and elimination of acetic acid,respectively.The combined methylation/decarbonylation process should enable the production of high-quality xylenes,an important industrial feedstock,by overcoming the main technical obstacles associated with the toluene methylation process.展开更多
文摘目的分析2020—2024年菏泽市适龄儿童水痘减毒活疫苗的接种情况及不良反应分布特征,为水痘减毒活疫苗的安全接种和水痘的科学防控提供理论依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统、山东省免疫规划综合信息系统,收集2020—2024年菏泽市水痘减毒活疫苗第1剂次和第2剂次接种剂次数及疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI)发生情况,使用Excel 17.0分析水痘减毒活疫苗AEFI反应分类、症状分布情况及特征分布,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2019—2023年菏泽市出生儿童第1剂次水痘减毒活疫苗的接种率为72.58%,2016—2020年出生儿童第2剂次水痘减毒活疫苗的接种率为70.30%。2020—2024年菏泽市水痘减毒活疫苗AEFI报告发生率分别为12.91/10万、17.28/10万、11.68/10万、8.36/10万、11.78/10万,以一般反应为主。水痘减毒活疫苗AEFI的局部症状以发热、红肿、硬结常见,全身症状以哭闹、嗜睡、食欲不振和乏力常见。水痘减毒活疫苗AEFI报告例数方面,1~<5岁报告例数最多,4—6月报告例数最多,接种→发生时间0~1d报告例数最多。第1剂次和第2剂次水痘减毒活疫苗AEFI报告发生率分别为16.12/10万和5.29/10万,第2剂次的水痘减毒活疫苗AEFI报告发生率低于第1剂次(χ^(2)=23.85,P<0.001)。结论水痘减毒活疫苗安全性良好,第2剂次水痘减毒活疫苗AEFI报告发生率低于第1剂次,应提高适龄儿童水痘减毒活疫苗两剂次接种率,以降低水痘的发病率,控制水痘的暴发流行。
文摘This study is used to investigate the feasibility of employing the Iodogen method to label triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) targeted to the initiator of the S gene of HBV with 125I. A 17-mer oligonucleotides sequence was synthesized and grafted at the 5′ terminal with a tyramine group. Radioiodination of the tyramine-TFO with 125I was then performed using the Iodogen method. After TFO was labeled with 125I using the Iodogen method, the label- ing rate, the radiochemical purity, stability and bioactivity were determined, respectively. The results show that the radiolabeling rate and the radiochemical purity were 93% and 99%, respectively; and the radiochemical purity is more than 90% in vitro at -20°C on the 5th day after labeling; and the rate of 125I-tyramine-TFO binding to HepG2.2.15 cells was (37.2 ± 1.4)% and statistically different from the rate of HepG2 (p < 0.5). Hence, it is concluded that the labeling of oligonucleotides conjugated with tyramine using the Iodogen method is successful and is characterized with a high labeling rate, high stability, and a low loss of bioactivity of the labeled agent.
基金We gratefully acknowledge the support from the National 973 Program of China(Grant No.2003CB615800).
文摘Catalytic methylation of toluene with methanol is an important alternative pathway for xylene production.Previous studies have indicated that methanol always undergoes several side reactions on acidic zeolites,resulting in oxygencontaining byproducts such as dimethyl ethers,ketones,and carboxylic acids.Herein,the presence and distribution of the oxygenated compounds formed during toluene methylation were firstly examined by systematic chromatographic analysis.Plausible formation mechanisms for the various oxygenates are discussed.The most problematic byproduct is found to be acetic acid,which can lead to inferior product quality and damage downstream units.A feasible solution is presented for oxygenate removal after toluene methylation,in which acetic acid is eliminated by catalytic decomposition into low-boilingpoint acetone over a MgO catalyst.This process allows for all of the low-boiling-point oxygenates,including methanol,dimethyl ether,acetone,and butanone,to be removed from the aromatics phase,taking advantage of the temperature of the reaction effluent and standard distillation equipment.X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the crystal phase of the fresh and used MgO decarbonylation catalysts,while thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to investigate the transformation mechanism of acetic acid over the decarbonylation catalyst.CO insertion and ketonization of acetic acid accounted for the formation and elimination of acetic acid,respectively.The combined methylation/decarbonylation process should enable the production of high-quality xylenes,an important industrial feedstock,by overcoming the main technical obstacles associated with the toluene methylation process.
