With the increasing severity of arsenic(As)pollution,quantifying the environmental behavior of pollutant based on numerical model has become an important approach to determine the potential impacts and finalize the pr...With the increasing severity of arsenic(As)pollution,quantifying the environmental behavior of pollutant based on numerical model has become an important approach to determine the potential impacts and finalize the precise control strategies.Taking the industrialintensive Jinsha River Basin as typical area,a two-dimensional hydrodynamic water quality model coupled with Soil andWater Assessment Tool(SWAT)model was developed to accurately simulate the watershed-scale distribution and transport of As in the terrestrial and aquatic environment at high spatial and temporal resolution.The effects of hydro-climate change,hydropower station construction and non-point source emissions on Aswere quantified based on the coupled model.The result indicated that higher As concentration areas mainly centralized in urban districts and concentration slowly decreased from upstream to downstream.Due to the enhanced rainfall,the As concentration was significantly higher during the rainy season than the dry season.Hydro-climate change and the construction of hydropower station not only affected the dissolved As concentration,but also affected the adsorption and desorption of As in sediment.Furthermore,As concentration increased with the input of non-point source pollution,with the maximum increase about 30%,resulting that non-point sources contributed important pollutant impacts to waterways.The coupled model used in pollutant behavior analysis is generalwith high potential application to predict and mitigate water pollution.展开更多
Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were e...Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were extracted from PKC using a 2 mol/L NaOH solution.The molecular weight,sugar composition,structural characteristics,morphology,antioxidant activity,as well as in vitro stimulated digestion were investigated in detail.The results revealed that due to its poor solubility of PPA in water,the detected molecular weight of PPA was only 2040 g/mol,which was significantly lower than that of PPE(65,300 g/mol).Although PPA and PPE had a similar sugar composition with varying contents,mannose was the predominant monosaccharide in both,accounting for 87.71%and 60.40%,respectively.Both PPA and PPE were primarily composed of crystalline mannan,consisting of mannopyranosyl units linked by(1→4)-β-glycosidic bonds,along with a small amount of lignin.PPA possibly contained a higher proportion of crystalline mannan,whereas PPE had a larger amount of arabinoxylan and galactomannan.Atomic force microscope revealed a stacked morphology for both PPA and PPE.PPA exhibited a higher scavenging rate against DPPH•and ABTS^(+)•but a weaker HO•scavenging activity and reducing power compared with PPE.Within the polysaccharide concentration range of 0.5-5.0 mg/mL,PPA and PPB demonstrated the strongest scavenging activity against ABTS^(+)•,with the highest scavenging rates exceeding 91%.However,PPA and PPB exhibited the weakest scavenging activity against HO•,with their highest HO•scavenging rates reaching only 44.91%and 55.86%,respectively.The antioxidant activities of both PPA and PPE were weaker than that of ascorbic acid.PPA remained almost stable in the in vitro simulated saliva fluid,while PPE exhibited weaker resistance to it.Both PPA and PPE exhibited weak resistance to the in vitro simulated gastric digestion fluids,but remained relatively stable in the in vitro simulated small-intestinal digestion fluid.The differences in physicochemical properties between PPA and PPE likely played an important role in their distinct biological activities.These findings suggest potential utilization of PKC in exploring dietary polysaccharides with favorable antioxidant activity and unique digestive characteristics.展开更多
BACKGROUND SLC16A8,a lactate efflux transporter,is upregulated in various cancers,but its effects on tumor microenvironments remain understudied.This research explores its role in colorectal cancer(CRC)and the impact ...BACKGROUND SLC16A8,a lactate efflux transporter,is upregulated in various cancers,but its effects on tumor microenvironments remain understudied.This research explores its role in colorectal cancer(CRC)and the impact on the associated microenvir-onment consisting of vascular endothelial cells.AIM To explore the role in CRC and the impact on the associated microenvironment consisting of vascular endothelial cells.METHODS Hypoxic conditions prompted examination of SLC16A8 expression,glycolysis,lactate efflux,and Warburg effect correlations in CRC cell lines.Co-culture with HUVEC allowed for endothelial-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)character-ization,revealing lactate efflux's influence.Knockdown of SLC16A8 in CRC cells enabled relevant phenotype tests and tumorigenesis experiments,investigating tumor growth,blood vessel distribution,and signaling pathway alterations.RESULTS SLC16A8 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues and correlated with disease progression(P<0.05).Under hypoxic conditions,HIF-1αinduced SLC16A8 expression,leading to enhanced metabolic reprogramming and increased lactate production.siRNA-mediated SLC16A8 knockdown effectively reversed hypoxia-induced changes,including reduced glucose consumption and lactate production.Co-culture experiments revealed that SLC16A8 knockdown significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced EndMT in HUVEC cells.In vivo studies demonstrated that SLC16A8 knockdown suppressed tumor growth,reduced Ki67 expression,and decreased HIF-1αlevels.Furthermore,SLC16A8 silencing led to decreased ex-pression of key metabolic enzymes PKM2 and LDHA,indicating its role in glycolytic regulation.CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that SLC16A8 functions as a critical mediator of hypoxia-induced metabolic reprogramming in CRC progression.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC1502504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41877531).
文摘With the increasing severity of arsenic(As)pollution,quantifying the environmental behavior of pollutant based on numerical model has become an important approach to determine the potential impacts and finalize the precise control strategies.Taking the industrialintensive Jinsha River Basin as typical area,a two-dimensional hydrodynamic water quality model coupled with Soil andWater Assessment Tool(SWAT)model was developed to accurately simulate the watershed-scale distribution and transport of As in the terrestrial and aquatic environment at high spatial and temporal resolution.The effects of hydro-climate change,hydropower station construction and non-point source emissions on Aswere quantified based on the coupled model.The result indicated that higher As concentration areas mainly centralized in urban districts and concentration slowly decreased from upstream to downstream.Due to the enhanced rainfall,the As concentration was significantly higher during the rainy season than the dry season.Hydro-climate change and the construction of hydropower station not only affected the dissolved As concentration,but also affected the adsorption and desorption of As in sediment.Furthermore,As concentration increased with the input of non-point source pollution,with the maximum increase about 30%,resulting that non-point sources contributed important pollutant impacts to waterways.The coupled model used in pollutant behavior analysis is generalwith high potential application to predict and mitigate water pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22068025).
文摘Palm kernel cake(PKC),a major by-product of the palm oil industry,is rich in non-starch polysaccharides.In this study,two polysaccharide fractions,precipitated with acetic acid(PPA)and ethanol(PPE),respectively,were extracted from PKC using a 2 mol/L NaOH solution.The molecular weight,sugar composition,structural characteristics,morphology,antioxidant activity,as well as in vitro stimulated digestion were investigated in detail.The results revealed that due to its poor solubility of PPA in water,the detected molecular weight of PPA was only 2040 g/mol,which was significantly lower than that of PPE(65,300 g/mol).Although PPA and PPE had a similar sugar composition with varying contents,mannose was the predominant monosaccharide in both,accounting for 87.71%and 60.40%,respectively.Both PPA and PPE were primarily composed of crystalline mannan,consisting of mannopyranosyl units linked by(1→4)-β-glycosidic bonds,along with a small amount of lignin.PPA possibly contained a higher proportion of crystalline mannan,whereas PPE had a larger amount of arabinoxylan and galactomannan.Atomic force microscope revealed a stacked morphology for both PPA and PPE.PPA exhibited a higher scavenging rate against DPPH•and ABTS^(+)•but a weaker HO•scavenging activity and reducing power compared with PPE.Within the polysaccharide concentration range of 0.5-5.0 mg/mL,PPA and PPB demonstrated the strongest scavenging activity against ABTS^(+)•,with the highest scavenging rates exceeding 91%.However,PPA and PPB exhibited the weakest scavenging activity against HO•,with their highest HO•scavenging rates reaching only 44.91%and 55.86%,respectively.The antioxidant activities of both PPA and PPE were weaker than that of ascorbic acid.PPA remained almost stable in the in vitro simulated saliva fluid,while PPE exhibited weaker resistance to it.Both PPA and PPE exhibited weak resistance to the in vitro simulated gastric digestion fluids,but remained relatively stable in the in vitro simulated small-intestinal digestion fluid.The differences in physicochemical properties between PPA and PPE likely played an important role in their distinct biological activities.These findings suggest potential utilization of PKC in exploring dietary polysaccharides with favorable antioxidant activity and unique digestive characteristics.
基金Supported by Nanchong Science and Technology Plan Project,No.23JCYJPT0064Project of Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2024MS590。
文摘BACKGROUND SLC16A8,a lactate efflux transporter,is upregulated in various cancers,but its effects on tumor microenvironments remain understudied.This research explores its role in colorectal cancer(CRC)and the impact on the associated microenvir-onment consisting of vascular endothelial cells.AIM To explore the role in CRC and the impact on the associated microenvironment consisting of vascular endothelial cells.METHODS Hypoxic conditions prompted examination of SLC16A8 expression,glycolysis,lactate efflux,and Warburg effect correlations in CRC cell lines.Co-culture with HUVEC allowed for endothelial-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)character-ization,revealing lactate efflux's influence.Knockdown of SLC16A8 in CRC cells enabled relevant phenotype tests and tumorigenesis experiments,investigating tumor growth,blood vessel distribution,and signaling pathway alterations.RESULTS SLC16A8 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues and correlated with disease progression(P<0.05).Under hypoxic conditions,HIF-1αinduced SLC16A8 expression,leading to enhanced metabolic reprogramming and increased lactate production.siRNA-mediated SLC16A8 knockdown effectively reversed hypoxia-induced changes,including reduced glucose consumption and lactate production.Co-culture experiments revealed that SLC16A8 knockdown significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced EndMT in HUVEC cells.In vivo studies demonstrated that SLC16A8 knockdown suppressed tumor growth,reduced Ki67 expression,and decreased HIF-1αlevels.Furthermore,SLC16A8 silencing led to decreased ex-pression of key metabolic enzymes PKM2 and LDHA,indicating its role in glycolytic regulation.CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that SLC16A8 functions as a critical mediator of hypoxia-induced metabolic reprogramming in CRC progression.
