The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion(MATE) family plays pivotal roles in the detoxification process in plants, while no information has been provided for this gene family in melon(Cucumis melo L.) thus far, limi...The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion(MATE) family plays pivotal roles in the detoxification process in plants, while no information has been provided for this gene family in melon(Cucumis melo L.) thus far, limiting our understanding of its functions in melon acclimation to stressful environments. In this study, a total of 39 MATEs(CmMATE1–CmMATE39) were observed in the melon genome;these were unevenly distributed in all chromosomes, with the most on Chromosome 1. Based on their orthologous relationship with those from Arabidopsis, rice, and sorghum, melon MATEs were clustered into three subfamilies of Clades Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, wherein 23, 9, and 7 members were included, respectively.Variable exon number was observed in CmMATEs, and the most were harbored by CmMATE8. Gene ontology(GO) term and cis-regulatory element(CRE) analyses pointed to the potential roles of CmMATEs in both the regulation of melon development and acclimation to various abiotic and biotic stressors. The RNA-seq and qRT-PCR(quantitative real-time PCR) results demonstrated that under normal growth conditions, CmMATEs were expressed in a tissue-and development-specific manner, while their abundance apparently varied in a stress-dependent manner when melon plants were exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions. Altogether, these observations could expand our knowledge about the plant MATE family and benefit functional genomics analysis for CmMATEs in the future.展开更多
Random optical systems have been widely investigated due to their abundant physical effects,including numerous degrees of freedom and equilibrium states.Whereas the boundary perturbation can disturb the dynamical beha...Random optical systems have been widely investigated due to their abundant physical effects,including numerous degrees of freedom and equilibrium states.Whereas the boundary perturbation can disturb the dynamical behavior of the equilibrium states and lead to a series of unexplored evolution,here we unveil the equilibrium transition induced by boundary perturbation in random fiber lasers through introducing a laser-feedback process.In this typical random optical system,the predominant role of random scattering can be manipulated by a laser-feedback process that serves as boundary perturbation,causing the transition of the equilibrium state and output properties of the laser.On this basis,the photon lifetime can also be reduced,presenting huge potential in highly sensitive non-contact sensing with a detectable minimum feedback power of 12.08 f W and a detection distance of130 km.Our work provides a new perspective in deepening the understanding of intrinsic mechanisms in random systems and broadens the underlying applications,including modal manipulation and high sensitivity measurement.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFD1000)Shandong Vegetable Research System (Grant No. SDAIT-05–05)+1 种基金Major Agricultural Application Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province (2018)The Key Research and Development Program of Shandong and Chongqing Cooperation (Grant No. 2020LYXZ001)
文摘The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion(MATE) family plays pivotal roles in the detoxification process in plants, while no information has been provided for this gene family in melon(Cucumis melo L.) thus far, limiting our understanding of its functions in melon acclimation to stressful environments. In this study, a total of 39 MATEs(CmMATE1–CmMATE39) were observed in the melon genome;these were unevenly distributed in all chromosomes, with the most on Chromosome 1. Based on their orthologous relationship with those from Arabidopsis, rice, and sorghum, melon MATEs were clustered into three subfamilies of Clades Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ, wherein 23, 9, and 7 members were included, respectively.Variable exon number was observed in CmMATEs, and the most were harbored by CmMATE8. Gene ontology(GO) term and cis-regulatory element(CRE) analyses pointed to the potential roles of CmMATEs in both the regulation of melon development and acclimation to various abiotic and biotic stressors. The RNA-seq and qRT-PCR(quantitative real-time PCR) results demonstrated that under normal growth conditions, CmMATEs were expressed in a tissue-and development-specific manner, while their abundance apparently varied in a stress-dependent manner when melon plants were exposed to unfavorable environmental conditions. Altogether, these observations could expand our knowledge about the plant MATE family and benefit functional genomics analysis for CmMATEs in the future.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62275001,62205001,62405001,62105001)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2408085QF206)。
文摘Random optical systems have been widely investigated due to their abundant physical effects,including numerous degrees of freedom and equilibrium states.Whereas the boundary perturbation can disturb the dynamical behavior of the equilibrium states and lead to a series of unexplored evolution,here we unveil the equilibrium transition induced by boundary perturbation in random fiber lasers through introducing a laser-feedback process.In this typical random optical system,the predominant role of random scattering can be manipulated by a laser-feedback process that serves as boundary perturbation,causing the transition of the equilibrium state and output properties of the laser.On this basis,the photon lifetime can also be reduced,presenting huge potential in highly sensitive non-contact sensing with a detectable minimum feedback power of 12.08 f W and a detection distance of130 km.Our work provides a new perspective in deepening the understanding of intrinsic mechanisms in random systems and broadens the underlying applications,including modal manipulation and high sensitivity measurement.
