The pathogen and characteristics, infection cycle, occurrence regularity and damage symptoms of sugarcane smut were introduced in the paper. Moreover, the comprehensive prevention measures were proposed on the basis o...The pathogen and characteristics, infection cycle, occurrence regularity and damage symptoms of sugarcane smut were introduced in the paper. Moreover, the comprehensive prevention measures were proposed on the basis of planting disease-resistant species, strengthening cultivation managements to improve dis- ease-resistant ability of sugarcane, and adopting fungicide control as assistant measures. The study provided certain basis for reducing damages of sugarcane smut and imorovin yield and quality of sugarcane.展开更多
Sugarcane smut greatly influences yield and quality of sugarcane.HAS1 gene in biocontrol strain HAS antagonistic to Sporisorium scitanminea was selected for prokaryotic expression vector construction and inducible exp...Sugarcane smut greatly influences yield and quality of sugarcane.HAS1 gene in biocontrol strain HAS antagonistic to Sporisorium scitanminea was selected for prokaryotic expression vector construction and inducible expression,and the antagonistic effect of HAS1 protein was detected in vitro.The results showed that the expression product of antifungal HAS1 gene obtained through prokaryotic expression vector construction and inducible expression had better antagonistic effect against S.scitanminea.This study provides an experimental basis for further utilization of this protein.展开更多
[Objectives]The antifungal protein HAS1 newly obtained was evaluated for acute toxicity safety in KM mice according to relevant national regulations,so as to eliminate people s concerns about the safety of transgenic ...[Objectives]The antifungal protein HAS1 newly obtained was evaluated for acute toxicity safety in KM mice according to relevant national regulations,so as to eliminate people s concerns about the safety of transgenic plants.[Methods]The acute toxicity of the purified protein HAS1 was observed by intragastric administration of mice,and the poisoning symptoms,poisoning degree,recovery and death were observed.[Results]No abnormal toxicity symptoms were observed in the test group,the vehicle control group and the blank control group.The main tissues and organs were not abnormal in gross anatomy.The average body weight of each group showed an increasing trend compared with before administration at 1,3,7,11 and 14 d after administration.It was found that after giving the purified protein HAS1 to KM mice at a cumulative dose of 64 mg/kg a day,no obvious toxicity was observed in the acute toxicity test,indicating that the test substance was non-toxic by oral administration.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for further use of the protein and its coding genes.展开更多
Virus-free sugarcane seedlings have improved biomass and sucrose content compared with ordinary seedlings, and sucrose invertases are key enzymes regulating sugarcane growth and sucrose accumulation. In this study, th...Virus-free sugarcane seedlings have improved biomass and sucrose content compared with ordinary seedlings, and sucrose invertases are key enzymes regulating sugarcane growth and sucrose accumulation. In this study, the differences in the expression levels of 3 invertase genes, CWI, SAI and NI, between virus- free and ordinary sugarcane seedlings were analyzed. Compared with ordinary sugarcane plants, the expression of CWI was mainly up-regulated in immature leaves and stems at elongation stage and leaves and immature internodes at maturation stage, and especially, greatly up-regulated in immature interuedes at maturation stage of virus-free plants. The expression of SAI and NI were mainly up-regnlated in leaves and immature internedes of virus-free plants at maturation stage, which might be beneficial to sugar accumulation and rapid utilization of monosaccharide in the stalks of virus-free plants. It is further indicated that virus-free treatment could significantly improve the expression of sucrose invertases at late growth period, and might facilitate the increase of plant biomass.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to obtain actinomycetes strains having antagonistic effect on Ustilago scitaminea Syd.[Methods] At first, actinomycetes strains were isolated from 22 soil samples in Hainan sugarc...[Objectives] This study was conducted to obtain actinomycetes strains having antagonistic effect on Ustilago scitaminea Syd.[Methods] At first, actinomycetes strains were isolated from 22 soil samples in Hainan sugarcane regions. Then, antagonistic actinomycetes against U. scitaminea were screened by confrontation culture. Finally, the taxonomic status of antagonistic actinomycetes was determined using 16S rDNA.[Results] From the 22 samples, 984 actinomycetes strains were isolated. From all the isolated strains, 23 antagonistic actinomycetes strains were obtained through primary screening, and one strains with better antagonistic effect was then obtained through secondary screening, and designated FAS. 16S rDNA identification showed that strain FAS shared 99% sequence similarity with Streptomyces cealestis US24. A phylogenetic tree was built with MAGE 7.0 software, and the results showed that strain FAS had the shortest genetic distance with S. caelestis US24. Therefore, the actinomycetes FAS was determined as S. caelestis .[Conclusions] This study provides a new biocontrol method for the biological control of sugarcane smut, thereby ensuring sustainable development of sugarcane industry and sugar industry.展开更多
Sugarcane is an important sugar and energy crop in tropical areas. Sucrose is the main product of photosynthesis and the end accumulation carbohydrate.The sucrose accumulation mechanism in sugarcane is typical in plan...Sugarcane is an important sugar and energy crop in tropical areas. Sucrose is the main product of photosynthesis and the end accumulation carbohydrate.The sucrose accumulation mechanism in sugarcane is typical in plants. We summarized the new progresses of molecular mechanisms on sucrose accumulation in sugarcane and the genetic improvements on sugar trait by genetic modification techniques. In addition,the developments of genetic modification techniques were also concluded.展开更多
The antifungal protein HAS1 is a new antifungal protein isolated from the genome of Bacillus subtilis HAS,which has a good inhibitory effect on various pathogenic fungi in sugarcane.This study aimed at evaluating the ...The antifungal protein HAS1 is a new antifungal protein isolated from the genome of Bacillus subtilis HAS,which has a good inhibitory effect on various pathogenic fungi in sugarcane.This study aimed at evaluating the immunological transfer reaction of the test sample through repeated skin contact by observing whether the cavy skin repeatedly exposed to purified protein HAS1 suffers from allergic reaction and how strong is the allergic reaction.The results showed that the test group and the vehicle control group exhibited no allergic reaction in the skin immediately and at 24,48 and 72 h and had an mean reaction score and a sensitization rate both of 0,so the results of the naked eye observation were both nonallergenic to cavy skin;and in the positive control group,the cavies were observed to be highly sensitized immediately after removing the drug,mildly sensitized at 24 h,and not sensitized at 48 and 72 h,which meant the skin allergy was alleviated with the observation time.It is suggested that the purified protein HAS1 is negative for cavy skin anaphylaxis test(nonallergenic to cavy skin),which provides an experimental basis for further utilization of the protein and its coding gene.展开更多
Antagonistic bacterium HJXI is a Bacillus subtilis strain isolated from field rhizasphere soil where banana wih was serious, with certain control efficacy on banana Fusarium wilt. The crude extract obtained from its f...Antagonistic bacterium HJXI is a Bacillus subtilis strain isolated from field rhizasphere soil where banana wih was serious, with certain control efficacy on banana Fusarium wilt. The crude extract obtained from its fermentation broth after ammonium sulfate precipitation has an inhibitory effect on various pathogenic fungi. The culture conditions for this strain were optimized in this study with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ettbense as an indicator, and the results showed that the fermentation broth obtained from culture in LB liquid medium under 30 ℃ at 170 r/min for48 h had the strongest inhibition against F. oxysparum f. 8p. cubense. It was observed that the inhibition was mainly reflected by causing breakage and distortion of myeelia, followed by appearance of vesicles and swelling, ablation, and leakage of protoplasm. This study provides a scientific basis for the study on the action mechanism of crude protein from bacterial strain HJX1.展开更多
The sugarcane genome polyploidization can reduce the pressure of gene evolution selection,promote the fixation of fine traits,and increase the biomass and economic value of sugarcane.This paper mainly introduced the o...The sugarcane genome polyploidization can reduce the pressure of gene evolution selection,promote the fixation of fine traits,and increase the biomass and economic value of sugarcane.This paper mainly introduced the origin of the sugarcane genome,the chromosome composition,the research progress of polyploidization genetic mechanism,in the hope of providing theoretical reference for sugarcane polyploidization breeding.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to explore the occurrence and mixed infection of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease in Hainan sugarcane-growing area.[Methods]A total of 348 sugarcane leaf samples were collected from 7 suga...[Objectives]The paper was to explore the occurrence and mixed infection of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease in Hainan sugarcane-growing area.[Methods]A total of 348 sugarcane leaf samples were collected from 7 sugarcane-growing areas in Hainan Province.Molecular detection of sugarcane bacilliform virus(SCBV)was carried out by PCR using specific primers.[Results]SCBV was detected in 244 out of 348 sugarcane samples,with an average detection rate of 70.11%.The highest detection rate was 76.66%in the Danzhou sugarcane-growing area,while the lowest was 57.14%in the Baisha sugarcane-growing area.The SCBV-positive samples were subjected to testing for SCYLV,SCSMV,SrMV,and SCMV,respectively.The results indicated that 106 out of 244 positive samples exhibited a single infection with SCBV,while 138 samples exhibited mixed infections with SCBV and other sugarcane viruses.The proportion of mixed infections among the SCBV-positive samples was as high as 56.56%.Among the various types of mixed infections,two-virus and three-virus mixed infections were the most prevalent.[Conclusions]SCBV has emerged as a significant threat to the secure production of sugarcane in the Hainan sugarcane-growing region.It presents an explosive infection in the Hainan sugarcane-growing region and frequently combines with other sugarcane viruses to infect sugarcane.The findings of this study will provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease.展开更多
Streptomyces caelestis FAS is an actinomyces strain isolated with Ustilago scitaminea as an indicator. With GAUZE s medium as the basic medium, carbon source and nitrogen source in the medium and ventilation volume we...Streptomyces caelestis FAS is an actinomyces strain isolated with Ustilago scitaminea as an indicator. With GAUZE s medium as the basic medium, carbon source and nitrogen source in the medium and ventilation volume were optimized, and the antifungal substances produced by S. caelestis FAS were preliminarily determined through organic solvent extraction and ammonium sulfate precipitation. The results showed that the antifungal components produced by S. caelestis FAS were proteins, and the optimal culture conditions were using corn flour as carbon source and KNO 3 as nitrogen source and culturing in 250 ml triangular flask added with 70 ml of culture medium. The crude protein obtained under these culture conditions had the best antifungal effect with an inhibition zone diameter of 25 mm. This study will provide a scientific basis for further study on the antifungal mechanism and application of S. caelestis FAS.展开更多
Bacillus subtilis HAS is a biocontrol strain with better inhibitory effect on Sporisorium scitaminea Sydow. In order to further understand its action range,with fungal pathogens in sugarcane production as targets,conf...Bacillus subtilis HAS is a biocontrol strain with better inhibitory effect on Sporisorium scitaminea Sydow. In order to further understand its action range,with fungal pathogens in sugarcane production as targets,confrontation tests and tests of inhibitory effect of secondary metabolites on growth of pathogens were carried out. The results showed that B. subtilis HAS not only had better inhibitory effect on S. Scitaminea,but also inhibited the growth of various fungal pathogens in sugarcane production. The inhibitory effect was the best on Ceratocystis adiposum,Thielaviopsis paradoxa,Fusarium moniliforme and Colletotrichum fuleatum,which was reflected by the radius of inhibitory zone over 10 mm. The inhibitory rates of the secondary metabolites were about 70%. It indicates that B. subtilis HAS has wide antifungal property,providing reference for further application of this strain.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Fund Project for Construction of Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System( nycytx-24)Basic Scientific Research Expenses of National Scientific Research Institutes( ITBB110509)
文摘The pathogen and characteristics, infection cycle, occurrence regularity and damage symptoms of sugarcane smut were introduced in the paper. Moreover, the comprehensive prevention measures were proposed on the basis of planting disease-resistant species, strengthening cultivation managements to improve dis- ease-resistant ability of sugarcane, and adopting fungicide control as assistant measures. The study provided certain basis for reducing damages of sugarcane smut and imorovin yield and quality of sugarcane.
基金Supported by College Students'Innovation and Enterpreneurship Training Program of Hainan Province(2017116)College Students' Innovation and Enterpreneurship Training Program of Hainan Medical University(HYCX2016073)Natural Science Foundation of China(31471555)
文摘Sugarcane smut greatly influences yield and quality of sugarcane.HAS1 gene in biocontrol strain HAS antagonistic to Sporisorium scitanminea was selected for prokaryotic expression vector construction and inducible expression,and the antagonistic effect of HAS1 protein was detected in vitro.The results showed that the expression product of antifungal HAS1 gene obtained through prokaryotic expression vector construction and inducible expression had better antagonistic effect against S.scitanminea.This study provides an experimental basis for further utilization of this protein.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation(31471555)National Key Research and Development Project(SQ2018YFD020024)
文摘[Objectives]The antifungal protein HAS1 newly obtained was evaluated for acute toxicity safety in KM mice according to relevant national regulations,so as to eliminate people s concerns about the safety of transgenic plants.[Methods]The acute toxicity of the purified protein HAS1 was observed by intragastric administration of mice,and the poisoning symptoms,poisoning degree,recovery and death were observed.[Results]No abnormal toxicity symptoms were observed in the test group,the vehicle control group and the blank control group.The main tissues and organs were not abnormal in gross anatomy.The average body weight of each group showed an increasing trend compared with before administration at 1,3,7,11 and 14 d after administration.It was found that after giving the purified protein HAS1 to KM mice at a cumulative dose of 64 mg/kg a day,no obvious toxicity was observed in the acute toxicity test,indicating that the test substance was non-toxic by oral administration.[Conclusions]This study provides a basis for further use of the protein and its coding genes.
基金Supported by"863"Program(2013AA102604-1)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(20163124)+1 种基金Basal Research Fund for Central Public-interest Scientific Institute(ITBB140503)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-20-2-5)
文摘Virus-free sugarcane seedlings have improved biomass and sucrose content compared with ordinary seedlings, and sucrose invertases are key enzymes regulating sugarcane growth and sucrose accumulation. In this study, the differences in the expression levels of 3 invertase genes, CWI, SAI and NI, between virus- free and ordinary sugarcane seedlings were analyzed. Compared with ordinary sugarcane plants, the expression of CWI was mainly up-regulated in immature leaves and stems at elongation stage and leaves and immature internodes at maturation stage, and especially, greatly up-regulated in immature interuedes at maturation stage of virus-free plants. The expression of SAI and NI were mainly up-regnlated in leaves and immature internedes of virus-free plants at maturation stage, which might be beneficial to sugar accumulation and rapid utilization of monosaccharide in the stalks of virus-free plants. It is further indicated that virus-free treatment could significantly improve the expression of sucrose invertases at late growth period, and might facilitate the increase of plant biomass.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(31471555)Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Nonprofit Research Institutes(1630052016010)The Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry(Sugar Crop Industry)Technology Research System(CARS-170301)
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to obtain actinomycetes strains having antagonistic effect on Ustilago scitaminea Syd.[Methods] At first, actinomycetes strains were isolated from 22 soil samples in Hainan sugarcane regions. Then, antagonistic actinomycetes against U. scitaminea were screened by confrontation culture. Finally, the taxonomic status of antagonistic actinomycetes was determined using 16S rDNA.[Results] From the 22 samples, 984 actinomycetes strains were isolated. From all the isolated strains, 23 antagonistic actinomycetes strains were obtained through primary screening, and one strains with better antagonistic effect was then obtained through secondary screening, and designated FAS. 16S rDNA identification showed that strain FAS shared 99% sequence similarity with Streptomyces cealestis US24. A phylogenetic tree was built with MAGE 7.0 software, and the results showed that strain FAS had the shortest genetic distance with S. caelestis US24. Therefore, the actinomycetes FAS was determined as S. caelestis .[Conclusions] This study provides a new biocontrol method for the biological control of sugarcane smut, thereby ensuring sustainable development of sugarcane industry and sugar industry.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(20163124)National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant(ITBB140503)Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31371687)
文摘Sugarcane is an important sugar and energy crop in tropical areas. Sucrose is the main product of photosynthesis and the end accumulation carbohydrate.The sucrose accumulation mechanism in sugarcane is typical in plants. We summarized the new progresses of molecular mechanisms on sucrose accumulation in sugarcane and the genetic improvements on sugar trait by genetic modification techniques. In addition,the developments of genetic modification techniques were also concluded.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation(31471555)National Key Research and Development Project(SQ2018YFD020024)
文摘The antifungal protein HAS1 is a new antifungal protein isolated from the genome of Bacillus subtilis HAS,which has a good inhibitory effect on various pathogenic fungi in sugarcane.This study aimed at evaluating the immunological transfer reaction of the test sample through repeated skin contact by observing whether the cavy skin repeatedly exposed to purified protein HAS1 suffers from allergic reaction and how strong is the allergic reaction.The results showed that the test group and the vehicle control group exhibited no allergic reaction in the skin immediately and at 24,48 and 72 h and had an mean reaction score and a sensitization rate both of 0,so the results of the naked eye observation were both nonallergenic to cavy skin;and in the positive control group,the cavies were observed to be highly sensitized immediately after removing the drug,mildly sensitized at 24 h,and not sensitized at 48 and 72 h,which meant the skin allergy was alleviated with the observation time.It is suggested that the purified protein HAS1 is negative for cavy skin anaphylaxis test(nonallergenic to cavy skin),which provides an experimental basis for further utilization of the protein and its coding gene.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(20158304)
文摘Antagonistic bacterium HJXI is a Bacillus subtilis strain isolated from field rhizasphere soil where banana wih was serious, with certain control efficacy on banana Fusarium wilt. The crude extract obtained from its fermentation broth after ammonium sulfate precipitation has an inhibitory effect on various pathogenic fungi. The culture conditions for this strain were optimized in this study with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ettbense as an indicator, and the results showed that the fermentation broth obtained from culture in LB liquid medium under 30 ℃ at 170 r/min for48 h had the strongest inhibition against F. oxysparum f. 8p. cubense. It was observed that the inhibition was mainly reflected by causing breakage and distortion of myeelia, followed by appearance of vesicles and swelling, ablation, and leakage of protoplasm. This study provides a scientific basis for the study on the action mechanism of crude protein from bacterial strain HJX1.
基金Supported by National High-tech R&D Program of China(863 Program)Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(20163124)Special Project of Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ITBB2015RC04 & ITBB2015ZY12)
文摘The sugarcane genome polyploidization can reduce the pressure of gene evolution selection,promote the fixation of fine traits,and increase the biomass and economic value of sugarcane.This paper mainly introduced the origin of the sugarcane genome,the chromosome composition,the research progress of polyploidization genetic mechanism,in the hope of providing theoretical reference for sugarcane polyploidization breeding.
基金Supported by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(321QN313,323MS103)Earmarked Fund for China Agricultural Research System(CARS-17).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to explore the occurrence and mixed infection of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease in Hainan sugarcane-growing area.[Methods]A total of 348 sugarcane leaf samples were collected from 7 sugarcane-growing areas in Hainan Province.Molecular detection of sugarcane bacilliform virus(SCBV)was carried out by PCR using specific primers.[Results]SCBV was detected in 244 out of 348 sugarcane samples,with an average detection rate of 70.11%.The highest detection rate was 76.66%in the Danzhou sugarcane-growing area,while the lowest was 57.14%in the Baisha sugarcane-growing area.The SCBV-positive samples were subjected to testing for SCYLV,SCSMV,SrMV,and SCMV,respectively.The results indicated that 106 out of 244 positive samples exhibited a single infection with SCBV,while 138 samples exhibited mixed infections with SCBV and other sugarcane viruses.The proportion of mixed infections among the SCBV-positive samples was as high as 56.56%.Among the various types of mixed infections,two-virus and three-virus mixed infections were the most prevalent.[Conclusions]SCBV has emerged as a significant threat to the secure production of sugarcane in the Hainan sugarcane-growing region.It presents an explosive infection in the Hainan sugarcane-growing region and frequently combines with other sugarcane viruses to infect sugarcane.The findings of this study will provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of sugarcane bacilliform virus disease.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(31471555)Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Nonprofit Research Institutes(1630052016010)The Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry(Sugar Crop Industry)Technology Research System(CARS-170301)
文摘Streptomyces caelestis FAS is an actinomyces strain isolated with Ustilago scitaminea as an indicator. With GAUZE s medium as the basic medium, carbon source and nitrogen source in the medium and ventilation volume were optimized, and the antifungal substances produced by S. caelestis FAS were preliminarily determined through organic solvent extraction and ammonium sulfate precipitation. The results showed that the antifungal components produced by S. caelestis FAS were proteins, and the optimal culture conditions were using corn flour as carbon source and KNO 3 as nitrogen source and culturing in 250 ml triangular flask added with 70 ml of culture medium. The crude protein obtained under these culture conditions had the best antifungal effect with an inhibition zone diameter of 25 mm. This study will provide a scientific basis for further study on the antifungal mechanism and application of S. caelestis FAS.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(31471555)Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Nonprofit Research Institutes(1630052016010)National Agro-Industry(Sugar Industry)Technology Research System(CARS-170301)
文摘Bacillus subtilis HAS is a biocontrol strain with better inhibitory effect on Sporisorium scitaminea Sydow. In order to further understand its action range,with fungal pathogens in sugarcane production as targets,confrontation tests and tests of inhibitory effect of secondary metabolites on growth of pathogens were carried out. The results showed that B. subtilis HAS not only had better inhibitory effect on S. Scitaminea,but also inhibited the growth of various fungal pathogens in sugarcane production. The inhibitory effect was the best on Ceratocystis adiposum,Thielaviopsis paradoxa,Fusarium moniliforme and Colletotrichum fuleatum,which was reflected by the radius of inhibitory zone over 10 mm. The inhibitory rates of the secondary metabolites were about 70%. It indicates that B. subtilis HAS has wide antifungal property,providing reference for further application of this strain.
