Dear Editor,In recent decades,vector-transmitted emerging and re-emerging diseases pose public health issues around the world,in which emerging tick-borne viruses(TBVs)have played a major role since they are widely di...Dear Editor,In recent decades,vector-transmitted emerging and re-emerging diseases pose public health issues around the world,in which emerging tick-borne viruses(TBVs)have played a major role since they are widely distributed.TBVs have a wide range of hosts,including humans,livestock and rodents,with some of them able to cause severe diseases in human and domestic animals,such as Jingmen tick virus(JMTV)(Qin et al.,2014),tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)(Xing et al.,2017),and Alongshan virus(ALSV)(Wang et al.,2019).Of the merging TBVs,JMTV is a novel pathogen that was first identified in Rhipicephalus microplus collected from the Jingmen city of Hubei province,China in 2010(Qin et al.,2014).展开更多
For a class of high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems with input hysteresis,an adaptive consensus output-feedback quantized control scheme with full state constraints is investigated.The major properties of the prop...For a class of high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems with input hysteresis,an adaptive consensus output-feedback quantized control scheme with full state constraints is investigated.The major properties of the proposed control scheme are:1)According to the different hysteresis input characteristics of each agent in the multi-agent system,a hysteresis quantization inverse compensator is designed to eliminate the influence of hysteresis characteristics on the system while ensuring that the quantized signal maintains the desired value.2)A barrier Lyapunov function is introduced for the first time in the hysteretic multi-agent system.By constructing state constraint control strategy for the hysteretic multi-agent system,it ensures that all the states of the system are always maintained within a predetermined range.3)The designed adaptive consensus output-feedback quantization control scheme allows the hysteretic system to have unknown parameters and unknown disturbance,and ensures that the input signal transmitted between agents is the quantization value,and the introduced quantizer is implemented under the condition that only its sector bound property is required.The stability analysis has proved that all signals of the closed-loop are semi-globally uniformly bounded.The Star Sim hardware-in-the-loop simulation certificates the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive quantized control scheme.展开更多
Rock bolts are widely employed as an effective and efficient reinforcement method in geotechnical engineering.Sandwich composite structures formed by hard rock and weak rock are often encountered in practical projects...Rock bolts are widely employed as an effective and efficient reinforcement method in geotechnical engineering.Sandwich composite structures formed by hard rock and weak rock are often encountered in practical projects.Furthermore,the spatial structure of the rock mass has a direct influence on the effect of the anchorage support.To investigate the impact of rock mass structure on the mechanical characteristics of anchorage interfaces,pull-out tests on reinforced specimens with different mudstone thicknesses and fracture dip angles are conducted.The experimental results indicate that the percentage of mudstone content and fracture dip angle have a significant influence on the pullout load of the samples.A weaker surrounding rock results in a lower peak load and a longer critical anchorage length,and vice versa.The results also show that 70%mudstone content can be considered a critical condition for impacting the peak load.Specifically,the percentage of mudstone content has a limited influence on the variation in the peak load when it exceeds 70%.Optical fiber deformation results show that compared to the rock mass with fracture dip angles of 0°and 60°,the rock mass with a fracture dip angle of 30°has a more uniformly distributed force at the anchorage interface.When the fracture dip angle exceeds 60°,the dip angle is no longer a key indicator of peak load.The accuracy of the experimentally obtained load-displacement curves is further verified although numerical simulation using the discrete element method.展开更多
Dear Editor,Canine distemper virus(CDV)is the causal agent of a highly contagious viral infectious disease that affects domestic and wild carnivores globally.It is an enveloped,non-segmented negative sense RNA virus t...Dear Editor,Canine distemper virus(CDV)is the causal agent of a highly contagious viral infectious disease that affects domestic and wild carnivores globally.It is an enveloped,non-segmented negative sense RNA virus that belongs to the Morbillivirus genus in Paramyxoviridae family,which contains viruses of epidemiological relevance to humans and animals.Based on the variability of the hemagglutinin gene(H),CDV strains have been at least 21 major genetic lineages:America-1 to America-5,Canada-1 and-2,Asia-1 to Asia-6,Europe wild-life,Arctic,Africa-1/South Africa,Africa-2,South America-1 to South America-3 and Rockborn-like(Giacinti et al.,2022).Mutations in the binding sites of the H protein,which interact with viral entry receptors such as signaling lymphocytic activation molecule(SLAM)and nectin-4,are associated with the emergence of the disease in new host species(Beineke et al.,2015).展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to explore the presence of type I pill （fimC gene） and P pill （papC gene） and identify the serotype of pathogenic E. coli isolated from chickens in the Jidong Area. [ Method] Type I p...[ Objective] This study aimed to explore the presence of type I pill （fimC gene） and P pill （papC gene） and identify the serotype of pathogenic E. coli isolated from chickens in the Jidong Area. [ Method] Type I pill （fimC gene） and P pill （papC gene） were detected by PCR. The serotype was identified by con- ventional agglutination test. [ Result ] The results showed that 100% of chicken-derived E. coil strains expressed type I pill （fimC gene） ; 39.1% （9/23） of chick- en-derived E. coli strains expressed P pill （papC gene）. In addition, 23 isolates of chicken-derived E. coil were assigned to 14 O serotypes, including O78, O93, O 45, O101, O38, O88, O24, O1, O163, O53, O15, O87, O34 and O29, among which O78 was the dominant serotype that accounted for 42.8% （6/14） of the total strain number. [ Conclusion] Chicken-derived E. coli strains in the Jidong Area belonged to 14 serotypes, and 078 was the dominant serotype; 83.3% of 078 serotvDe E. coli strains expressed both tvDe I Dill and P Dill.展开更多
Salmonella is a common genus of seriously harmful food-borne zoonotic bacteria. Humans and animals may be infected with Salmonella through ingestion of SalmoneUa-contaminated eggs and poultry meat. Therefore, in order...Salmonella is a common genus of seriously harmful food-borne zoonotic bacteria. Humans and animals may be infected with Salmonella through ingestion of SalmoneUa-contaminated eggs and poultry meat. Therefore, in order to reduce the incidence of Salmonella infections, it is crucial to explore the pathogenic mech- anism of Salmonella. invA and invE are major virulence factor genes that encode invasion proteins of Salmonella. In order to explore the pathogenic mechanism of Salmonella, phylogenetic analysis of major virulence factor genes in 33 Salmonella strains isolated from chicken was analyzed. According to the results, ivnA gene was successfully amplified from 33 Salmonella strains; ivnE gene was successfully amplified from 32 Salmonella strains, ivnA nucleotide sequences shared 72.9% - 97.6% homology among 12 sequenced Salmonella strains and shared 78.9% - 97.2% homology with those in GenBank ; ivnE nucleotide sequences shared over 95.3% homology among 23 sequenced Salmonella strains and shared 89.6% -98.6% homology with those in GenBank, which exhibited no genetic relationship to other organisms. This study provided the basis for rapid molecular detection, epidemiological research and molecular pathogenesis analysis of Salmonella.展开更多
Background Monkeypox(mpox)is an emerging zoonotic disease that has persistently impacted public health in endemic regions of West and Central Africa for over half a century.The Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC)rem...Background Monkeypox(mpox)is an emerging zoonotic disease that has persistently impacted public health in endemic regions of West and Central Africa for over half a century.The Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC)remains one of the countries most affected.Understanding the risk factors for disease transmission from a One Health perspective is of great importance in the risk assessment,prevention,and control of zoonotic diseases.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the risk factors for human mpox transmission at the human-animal-environment interface in the DRC.Methods Epidemiological,environmental,socioeconomic,and sociocultural data from the DRC from 2000 to 2015 were obtained from publicly available dataset.Using these data,we applied negative binomial regression model,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model,and principal component analysis(PCA)to identify key environmental,socioeconomic,and sociocultural factors contributing to mpox transmission.Moreover,a grey prediction model GM(1,n)was constructed to predict the epidemic trend of mpox post-2015 and validated using suspected mpox case data in the DRC from 2016 to 2021,sourced from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Results Between 2000 and 2021,a total of 43,628 suspected mpox cases were reported in the DRC,with a peak of 6216 cases in 2020.From 2016 to 2021,suspected cases accounted for over half(24,379/43,628,55.9%)of the total reported during the 2000-2021 period.The proportion of primary forest[incidence rate ratio(IRR):1.023,95%confidence interval(CI):1.018-1.027],index of economic well-being(IRR:1.046,95%CI:1.039-1.052),and mean annual precipitation(IRR 1.040,95%CI:1.031-1.049)were positively associated with mpox incidence.PCA identified five principal components,explaining 69%of the variance in the environmental,socioeconomic,and sociocultural variables.The first component was characterized by socioeconomic factors.The GM(1,n)model,based on the proportion of primary forest,index of economic well-being,and mean annual precipitation,predicted the epidemic trend(revealed relative error:2.69).Conclusions Both socioeconomic and environmental factors play important roles in mpox transmission.Our study further highlighted the importance of considering the interconnectedness among humans,animals,and the environment,and treating these factors as a whole to explain the transmission and emergence of mpox outbreaks in the DRC according to the One Health concept.展开更多
Osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)biofilms poses a major therapeutic challenge due to persistent infection and bone loss.Optimizing anti-infection and promoting bone repair are t...Osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)biofilms poses a major therapeutic challenge due to persistent infection and bone loss.Optimizing anti-infection and promoting bone repair are the main goals to improve the efficiency of osteomyelitis treatment.Herein,we present an ultrasound(US)-actived Cu-BTO@Gua composite piezoelectric sonosensitizer,created by conjugating guanidine(Gua)groups,a component that permeates the biofilm matrix,onto US-absorbing Cu-doped barium titanate(BTO).The guanidine groups demonstrate strong affinity for matrices abundant in negatively charged components,facilitating deeper biofilm penetration.Cu doping not only amplifies the piezoelectric effect,but also introduces abundant oxygen vacancies to suppress electron-hole pair recombination.Under US irradiation,the nanocomposite catalyzes the substrate to produce toxic ROS in the acidic infection microenvironment,while Cu depletes glutathione to aggravate oxidative stress,leading to bacterial toxin inactivation,biofilm disintegration,and bacterial death.Additionally,Cu-BTO@Gua promotes the polarization of M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB,which subsequently activates the transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β)signaling pathway to support osteogenesis.This dual-action approach offers a promising strategy for improving clinical outcomes of complex bone infections.展开更多
Bacterial infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens represent a growing burden for public health worldwide.Despite the urgent need for new antibiotics that effectively fight against pathogenic bacteria,very few com...Bacterial infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens represent a growing burden for public health worldwide.Despite the urgent need for new antibiotics that effectively fight against pathogenic bacteria,very few compounds are currently under development or approved in the clinical setting.Repurposing compounds for other uses offers a productive strategy for the development of new antibiotics.Here we report that the multifaceted melatonin effectively improves survival rates of mice and decreases bacterial loads in the lung during infection.Mechanistically,melatonin specifically inhibits the activity of citrate synthase of Gram-negative pathogens through directly binding to the R300,D363,and H265 sites,particularly for the notorious Pasteurella multocida.These findings highlight that usage of melatonin is a feasible and alternative therapy to tackle the increasing threat of Gram-negative pathogen infections via disrupting metabolic flux of bacteria.展开更多
Intestinal infectious diseases refer to the inflammatory changes in the intestinal tract caused by pathogens(including bacteria,viruses,fungi,protozoa,or parasites)or their toxic products.A large number of microorgani...Intestinal infectious diseases refer to the inflammatory changes in the intestinal tract caused by pathogens(including bacteria,viruses,fungi,protozoa,or parasites)or their toxic products.A large number of microorganisms colonize the intestinal tract of healthy people,which together with the intestinal epithelium constitute the biological barrier of the intestinal tract to resist infectious diseases.As an“invisible organ,”the intestinal flora is closely related to human nutrition metabolism and intestinal infections.A variety of intestinal flora participates in the nutritional metabolism of amino acids,and the small molecular substances produced by the amino acid metabolism through the intestinal flora can enhance intestinal immunity and resist bacterial infections.In turn,amino acids can also regulate the composition of the intestinal flora,maintain the steady-state of the intestinal flora,protect the intestinal barrier,and inhibit colonization by pathogenic bacteria.As a model animal with a clear microbial background,germ-free(GF)animals can clarify the mechanisms of interactions between intestinal microbes and amino acid metabolism in intestinal infections by combining genetic engineering technology and multi-omics studies.This article reviews related researches on the involvement of intestinal microbes in host amino acid metabolism and resistance to intestinal infections and discusses the advantages of GF animal models for studying the underlying mechanisms.The GF animal model is helpful to further study the intervention effects of amino acid metabolism of targeted intestinal flora on intestinal infections.展开更多
Corneal ulceration induced by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(S.pseudintermedius)is a common clinical eye disease.Antibiotics combined with corneoconjunctival transposition(CCT)or conjunctival autografts(CA)are often ...Corneal ulceration induced by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(S.pseudintermedius)is a common clinical eye disease.Antibiotics combined with corneoconjunctival transposition(CCT)or conjunctival autografts(CA)are often used,but the recovery characteristics are still unknown.In this experiment,canine corneal ulcer models induced by S.pseudintermedius and treated with levofloxacin eye drops(LED)were created.The models were used to compare the recovery characteristics of CCT and CA,combined with LED,by clinical observation,histopathology,and cytokine expression detected by qRT-PCR analysis.The results showed that the ulcerative cornea with only LED treatment perforated after 48 h.The mRNA expression of TLR2,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,and TNF-αgenes was significantly elevated on 14,28,and 35 days after the surgery compared to normal(p<0.01).On day 42,the inflammatory damage had resolved,but the corneal transparency and arrangement of collagen fibrils in the CCT group were higher than those in the CA group.The mRNA expression of EGF,FGF,TGF-β1 and VEGF genes increased significantly(p<0.01),mostly until day 42,proving that CCT and CA surgery contributed to the corneal recovery,and relieved the inflammatory reaction,with the elimination of corneal cicatrices needing a period of reconstruction.Therefore,this study has provided,for the first time,the method for establishing a canine corneal ulcer model induced by S.pseudintermedius.More importantly,the recovery of canine ulcerative corneas with CCT or CA surgery is reported for the first time.展开更多
基金supported by Wildlife Borne Infectious Diseases Monitoring Project of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration of China(2020076060)the National Key Research and Development Program of China to Changchun Tu(32130104).
文摘Dear Editor,In recent decades,vector-transmitted emerging and re-emerging diseases pose public health issues around the world,in which emerging tick-borne viruses(TBVs)have played a major role since they are widely distributed.TBVs have a wide range of hosts,including humans,livestock and rodents,with some of them able to cause severe diseases in human and domestic animals,such as Jingmen tick virus(JMTV)(Qin et al.,2014),tick-borne encephalitis virus(TBEV)(Xing et al.,2017),and Alongshan virus(ALSV)(Wang et al.,2019).Of the merging TBVs,JMTV is a novel pathogen that was first identified in Rhipicephalus microplus collected from the Jingmen city of Hubei province,China in 2010(Qin et al.,2014).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61673101,61973131,61733006,U1813201)the Science and Technology Project of Jilin Province(20210509053RQ)the Fourteenth Five Year Science Research Plan of Jilin Province(JJKH20220115KJ)。
文摘For a class of high-order nonlinear multi-agent systems with input hysteresis,an adaptive consensus output-feedback quantized control scheme with full state constraints is investigated.The major properties of the proposed control scheme are:1)According to the different hysteresis input characteristics of each agent in the multi-agent system,a hysteresis quantization inverse compensator is designed to eliminate the influence of hysteresis characteristics on the system while ensuring that the quantized signal maintains the desired value.2)A barrier Lyapunov function is introduced for the first time in the hysteretic multi-agent system.By constructing state constraint control strategy for the hysteretic multi-agent system,it ensures that all the states of the system are always maintained within a predetermined range.3)The designed adaptive consensus output-feedback quantization control scheme allows the hysteretic system to have unknown parameters and unknown disturbance,and ensures that the input signal transmitted between agents is the quantization value,and the introduced quantizer is implemented under the condition that only its sector bound property is required.The stability analysis has proved that all signals of the closed-loop are semi-globally uniformly bounded.The Star Sim hardware-in-the-loop simulation certificates the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive quantized control scheme.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42090054,41922055 and 41931295)the Research Project of China Three Gorges Corporation(No.2019073)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Huadong Construction Engineering Co.,Ltd.(No.KY2019-HDJS-07)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province of China(No.2022CFA002)。
文摘Rock bolts are widely employed as an effective and efficient reinforcement method in geotechnical engineering.Sandwich composite structures formed by hard rock and weak rock are often encountered in practical projects.Furthermore,the spatial structure of the rock mass has a direct influence on the effect of the anchorage support.To investigate the impact of rock mass structure on the mechanical characteristics of anchorage interfaces,pull-out tests on reinforced specimens with different mudstone thicknesses and fracture dip angles are conducted.The experimental results indicate that the percentage of mudstone content and fracture dip angle have a significant influence on the pullout load of the samples.A weaker surrounding rock results in a lower peak load and a longer critical anchorage length,and vice versa.The results also show that 70%mudstone content can be considered a critical condition for impacting the peak load.Specifically,the percentage of mudstone content has a limited influence on the variation in the peak load when it exceeds 70%.Optical fiber deformation results show that compared to the rock mass with fracture dip angles of 0°and 60°,the rock mass with a fracture dip angle of 30°has a more uniformly distributed force at the anchorage interface.When the fracture dip angle exceeds 60°,the dip angle is no longer a key indicator of peak load.The accuracy of the experimentally obtained load-displacement curves is further verified although numerical simulation using the discrete element method.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Zhongzhong Tu(31902307)the National Key Research and Development Program of China to Changchun Tu and Na Feng(2017YFD0500104 and 2023YFF1305400)the Wildlife Borne Infectious Diseases Monitoring Project of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration of China.
文摘Dear Editor,Canine distemper virus(CDV)is the causal agent of a highly contagious viral infectious disease that affects domestic and wild carnivores globally.It is an enveloped,non-segmented negative sense RNA virus that belongs to the Morbillivirus genus in Paramyxoviridae family,which contains viruses of epidemiological relevance to humans and animals.Based on the variability of the hemagglutinin gene(H),CDV strains have been at least 21 major genetic lineages:America-1 to America-5,Canada-1 and-2,Asia-1 to Asia-6,Europe wild-life,Arctic,Africa-1/South Africa,Africa-2,South America-1 to South America-3 and Rockborn-like(Giacinti et al.,2022).Mutations in the binding sites of the H protein,which interact with viral entry receptors such as signaling lymphocytic activation molecule(SLAM)and nectin-4,are associated with the emergence of the disease in new host species(Beineke et al.,2015).
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31072136)Agricultural Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2012GB2A200044)Project of Shijiazhuang Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(11150093A)
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to explore the presence of type I pill （fimC gene） and P pill （papC gene） and identify the serotype of pathogenic E. coli isolated from chickens in the Jidong Area. [ Method] Type I pill （fimC gene） and P pill （papC gene） were detected by PCR. The serotype was identified by con- ventional agglutination test. [ Result ] The results showed that 100% of chicken-derived E. coil strains expressed type I pill （fimC gene） ; 39.1% （9/23） of chick- en-derived E. coli strains expressed P pill （papC gene）. In addition, 23 isolates of chicken-derived E. coil were assigned to 14 O serotypes, including O78, O93, O 45, O101, O38, O88, O24, O1, O163, O53, O15, O87, O34 and O29, among which O78 was the dominant serotype that accounted for 42.8% （6/14） of the total strain number. [ Conclusion] Chicken-derived E. coli strains in the Jidong Area belonged to 14 serotypes, and 078 was the dominant serotype; 83.3% of 078 serotvDe E. coli strains expressed both tvDe I Dill and P Dill.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31270171)Agricultural Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2012GB2A200044)Project of Shijiazhuang Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(11150093A)
文摘Salmonella is a common genus of seriously harmful food-borne zoonotic bacteria. Humans and animals may be infected with Salmonella through ingestion of SalmoneUa-contaminated eggs and poultry meat. Therefore, in order to reduce the incidence of Salmonella infections, it is crucial to explore the pathogenic mech- anism of Salmonella. invA and invE are major virulence factor genes that encode invasion proteins of Salmonella. In order to explore the pathogenic mechanism of Salmonella, phylogenetic analysis of major virulence factor genes in 33 Salmonella strains isolated from chicken was analyzed. According to the results, ivnA gene was successfully amplified from 33 Salmonella strains; ivnE gene was successfully amplified from 32 Salmonella strains, ivnA nucleotide sequences shared 72.9% - 97.6% homology among 12 sequenced Salmonella strains and shared 78.9% - 97.2% homology with those in GenBank ; ivnE nucleotide sequences shared over 95.3% homology among 23 sequenced Salmonella strains and shared 89.6% -98.6% homology with those in GenBank, which exhibited no genetic relationship to other organisms. This study provided the basis for rapid molecular detection, epidemiological research and molecular pathogenesis analysis of Salmonella.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72374178)International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72481220010)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(71904165)the Open Project Program of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis(R2208)the Open Project Program of International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(01)the Open Project Program of National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology(wk023-007).
文摘Background Monkeypox(mpox)is an emerging zoonotic disease that has persistently impacted public health in endemic regions of West and Central Africa for over half a century.The Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC)remains one of the countries most affected.Understanding the risk factors for disease transmission from a One Health perspective is of great importance in the risk assessment,prevention,and control of zoonotic diseases.Therefore,this study aimed to investigate the risk factors for human mpox transmission at the human-animal-environment interface in the DRC.Methods Epidemiological,environmental,socioeconomic,and sociocultural data from the DRC from 2000 to 2015 were obtained from publicly available dataset.Using these data,we applied negative binomial regression model,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model,and principal component analysis(PCA)to identify key environmental,socioeconomic,and sociocultural factors contributing to mpox transmission.Moreover,a grey prediction model GM(1,n)was constructed to predict the epidemic trend of mpox post-2015 and validated using suspected mpox case data in the DRC from 2016 to 2021,sourced from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Results Between 2000 and 2021,a total of 43,628 suspected mpox cases were reported in the DRC,with a peak of 6216 cases in 2020.From 2016 to 2021,suspected cases accounted for over half(24,379/43,628,55.9%)of the total reported during the 2000-2021 period.The proportion of primary forest[incidence rate ratio(IRR):1.023,95%confidence interval(CI):1.018-1.027],index of economic well-being(IRR:1.046,95%CI:1.039-1.052),and mean annual precipitation(IRR 1.040,95%CI:1.031-1.049)were positively associated with mpox incidence.PCA identified five principal components,explaining 69%of the variance in the environmental,socioeconomic,and sociocultural variables.The first component was characterized by socioeconomic factors.The GM(1,n)model,based on the proportion of primary forest,index of economic well-being,and mean annual precipitation,predicted the epidemic trend(revealed relative error:2.69).Conclusions Both socioeconomic and environmental factors play important roles in mpox transmission.Our study further highlighted the importance of considering the interconnectedness among humans,animals,and the environment,and treating these factors as a whole to explain the transmission and emergence of mpox outbreaks in the DRC according to the One Health concept.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82302720 to Y.Wu,82125023to H.Xie,82272508 to J-Y Tang,82272562 to Z-X Wang)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M733964 to Y.Wu,2023M733946 to X.Chen)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2023JJ40997 to Y.Wu).
文摘Osteomyelitis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)biofilms poses a major therapeutic challenge due to persistent infection and bone loss.Optimizing anti-infection and promoting bone repair are the main goals to improve the efficiency of osteomyelitis treatment.Herein,we present an ultrasound(US)-actived Cu-BTO@Gua composite piezoelectric sonosensitizer,created by conjugating guanidine(Gua)groups,a component that permeates the biofilm matrix,onto US-absorbing Cu-doped barium titanate(BTO).The guanidine groups demonstrate strong affinity for matrices abundant in negatively charged components,facilitating deeper biofilm penetration.Cu doping not only amplifies the piezoelectric effect,but also introduces abundant oxygen vacancies to suppress electron-hole pair recombination.Under US irradiation,the nanocomposite catalyzes the substrate to produce toxic ROS in the acidic infection microenvironment,while Cu depletes glutathione to aggravate oxidative stress,leading to bacterial toxin inactivation,biofilm disintegration,and bacterial death.Additionally,Cu-BTO@Gua promotes the polarization of M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB,which subsequently activates the transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β)signaling pathway to support osteogenesis.This dual-action approach offers a promising strategy for improving clinical outcomes of complex bone infections.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Beef/Yak Cattle,CARS-37)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31922079,31872365 and 31790411)Chongqing Science&Technology Commission(cstc2017shmszdyfx0036,cstc2017jcyjAX0288)。
文摘Bacterial infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens represent a growing burden for public health worldwide.Despite the urgent need for new antibiotics that effectively fight against pathogenic bacteria,very few compounds are currently under development or approved in the clinical setting.Repurposing compounds for other uses offers a productive strategy for the development of new antibiotics.Here we report that the multifaceted melatonin effectively improves survival rates of mice and decreases bacterial loads in the lung during infection.Mechanistically,melatonin specifically inhibits the activity of citrate synthase of Gram-negative pathogens through directly binding to the R300,D363,and H265 sites,particularly for the notorious Pasteurella multocida.These findings highlight that usage of melatonin is a feasible and alternative therapy to tackle the increasing threat of Gram-negative pathogen infections via disrupting metabolic flux of bacteria.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81873098 and 81770434)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC2000504).
文摘Intestinal infectious diseases refer to the inflammatory changes in the intestinal tract caused by pathogens(including bacteria,viruses,fungi,protozoa,or parasites)or their toxic products.A large number of microorganisms colonize the intestinal tract of healthy people,which together with the intestinal epithelium constitute the biological barrier of the intestinal tract to resist infectious diseases.As an“invisible organ,”the intestinal flora is closely related to human nutrition metabolism and intestinal infections.A variety of intestinal flora participates in the nutritional metabolism of amino acids,and the small molecular substances produced by the amino acid metabolism through the intestinal flora can enhance intestinal immunity and resist bacterial infections.In turn,amino acids can also regulate the composition of the intestinal flora,maintain the steady-state of the intestinal flora,protect the intestinal barrier,and inhibit colonization by pathogenic bacteria.As a model animal with a clear microbial background,germ-free(GF)animals can clarify the mechanisms of interactions between intestinal microbes and amino acid metabolism in intestinal infections by combining genetic engineering technology and multi-omics studies.This article reviews related researches on the involvement of intestinal microbes in host amino acid metabolism and resistance to intestinal infections and discusses the advantages of GF animal models for studying the underlying mechanisms.The GF animal model is helpful to further study the intervention effects of amino acid metabolism of targeted intestinal flora on intestinal infections.
基金supported financially by 333 High-level Talent Training Project of Jiangsu Province(CN),the Jiangsu Postgraduate Research and Innovation Plan(KYCX21_3273)the 111 Project D18007,Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution(PAPD),and Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(TAPP).
文摘Corneal ulceration induced by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius(S.pseudintermedius)is a common clinical eye disease.Antibiotics combined with corneoconjunctival transposition(CCT)or conjunctival autografts(CA)are often used,but the recovery characteristics are still unknown.In this experiment,canine corneal ulcer models induced by S.pseudintermedius and treated with levofloxacin eye drops(LED)were created.The models were used to compare the recovery characteristics of CCT and CA,combined with LED,by clinical observation,histopathology,and cytokine expression detected by qRT-PCR analysis.The results showed that the ulcerative cornea with only LED treatment perforated after 48 h.The mRNA expression of TLR2,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,and TNF-αgenes was significantly elevated on 14,28,and 35 days after the surgery compared to normal(p<0.01).On day 42,the inflammatory damage had resolved,but the corneal transparency and arrangement of collagen fibrils in the CCT group were higher than those in the CA group.The mRNA expression of EGF,FGF,TGF-β1 and VEGF genes increased significantly(p<0.01),mostly until day 42,proving that CCT and CA surgery contributed to the corneal recovery,and relieved the inflammatory reaction,with the elimination of corneal cicatrices needing a period of reconstruction.Therefore,this study has provided,for the first time,the method for establishing a canine corneal ulcer model induced by S.pseudintermedius.More importantly,the recovery of canine ulcerative corneas with CCT or CA surgery is reported for the first time.
