To develop an objective standard for defining binary tropical cyclones(BTCs)in the western North Pacific(WNP),two best-track datasets,from the China Meteorological Administration and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center,w...To develop an objective standard for defining binary tropical cyclones(BTCs)in the western North Pacific(WNP),two best-track datasets,from the China Meteorological Administration and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center,were adopted for statistical analyses on two important characteristics of BTCs-two TCs approaching each other,and counterclockwise spinning.Based on the high consistency between the two datasets,we established an objective standard,which includes a main standard for defining BTCs and a secondary standard for identifying typical/atypical BTCs.The main standard includes two requirements:two coexisting TCs are a pair of BTCs if(i)the separation distance is≤1800 km,and(ii)this separation maintains for at least 12 h.Meanwhile,the secondary standard defines a typical BTC as one for which there is at least one observation when the two TCs approach each other and spin counterclockwise simultaneously.Under the standard,the ratio of typical BTCs increases as the BTC duration increases or the minimum distance between the two TCs decreases.Then,using the JTWC dataset,it was found that there are 505 pairs of BTCs during the period 1951−2014,including 328 typical BTCs and 177 atypical BTCs,accounting for 65.0%and 35.0%of the total,respectively.In addition,a study of two extreme phenomena-the maximum approaching speed and the maximum counterclockwise angular velocity in typical BTCs-shows that the configuration of the circulation conditions and the distribution of the BTCs favor the formation of these extreme phenomena.展开更多
Developing efficient photosensitizers for C-P bond construction is highly important and remains a challenge due to the urgently needed for the synthesis of modified nucleosides,nucleotides,and other phosphine-containi...Developing efficient photosensitizers for C-P bond construction is highly important and remains a challenge due to the urgently needed for the synthesis of modified nucleosides,nucleotides,and other phosphine-containing ligands.Herein,two pyrene-tethered bismoviologen derivatives(Py-BiV^(2+))were designed and synthesized for visible-light-induced C-P bonds formation.The photochemical and electrochemical properties of Py-BiV^(2+)were studied systemically,certifying fine-tunable opto-electronic properties through the number of pyrene groups(4,n=1;6,n=2).The prepared Py-BiV^(2+)showed strong light absorption,while retaining good redox features and chromic response features that were inherent to viologens.4 exhibited accelerated photoinduced electron transfer in the presence of the electron donor(pyrene)and the generated 4(radical cation)showed higher stability.Accordingly,Py-BiV^(2+)directly served as photosensitizers for the first time in the visible-light-induced C(sp^(3))-P and C(sp^(2))-P bonds formation.As expected,these novel viologen derivatives exhibited good catalytic performance and good substrate expansibility under ambient conditions.展开更多
In this study,a series of arylene-bridged bis(benzimidazolium)triflates 1^(–)6^(^(2+))·2[OTf^(–)]were synthesized by grafting differentπ-linkers with benzimidazolium scaffolds.Among them,compound 1^(2+)·2...In this study,a series of arylene-bridged bis(benzimidazolium)triflates 1^(–)6^(^(2+))·2[OTf^(–)]were synthesized by grafting differentπ-linkers with benzimidazolium scaffolds.Among them,compound 1^(2+)·2[OTf^(–)]with anthracene as the linker exhibited remarkable electron transfer capabilities across four distinct redox states.The inclusion of an anthracene unit as theπ-linker contributes to its exceptional redox and optoelectronic characteristics.Consequently,1^(2+)·2[OTf^(–)]was successfully utilized as both an electrochromic molecule in an ECD under applied voltage for the first time,and a highly efficient photocatalyst for the formation of carbon–phosphorus bonds via visible-light-induced cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions.展开更多
Cardiac substrate utilization remains a critical focus for the research community.1 Research has acknowledged the role of metabolic flexibility in the development and progression of cardiac dysfunction during a variet...Cardiac substrate utilization remains a critical focus for the research community.1 Research has acknowledged the role of metabolic flexibility in the development and progression of cardiac dysfunction during a variety of diseases and conditions.2,3 Under resting basal conditions,the heart relies on fatty acid metabolism as the primary energy source with glucose,lactate,ketone bodies,pyruvate,acetate,and branched-chain amino acids contributing as substrates depending on substrate availability,hormonal status,and myocardial conditioning.4 In addition to pathological states,physiological states,such as acute exercise,induce dynamic changes in substrate metabolism,including nearly a 10-fold increase in myocardial oxygen consumption.3,5 To meet the increased demand for energy during and after a bout of exercise,the heart muscle must exhibit metabolic flexibility and selectively utilize different substrates for adenosine triphosphate production.Moreover,metabolic substrate adaptations depend on the frequency,intensity,duration,and mode of exercise while multiple metabolic fluxes,such as the use,storage and mobilization of substrates must be coordinated to maintain energy homeostasis.1,2 Although many different processes of exercise-induced regulation and metabolic remodeling have been identified,35 the effect of exercise on cellular metabolism and the landscape of metabolic pathway regulation in response to both acute exercise and chronic exercise training remain unclear.展开更多
According to the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), the Klein-Gordon equation is corrected by the quantum gravity exactly. Hence, the corrected Klein-Gordon equation will be more precise on the expression of the...According to the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), the Klein-Gordon equation is corrected by the quantum gravity exactly. Hence, the corrected Klein-Gordon equation will be more precise on the expression of the tunneling behavior. Then, the corrected Hawking temperature of the Gibbons-Maeda-Dilaton black hole is obtained near the horizon by quantum gravity. Analyzing the results carefully, it is obvious for us that the tunneling result is not only related to the mass of black hole, but also related to the mass and energy of outgoing fermions. Finally, we also infer that the tunneling radiation would be stopped at some particular temperature.展开更多
Based on the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), the researchers find that the quantum gravity affects the Klein-Gordon equation exactly. Hence, the Klein-Gordon equation which is corrected by GUP will be more su...Based on the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), the researchers find that the quantum gravity affects the Klein-Gordon equation exactly. Hence, the Klein-Gordon equation which is corrected by GUP will be more suitable on the expression of the tunneling behavior. Then, the corrected Hawking temperature of the GHS black hole is obtained. After analyzing this result, we find out that the Hawking temperature is not only related to the mass of black hole, but also related to the mass and energy of outgoing fermions. Finally, we infer that the Hawking radiation will be stopped, and the remnants of black holes exist naturally.展开更多
Exercise training is beneficial to the cardiovascular system. MicroRNAs （miRNAs, miRs） are a class of conserved non-coding RNAs and play a wide-ranging role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Exercise ...Exercise training is beneficial to the cardiovascular system. MicroRNAs （miRNAs, miRs） are a class of conserved non-coding RNAs and play a wide-ranging role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Exercise training alters the expression levels of large amounts ofmiRNAs in the heart. In addition, circulating miRNAs appear to be regulated by exercise training. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the regulation of miRNAs during physical exercise intervention in various cardiovascular diseases, including pathologic cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. The regulatory role of circulating miRNAs after exercise training was also reviewed. In conclusion, miRNAs might be a valuable target for treatment of cardiovascular diseases and have great potential as biomarkers for assessment of physical performance.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.展开更多
Background:Exercise induces molecular changes that involve multiple organs and tissues.Moreover,these changes are modulated by various exercise parameters—such as intensity,frequency,mode,and duration—as well as by ...Background:Exercise induces molecular changes that involve multiple organs and tissues.Moreover,these changes are modulated by various exercise parameters—such as intensity,frequency,mode,and duration—as well as by clinical features like gender,age,and body mass index(BMI),each eliciting distinct biological effects.To assist exercise researchers in understanding these changes from a comprehensive perspective that includes multiple organs,diverse exercise regimens,and a range of clinical features,we developed Exercise Regulated Genes Database(ExerGeneDB),a database of exercise-regulated differential genes.Methods:ExerGeneDB aggregated publicly available exercise-related sequencing datasets and subjected them to uniform quality control and preprocessing.The data,encompassing a variety of types,were organized into a specialized database of exercise-regulated genes.Notably,Exer-GeneDB conducted differential analyses on this collected data,leveraging curated clinical information and accounting for important factors such as gender,age,and BMI.Results:ExerGeneDB has assembled 1692 samples from rats and mice as well as 4492 human samples.It contains data from various tissues and organs,such as skeletal muscle,blood,adipose tissue,intestine,heart,liver,spleen,lungs,kidneys,brain,spinal cord,bone marrow,and bones.ExerGeneDB features bulk ribonucleic acid sequencing(RNA-seq)(including non-coding RNA(ncRNA)and protein-coding RNA),microarray(including ncRNA and protein-coding RNA),and single cell RNA-seq data.Conclusion:ExerGeneDB compiles and re-analyzes exercise-related data with a focus on clinical information.This has culminated in the crea-tion of an interactive database for exercise regulation genes.The website for ExerGeneDB can be found at:https://exergenedb.com.展开更多
Ophiocordyceps sinensis(OS)has a variety of pharmacological effects and has been widely used as tonic food and medicine for hundreds of years.Among them,the OS of Yushu in Qinghai and Naqu in Xizang are considered to ...Ophiocordyceps sinensis(OS)has a variety of pharmacological effects and has been widely used as tonic food and medicine for hundreds of years.Among them,the OS of Yushu in Qinghai and Naqu in Xizang are considered to be of high quality.However,a lack of evidence on the difference in metabolites between OS from two typical growing regions.We compared the metabolomes of OS from Qinghai and Xizang through a comparative metabolomics approach based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry.A total of 646 metabolites were identified from the OS of two typical growing regions,and there were no differences in the types of metabolites of OS in different regions,but in the differences in contents.Among the 85 metabolites screened with significant differences,cyclic peptides had a high content in Xizang group,while nucleotides,organic acids and their derivatives and lipids had a high content in Qinghai group.Metabolic pathways analysis of differential metabolites revealed that“vancomycin resistance”,“tryptophan metabolism”,“serotonergic synapse”,“phenylalanine metabolism”,“neomycin,kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis”,and“insulin resistance”were the main enrichment pathways.These findings provide an insight into the differential metabolic profiling and metabolic pathways of OS from two typical growing regions.展开更多
由特殊喇叭口地形促成的四川雅安暴雨久已有名,研究颇多,而这一地区的暖区暴雨、夜发性暴雨的研究在业务预报和防灾减灾迫切需求的推动下也应加强。利用ERA5再分析资料,结合地面加密观测资料及中国气象局信息中心提供的三源融合近实时...由特殊喇叭口地形促成的四川雅安暴雨久已有名,研究颇多,而这一地区的暖区暴雨、夜发性暴雨的研究在业务预报和防灾减灾迫切需求的推动下也应加强。利用ERA5再分析资料,结合地面加密观测资料及中国气象局信息中心提供的三源融合近实时降水资料,对造成2020年8月10日四川雅安芦山的特大暴雨过程的动热力结构演变、触发机制和地形影响进行了诊断分析,揭示了弱天气尺度强迫及特殊地形影响背景下暖区暴雨的水汽、动热力结构演变及触发机制。研究得出:(1)此例暴雨属于500 h Pa无明显影响系统、低层无急流背景下的东南风型暖区暴雨。在雅安“迎风坡”、“喇叭口”地形和芦山西南向“?”型峡谷地形的影响下,配合西太副高西进、东南暖湿气流加强和850 h Pa弱低涡辐合气流的共同作用而诱发产生,此次降水时间短,强度大。(2)降水开始到强盛期间,始终有边界层地形作用产生的抬升速度、气旋式涡度和水平辐合与系统性垂直上升运动、涡度和散度叠加,增强了低层辐合,加剧了垂直上升运动,促使降水加强。(3)差动θ平流使得暴雨区对流不稳定度增强。对流抑制能量为零的高能高湿环境中,500 h Paθ弱冷平流也是暖区暴雨触发的因素之一;傍晚地形冷平流触发了初始对流并沿海拔高度1500米地形线分布;暴雨区上游强降水造成雷暴冷池出流叠加山风在“?”型峡谷西侧形成γ中尺度辐合线,并移至“?”型谷地内维持;冷性气流在快速下山后亦以冷池形式维持在“?”型峡谷东侧山脉附近,形成强温度梯度,这些因素触发并维持了芦山夜间特大暴雨。展开更多
Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health.Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative an...Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health.Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases.It is well-documented that exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal,tissue,cellular,and molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that consequently protect against various pathological conditions.Here we mainly summarize how moderate-intensity exercise affects the major hallmarks of health,including the integrity of barriers,containment of local perturbations,recycling and turnover,integration of circuitries,rhythmic oscillations,homeostatic resilience,hormetic regulation,as well as repair and regeneration.Furthermore,we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for beneficial adaptations in response to exercise.This review aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the vital biological mechanisms through which moderate-intensity exercise maintains health and opens a window for its application in other health interventions.We hope that continuing investigation in this field will further increase our understanding of the processes involved in the positive role of moderate-intensity exercise and thus get us closer to the identification of new therapeutics that improve quality of life.展开更多
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of human death worldwide. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway,which is a highly conserved cellular degradation process in which lysosomes decompose ...Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of human death worldwide. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway,which is a highly conserved cellular degradation process in which lysosomes decompose their own organelles and recycle the resulting macromolecules.Autophagy is critical in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and function, and excessive or insufficient autophagy or autophagic flux can lead to cardiovascular disease. Enormous evidence indicates that exercise training plays a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The regulation of autophagy during exercise is a bidirectional process. For cardiovascular disease caused by either insufficient or excessive autophagy, exercise training restores normal autophagy function and delays the progression of cardiovascular disease.An in-depth exploration and discussion of exercise-mediated regulation of autophagy in the cardiovascular system can broaden our view about the prevention of various autophagy-related diseases through exercise training. In this article, we review autophagy and its related signaling pathways,as well as autophagy-dependent beneficial effects of exercise in cardiovascular system.展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs), novel luminescent zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, have been widely applied due to their low toxicity, optimal optical properties, and easy modification. However, the current controllable equip...Carbon dots(CDs), novel luminescent zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, have been widely applied due to their low toxicity, optimal optical properties, and easy modification. However, the current controllable equipment and mechanism explanation of CDs are relatively vague and require urgent resolution.Full-color emission CDs, an essential CDs category, have attracted people’s attention given their light and color-tunable properties. In addition to a wider range of biological and optoelectronic device applications, full-color emission CDs have similar structures and significantly affected the fluorescence mechanism of CDs. At present, few studies have reported on the summary research of CDs emitted by its full color, which greatly limits the development of CDs mechanisms and applications. As such, the present review detailed the full-color CDs development status, to which a suitable method for preparing full-color CDs was presented and the existing fluorescence emission mechanism of full-color CDs was summarized.Herein, we comprehensively introduced full-color CDs applications in biology and optoelectronics. Finally,we made an outlook on the development and potential applications of full-color CDs. The present review aims to contribute novel insights and methods for understanding full-color CDs.展开更多
Tropical cyclone(TC)precipitation(TCP)has attracted considerable attention in recent decades because of its adverse socioeconomic impacts.In particular,considerable effort has been devoted to quantifying TCP and inves...Tropical cyclone(TC)precipitation(TCP)has attracted considerable attention in recent decades because of its adverse socioeconomic impacts.In particular,considerable effort has been devoted to quantifying TCP and investigating the precipitation of TCs that make landfall.However,precipitation over land induced by TCs that do not make landfall(i.e.,offshore),the so-called"sideswiping"TCs(STCs),is an important component of TCP but has attracted little attention from the research community to date.Here,best-track and daily precipitation data from the China Meteorological Administration during the 59 years of 1960-2018 are used to study STC precipitation(STP).Results show that:(i)the annual number of STCs fluctuates significantly from 3 to 17,with a mean frequency of 8.8 STCs per year;(ii)there are decreasing trends in STC frequency and STP amount over the past 59 years;(iii)both STC frequency and STP are high from July to October,with maxima in August;(iv)the distribution of STP,covering most of China’s coastal regions,is dominated by intense STCs,and the annual STP decreases from southeast coastal regions to northwest inland areas,with a maximum value over the islands of Taiwan and Hainan;and(v)extreme STP events could appear not only over the island and coastal areas,but also over inland areas such as Zhumadian of Henan Province due to the influences of local orography and favorable largescale forcing.展开更多
As is well known,titanium alloy precipitates when subjected to aging treatment,which poses great influence on its mechanical properties.Thus,solution and solution-aging treatments were conducted in this work,and the w...As is well known,titanium alloy precipitates when subjected to aging treatment,which poses great influence on its mechanical properties.Thus,solution and solution-aging treatments were conducted in this work,and the wear performance was investigated under diff erent normal loads.The results showed that acicularα′martensite in the original selective laser melted Ti–6 Al–4 V was decomposed intoα+βphases after the solution treatment,and then Ti;Al nanoparticles clusters were further formed in theα-matrix after the solution-aging treatment.The coefficient of friction decreased straightly as the normal load was increased from 20 to 100 N,and the wear mechanisms were characterized by abrasion,adhesive and oxidative wears.The wear rate of solution and solution-aging treated samples increased significantly comparing to the as-built counterpart,but the increment of the solution-aging treated sample was smaller than that of the solution-only treated sample,because of the Ti;Al precipitation in the solution-aging treated sample.These particles provided ball-like effect,reduced material losses and stabilized the wear process.All these factors contributed to the improvement in wear properties of the parts made by selective laser melting.展开更多
In earlier studies,objective techniques have been used to determine the contribution of tropical cyclones to precipitation(TCP)in a region,where the Tropical cyclone Precipitation Event(TPE)and the Regional Heavy Prec...In earlier studies,objective techniques have been used to determine the contribution of tropical cyclones to precipitation(TCP)in a region,where the Tropical cyclone Precipitation Event(TPE)and the Regional Heavy Precipitation Events(RHPEs)are defined and investigated.In this study,TPE and RHPEs are combined to determine the Typhoon Regional Heavy Precipitation Events(TRHPEs),which is employed to evaluate the contribution of tropical cyclones to regional extreme precipitation events.Based on the Objective Identification Technique for Regional Extreme Events(OITREE)and the Objective Synoptic Analysis Technique(OSAT)to define TPE,temporal and spatial overlap indices are developed to identify the combined events as TRHPE.With daily precipitation data and TC best-track data over the western North Pacific from 1960 to 2018,86 TRHPEs have been identified.TRHPEs contribute as much as 20%of the RHPEs,but100%of events with extreme individual precipitation intensities.The major TRHPEs continued for approximately a week after tropical cyclone landfall,indicating a role of post landfall precipitation.The frequency and extreme intensity of TRHPEs display increasing trends,consistent with an observed positive trend in the mean intensity of TPEs as measured by the number of daily station precipitation observations exceeding 100 mm and 250 mm.More frequent landfalling Southeast and South China TCs induced more serious impacts in coastal areas in the Southeast and the South during 1990-2018 than1960-89.The roles of cyclone translation speed and"shifts"in cyclone tracks are examined as possible explanations for the temporal trends.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41675042)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change.
文摘To develop an objective standard for defining binary tropical cyclones(BTCs)in the western North Pacific(WNP),two best-track datasets,from the China Meteorological Administration and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center,were adopted for statistical analyses on two important characteristics of BTCs-two TCs approaching each other,and counterclockwise spinning.Based on the high consistency between the two datasets,we established an objective standard,which includes a main standard for defining BTCs and a secondary standard for identifying typical/atypical BTCs.The main standard includes two requirements:two coexisting TCs are a pair of BTCs if(i)the separation distance is≤1800 km,and(ii)this separation maintains for at least 12 h.Meanwhile,the secondary standard defines a typical BTC as one for which there is at least one observation when the two TCs approach each other and spin counterclockwise simultaneously.Under the standard,the ratio of typical BTCs increases as the BTC duration increases or the minimum distance between the two TCs decreases.Then,using the JTWC dataset,it was found that there are 505 pairs of BTCs during the period 1951−2014,including 328 typical BTCs and 177 atypical BTCs,accounting for 65.0%and 35.0%of the total,respectively.In addition,a study of two extreme phenomena-the maximum approaching speed and the maximum counterclockwise angular velocity in typical BTCs-shows that the configuration of the circulation conditions and the distribution of the BTCs favor the formation of these extreme phenomena.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22175138,21875180)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(No.2021GXLH-Z023)the Independent Innovation Capability Improvement Project of Xi’an Jiaotong University(No.PY3A066)。
文摘Developing efficient photosensitizers for C-P bond construction is highly important and remains a challenge due to the urgently needed for the synthesis of modified nucleosides,nucleotides,and other phosphine-containing ligands.Herein,two pyrene-tethered bismoviologen derivatives(Py-BiV^(2+))were designed and synthesized for visible-light-induced C-P bonds formation.The photochemical and electrochemical properties of Py-BiV^(2+)were studied systemically,certifying fine-tunable opto-electronic properties through the number of pyrene groups(4,n=1;6,n=2).The prepared Py-BiV^(2+)showed strong light absorption,while retaining good redox features and chromic response features that were inherent to viologens.4 exhibited accelerated photoinduced electron transfer in the presence of the electron donor(pyrene)and the generated 4(radical cation)showed higher stability.Accordingly,Py-BiV^(2+)directly served as photosensitizers for the first time in the visible-light-induced C(sp^(3))-P and C(sp^(2))-P bonds formation.As expected,these novel viologen derivatives exhibited good catalytic performance and good substrate expansibility under ambient conditions.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22001200,22175138,21875180)。
文摘In this study,a series of arylene-bridged bis(benzimidazolium)triflates 1^(–)6^(^(2+))·2[OTf^(–)]were synthesized by grafting differentπ-linkers with benzimidazolium scaffolds.Among them,compound 1^(2+)·2[OTf^(–)]with anthracene as the linker exhibited remarkable electron transfer capabilities across four distinct redox states.The inclusion of an anthracene unit as theπ-linker contributes to its exceptional redox and optoelectronic characteristics.Consequently,1^(2+)·2[OTf^(–)]was successfully utilized as both an electrochromic molecule in an ECD under applied voltage for the first time,and a highly efficient photocatalyst for the formation of carbon–phosphorus bonds via visible-light-induced cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions.
基金supported by grants from National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFE0113500 to JX)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82020108002 and 81911540486 to JX)+1 种基金a grant from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(21XD1421300 and 20DZ2255400 to JX)the“Dawn”Program of Shanghai Education Commission(19SG34 to JX and the American Heart Association(20AIREA35080151 to SCK).
文摘Cardiac substrate utilization remains a critical focus for the research community.1 Research has acknowledged the role of metabolic flexibility in the development and progression of cardiac dysfunction during a variety of diseases and conditions.2,3 Under resting basal conditions,the heart relies on fatty acid metabolism as the primary energy source with glucose,lactate,ketone bodies,pyruvate,acetate,and branched-chain amino acids contributing as substrates depending on substrate availability,hormonal status,and myocardial conditioning.4 In addition to pathological states,physiological states,such as acute exercise,induce dynamic changes in substrate metabolism,including nearly a 10-fold increase in myocardial oxygen consumption.3,5 To meet the increased demand for energy during and after a bout of exercise,the heart muscle must exhibit metabolic flexibility and selectively utilize different substrates for adenosine triphosphate production.Moreover,metabolic substrate adaptations depend on the frequency,intensity,duration,and mode of exercise while multiple metabolic fluxes,such as the use,storage and mobilization of substrates must be coordinated to maintain energy homeostasis.1,2 Although many different processes of exercise-induced regulation and metabolic remodeling have been identified,35 the effect of exercise on cellular metabolism and the landscape of metabolic pathway regulation in response to both acute exercise and chronic exercise training remain unclear.
文摘According to the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), the Klein-Gordon equation is corrected by the quantum gravity exactly. Hence, the corrected Klein-Gordon equation will be more precise on the expression of the tunneling behavior. Then, the corrected Hawking temperature of the Gibbons-Maeda-Dilaton black hole is obtained near the horizon by quantum gravity. Analyzing the results carefully, it is obvious for us that the tunneling result is not only related to the mass of black hole, but also related to the mass and energy of outgoing fermions. Finally, we also infer that the tunneling radiation would be stopped at some particular temperature.
文摘Based on the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), the researchers find that the quantum gravity affects the Klein-Gordon equation exactly. Hence, the Klein-Gordon equation which is corrected by GUP will be more suitable on the expression of the tunneling behavior. Then, the corrected Hawking temperature of the GHS black hole is obtained. After analyzing this result, we find out that the Hawking temperature is not only related to the mass of black hole, but also related to the mass and energy of outgoing fermions. Finally, we infer that the Hawking radiation will be stopped, and the remnants of black holes exist naturally.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81722008,91639101,and81570362 to JX and 81800358 to LW)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2017-01-07-00-09-E00042 to JX)+1 种基金the Science and TechnologyCommission of Shanghai Municipality(17010500100 to JX)the development fund for Shanghai talents(to JX)
文摘Exercise training is beneficial to the cardiovascular system. MicroRNAs （miRNAs, miRs） are a class of conserved non-coding RNAs and play a wide-ranging role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Exercise training alters the expression levels of large amounts ofmiRNAs in the heart. In addition, circulating miRNAs appear to be regulated by exercise training. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the regulation of miRNAs during physical exercise intervention in various cardiovascular diseases, including pathologic cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. The regulatory role of circulating miRNAs after exercise training was also reviewed. In conclusion, miRNAs might be a valuable target for treatment of cardiovascular diseases and have great potential as biomarkers for assessment of physical performance.2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. （http：//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/）.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82225005, 82020108002 to JX,82200321 to QZ)Science and Technology Commission of ShanghaiMunicipality(23410750100,20DZ2255400,, 21XD1421300 to JX)+1 种基金the“Dawn”Program of Shanghai Educa-tion Commission(19SG34 to JX)Shanghai Sailing Program(21YF1413200 to QZ).
文摘Background:Exercise induces molecular changes that involve multiple organs and tissues.Moreover,these changes are modulated by various exercise parameters—such as intensity,frequency,mode,and duration—as well as by clinical features like gender,age,and body mass index(BMI),each eliciting distinct biological effects.To assist exercise researchers in understanding these changes from a comprehensive perspective that includes multiple organs,diverse exercise regimens,and a range of clinical features,we developed Exercise Regulated Genes Database(ExerGeneDB),a database of exercise-regulated differential genes.Methods:ExerGeneDB aggregated publicly available exercise-related sequencing datasets and subjected them to uniform quality control and preprocessing.The data,encompassing a variety of types,were organized into a specialized database of exercise-regulated genes.Notably,Exer-GeneDB conducted differential analyses on this collected data,leveraging curated clinical information and accounting for important factors such as gender,age,and BMI.Results:ExerGeneDB has assembled 1692 samples from rats and mice as well as 4492 human samples.It contains data from various tissues and organs,such as skeletal muscle,blood,adipose tissue,intestine,heart,liver,spleen,lungs,kidneys,brain,spinal cord,bone marrow,and bones.ExerGeneDB features bulk ribonucleic acid sequencing(RNA-seq)(including non-coding RNA(ncRNA)and protein-coding RNA),microarray(including ncRNA and protein-coding RNA),and single cell RNA-seq data.Conclusion:ExerGeneDB compiles and re-analyzes exercise-related data with a focus on clinical information.This has culminated in the crea-tion of an interactive database for exercise regulation genes.The website for ExerGeneDB can be found at:https://exergenedb.com.
基金supported by National Key research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1104700).
文摘Ophiocordyceps sinensis(OS)has a variety of pharmacological effects and has been widely used as tonic food and medicine for hundreds of years.Among them,the OS of Yushu in Qinghai and Naqu in Xizang are considered to be of high quality.However,a lack of evidence on the difference in metabolites between OS from two typical growing regions.We compared the metabolomes of OS from Qinghai and Xizang through a comparative metabolomics approach based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry.A total of 646 metabolites were identified from the OS of two typical growing regions,and there were no differences in the types of metabolites of OS in different regions,but in the differences in contents.Among the 85 metabolites screened with significant differences,cyclic peptides had a high content in Xizang group,while nucleotides,organic acids and their derivatives and lipids had a high content in Qinghai group.Metabolic pathways analysis of differential metabolites revealed that“vancomycin resistance”,“tryptophan metabolism”,“serotonergic synapse”,“phenylalanine metabolism”,“neomycin,kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis”,and“insulin resistance”were the main enrichment pathways.These findings provide an insight into the differential metabolic profiling and metabolic pathways of OS from two typical growing regions.
文摘由特殊喇叭口地形促成的四川雅安暴雨久已有名,研究颇多,而这一地区的暖区暴雨、夜发性暴雨的研究在业务预报和防灾减灾迫切需求的推动下也应加强。利用ERA5再分析资料,结合地面加密观测资料及中国气象局信息中心提供的三源融合近实时降水资料,对造成2020年8月10日四川雅安芦山的特大暴雨过程的动热力结构演变、触发机制和地形影响进行了诊断分析,揭示了弱天气尺度强迫及特殊地形影响背景下暖区暴雨的水汽、动热力结构演变及触发机制。研究得出:(1)此例暴雨属于500 h Pa无明显影响系统、低层无急流背景下的东南风型暖区暴雨。在雅安“迎风坡”、“喇叭口”地形和芦山西南向“?”型峡谷地形的影响下,配合西太副高西进、东南暖湿气流加强和850 h Pa弱低涡辐合气流的共同作用而诱发产生,此次降水时间短,强度大。(2)降水开始到强盛期间,始终有边界层地形作用产生的抬升速度、气旋式涡度和水平辐合与系统性垂直上升运动、涡度和散度叠加,增强了低层辐合,加剧了垂直上升运动,促使降水加强。(3)差动θ平流使得暴雨区对流不稳定度增强。对流抑制能量为零的高能高湿环境中,500 h Paθ弱冷平流也是暖区暴雨触发的因素之一;傍晚地形冷平流触发了初始对流并沿海拔高度1500米地形线分布;暴雨区上游强降水造成雷暴冷池出流叠加山风在“?”型峡谷西侧形成γ中尺度辐合线,并移至“?”型谷地内维持;冷性气流在快速下山后亦以冷池形式维持在“?”型峡谷东侧山脉附近,形成强温度梯度,这些因素触发并维持了芦山夜间特大暴雨。
基金Among these,patents were licensed to Bayer(WO2014020041-A1 and WO2014020043-A1)Bristol-Myers Squibb(WO2008057863-A1)+4 种基金Osasuna Therapeutics(WO2019057742A1)Pharmamar(WO2022049270A1 and WO2022048775-A1)Raptor Pharmaceuticals(EP2664326-A1)Samsara Therapeutics(GB202017553D0)Therafast Bio(EP3684471A1).The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.
文摘Exercise has long been known for its active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health.Regular moderate-intensity exercise improves all aspects of human health and is widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases.It is well-documented that exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at the organismal,tissue,cellular,and molecular levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that consequently protect against various pathological conditions.Here we mainly summarize how moderate-intensity exercise affects the major hallmarks of health,including the integrity of barriers,containment of local perturbations,recycling and turnover,integration of circuitries,rhythmic oscillations,homeostatic resilience,hormetic regulation,as well as repair and regeneration.Furthermore,we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for beneficial adaptations in response to exercise.This review aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the vital biological mechanisms through which moderate-intensity exercise maintains health and opens a window for its application in other health interventions.We hope that continuing investigation in this field will further increase our understanding of the processes involved in the positive role of moderate-intensity exercise and thus get us closer to the identification of new therapeutics that improve quality of life.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81722008,91639101,and 81570362 to J.Xiao,and 81800358 to L.Wang)from the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2017-01-07-00-09-E00042 to J.Xiao)+1 种基金from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(17010500100 and 18410722200 to J.Xiao)from the development fund for Shanghai talents(to J.Xiao)。
文摘Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of human death worldwide. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved degradation pathway,which is a highly conserved cellular degradation process in which lysosomes decompose their own organelles and recycle the resulting macromolecules.Autophagy is critical in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis and function, and excessive or insufficient autophagy or autophagic flux can lead to cardiovascular disease. Enormous evidence indicates that exercise training plays a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The regulation of autophagy during exercise is a bidirectional process. For cardiovascular disease caused by either insufficient or excessive autophagy, exercise training restores normal autophagy function and delays the progression of cardiovascular disease.An in-depth exploration and discussion of exercise-mediated regulation of autophagy in the cardiovascular system can broaden our view about the prevention of various autophagy-related diseases through exercise training. In this article, we review autophagy and its related signaling pathways,as well as autophagy-dependent beneficial effects of exercise in cardiovascular system.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21905253,51973200)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos.2018M640681,2019T120632)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan (No.202300410372)State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles (Qingdao University) (No.KF2020101)。
文摘Carbon dots(CDs), novel luminescent zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, have been widely applied due to their low toxicity, optimal optical properties, and easy modification. However, the current controllable equipment and mechanism explanation of CDs are relatively vague and require urgent resolution.Full-color emission CDs, an essential CDs category, have attracted people’s attention given their light and color-tunable properties. In addition to a wider range of biological and optoelectronic device applications, full-color emission CDs have similar structures and significantly affected the fluorescence mechanism of CDs. At present, few studies have reported on the summary research of CDs emitted by its full color, which greatly limits the development of CDs mechanisms and applications. As such, the present review detailed the full-color CDs development status, to which a suitable method for preparing full-color CDs was presented and the existing fluorescence emission mechanism of full-color CDs was summarized.Herein, we comprehensively introduced full-color CDs applications in biology and optoelectronics. Finally,we made an outlook on the development and potential applications of full-color CDs. The present review aims to contribute novel insights and methods for understanding full-color CDs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFC1507703 and 2018YFC1507400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41675042)+1 种基金the project entitled“Dynamical-Statistical Ensemble Techniques for Predicting Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Precipitation”the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change。
文摘Tropical cyclone(TC)precipitation(TCP)has attracted considerable attention in recent decades because of its adverse socioeconomic impacts.In particular,considerable effort has been devoted to quantifying TCP and investigating the precipitation of TCs that make landfall.However,precipitation over land induced by TCs that do not make landfall(i.e.,offshore),the so-called"sideswiping"TCs(STCs),is an important component of TCP but has attracted little attention from the research community to date.Here,best-track and daily precipitation data from the China Meteorological Administration during the 59 years of 1960-2018 are used to study STC precipitation(STP).Results show that:(i)the annual number of STCs fluctuates significantly from 3 to 17,with a mean frequency of 8.8 STCs per year;(ii)there are decreasing trends in STC frequency and STP amount over the past 59 years;(iii)both STC frequency and STP are high from July to October,with maxima in August;(iv)the distribution of STP,covering most of China’s coastal regions,is dominated by intense STCs,and the annual STP decreases from southeast coastal regions to northwest inland areas,with a maximum value over the islands of Taiwan and Hainan;and(v)extreme STP events could appear not only over the island and coastal areas,but also over inland areas such as Zhumadian of Henan Province due to the influences of local orography and favorable largescale forcing.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51905279)the Major Projects of Scientifi c and Technological Innovation(2025)of Ningbo City(Grant Nos.2018B10007 and 2019B10078)。
文摘As is well known,titanium alloy precipitates when subjected to aging treatment,which poses great influence on its mechanical properties.Thus,solution and solution-aging treatments were conducted in this work,and the wear performance was investigated under diff erent normal loads.The results showed that acicularα′martensite in the original selective laser melted Ti–6 Al–4 V was decomposed intoα+βphases after the solution treatment,and then Ti;Al nanoparticles clusters were further formed in theα-matrix after the solution-aging treatment.The coefficient of friction decreased straightly as the normal load was increased from 20 to 100 N,and the wear mechanisms were characterized by abrasion,adhesive and oxidative wears.The wear rate of solution and solution-aging treated samples increased significantly comparing to the as-built counterpart,but the increment of the solution-aging treated sample was smaller than that of the solution-only treated sample,because of the Ti;Al precipitation in the solution-aging treated sample.These particles provided ball-like effect,reduced material losses and stabilized the wear process.All these factors contributed to the improvement in wear properties of the parts made by selective laser melting.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1507703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41675042)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change。
文摘In earlier studies,objective techniques have been used to determine the contribution of tropical cyclones to precipitation(TCP)in a region,where the Tropical cyclone Precipitation Event(TPE)and the Regional Heavy Precipitation Events(RHPEs)are defined and investigated.In this study,TPE and RHPEs are combined to determine the Typhoon Regional Heavy Precipitation Events(TRHPEs),which is employed to evaluate the contribution of tropical cyclones to regional extreme precipitation events.Based on the Objective Identification Technique for Regional Extreme Events(OITREE)and the Objective Synoptic Analysis Technique(OSAT)to define TPE,temporal and spatial overlap indices are developed to identify the combined events as TRHPE.With daily precipitation data and TC best-track data over the western North Pacific from 1960 to 2018,86 TRHPEs have been identified.TRHPEs contribute as much as 20%of the RHPEs,but100%of events with extreme individual precipitation intensities.The major TRHPEs continued for approximately a week after tropical cyclone landfall,indicating a role of post landfall precipitation.The frequency and extreme intensity of TRHPEs display increasing trends,consistent with an observed positive trend in the mean intensity of TPEs as measured by the number of daily station precipitation observations exceeding 100 mm and 250 mm.More frequent landfalling Southeast and South China TCs induced more serious impacts in coastal areas in the Southeast and the South during 1990-2018 than1960-89.The roles of cyclone translation speed and"shifts"in cyclone tracks are examined as possible explanations for the temporal trends.
