The bismuth-telluride-based alloy is the only thermoelectric material commercialized for the applications of refrigeration and energy harvesting,but its low cost-effectiveness severely restricts its large-scale ap-pli...The bismuth-telluride-based alloy is the only thermoelectric material commercialized for the applications of refrigeration and energy harvesting,but its low cost-effectiveness severely restricts its large-scale ap-plication.The introduction of a porous structure in bulk thermoelectric materials has been theoretically proven to effectively reduce thermal conductivity and cost.However,the electrical properties of highly porous materials are considerably suppressed due to the strong carrier scattering at the interface be-tween the matrix and pores,ultimately leading to decreased figure of merit,ZT.Here,we use an atomic layer deposition strategy to introduce some hollow glass bubbles with nano-oxide layers into commercial Bi_(0.5)Sb_(1.5)Te_(3)for preparing high-performance porous thermoelectric materials.Experimental results indi-cate that the nano-oxide layers weaken carrier scattering at the interface between pores and matrix while maintaining high-strength phonon scattering,thereby optimizing carrier/phonon transport behaviors,and effectively increasing the ZT by 23.2%(from 0.99 to 1.22 at 350 K).Besides,our strategy has excellent universality confirmed by its effectiveness in improving the ZT of Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3),therefore demonstrating great potential for developing low-cost and high-performance thermoelectric materials.展开更多
Ytterbium and rare earth ions(RE=Y,Gd,La)codoped CaF_(2)-SrF_(2)single crystals(3 at%Yb,6 at%RE:CaF_(2)-SrF_(2))were fabricated by temperature gradient technology(TGT).All the space groups remain the same Fm3m as that...Ytterbium and rare earth ions(RE=Y,Gd,La)codoped CaF_(2)-SrF_(2)single crystals(3 at%Yb,6 at%RE:CaF_(2)-SrF_(2))were fabricated by temperature gradient technology(TGT).All the space groups remain the same Fm3m as that of Yb:CaF_(2)-SrF_(2).The lattice parameter a,unit cell volume V,as well as bond length of Ca/Sr-F and F-F increase in the sequence of rare-earth ions radius Y^(3+)<Gd^(3+)<La^(3+).The segregation coefficients of Yb ions are 0.87 in Yb,La:CaF_(2)-SrF_(2)and Yb,Gd:CaF_(2)-SrF_(2),which are larger than 0.85 in Yb,Y:CaF_(2)-SrF_(2)and 0.80 in Yb:CaF_(2)-SrF_(2).Absorption spectra in the range of 200 and 400 nm were analysed with Yb^(2+)contents.The absorption and emission cross-sections in the range of 900-1100 nm were determined together with fluorescence lifetime.The saturation pump density/Sat,minimum pump density/m in and gain cross-section were analysed.Yb,La:CaF_(2)-SrF_(2)has a relatively higher optical parameter(δem×t,0.52×10^(20)cm^(2)·ms),lower Isat(3.68 kW/cm^(2))and^min(0.50 kW/cm^(2))at 1038 nm indicating the potential application in high power laser.Low phonon energy of CaF_(2)-SrF_(2)is 302 cm^(-1)which is located between those of CaF_(2)and SrF_(2)as measured by Raman spectra.It is believed that ytterbium and rare earth ions(RE=Y^(3+),Cd^(3+),La^(3+))codoped CaF_(2)-SrF_(2)eutectic solid-solution is promising for high-power and wavelength-tunable solid-state lasers.展开更多
Assuming a reservoir with a typical salt-lake background in the Qaidam Basin as a testbed,in this study the var-iation law of the rock electrical parameters has been determined through water displacement experiments w...Assuming a reservoir with a typical salt-lake background in the Qaidam Basin as a testbed,in this study the var-iation law of the rock electrical parameters has been determined through water displacement experiments with different salinities.As made evident by the results,the saturation index increases with the degree of water injec-tion.When the salinity of the injected water is lower than 80000 ppm,the resistivity of the rock samplefirst decreases,then it remains almost constant in an intermediate stage,andfinally it grows,thereby giving rise to a‘U’profile behavior.As the salinity decreases,the water saturation corresponding to the inflection point of the resistivity becomes lower,thereby leading to a wider‘U’type range and a higher terminal resistivity.For dif-ferent samples,higher initial resistivity of the sample in the oil-bearing state,and higher resistivity after low-sali-nity water washing are obtained when a thicker lithology is considered.展开更多
The complex pore structure of carbonate reservoirs hinders the correlation between porosity and permeability.In view of the sedimentation,diagenesis,testing,and production characteristics of carbonate reservoirs in th...The complex pore structure of carbonate reservoirs hinders the correlation between porosity and permeability.In view of the sedimentation,diagenesis,testing,and production characteristics of carbonate reservoirs in the study area,combined with the current trends and advances in well log interpretation techniques for carbonate reservoirs,a log interpretation technology route of“geological information constraint+deep learning”was developed.The principal component analysis(PCA)was employed to establish lithology identification criteria with an accuracy of 91%.The Bayesian stepwise discriminant method was used to construct a sedimentary microfacies identification method with an accuracy of 90.5%.Based on production data,the main lithologies and sedimentary microfacies of effective reservoirs were determined,and 10 petrophysical facies with effective reservoir characteristics were identified.Constrained by petrophysical facies,the mean interpretation error of porosity compared to core analysis results is 2.7%,and the ratio of interpreted permeability to core analysis is within one order of magnitude,averaging 3.6.The research results demonstrate that deep learning algorithms can uncover the correlation in carbonate reservoir well logging data.Integrating geological and production data and selecting appropriate machine learning algorithms can significantly improve the accuracy of well log interpretation for carbonate reservoirs.展开更多
Objective Primary malignant melanomas of the liver are exceedingly rare.Only 19 cases have been reported in the literature worldwide.In this report,we describe our pathological findings and review the literature in or...Objective Primary malignant melanomas of the liver are exceedingly rare.Only 19 cases have been reported in the literature worldwide.In this report,we describe our pathological findings and review the literature in order to improve our understanding of the disease and prevent misdiagnosis,as well as provide evidence for its treatment and prognosis.Methods We present a case of an isolated malignant melanoma of the liver in a 61-year-old male Chinese patient.Results Comprehensive dermatological and ophthalmological examinations did not reveal any evidence of a primary cutaneous or ocular lesion.Similarly,serial physical examinations,auxiliary examinations,and bone scans did not demonstrate any other lesions in the brain,respiratory tract,and gastrointestinal tract.Microscopic examination of the resected specimen revealed malignant melanoma,which was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein(+),ki67(30%+),EMA(+),CD10(+),and HMB-45(++).Conclusion Primary malignant melanoma may occur in the liver,and should be considered when the histopathological appearance is atypical of other hepatic neoplasms.The diagnostic criteria for hepatic malignant melanoma depend mainly on the clinical,radiographic,and histopathological findings.Pathomorphology and immumohistochemical staining can be utilized to confirm the diagnosis.展开更多
Intermittent fasting(IF)is a convenient dietary intervention for multiple diseases,including type 2 diabetes.However,whether it can be used as a long-term antidiabetic approach is still unknown.Here,we confirm that IF...Intermittent fasting(IF)is a convenient dietary intervention for multiple diseases,including type 2 diabetes.However,whether it can be used as a long-term antidiabetic approach is still unknown.Here,we confirm that IF alone is beneficial for both moderate and severe diabetic mice,but its antidiabetic effects clearly diminish at later stages,especially for severe diabetic db/db mice,which have obviously impaired autophagy.We found that static magnetic fields can directly promote actin assembly and boost IF-induced autophagy.Consequently,the pancreatic islet and liver were improved,and the antidiabetic effects of IF were boosted.In fact,at later stages,combined static magnetic field and IF could reduce the blood glucose level of moderate type 2 diabetic mice by 40.5%(P<0.001)and severe type 2 diabetes by 34.4%(P<0.05),when IF alone no longer has significant blood glucose reduction effects.Therefore,although IF is generally beneficial for diabetes,our data reveal its insufficiency for late-stage diabetes,which can be compensated by a simple,noninvasive,long-lasting,and nonpharmacological strategy for effective long-term diabetic control.展开更多
In the Research Article“Enhanced effects of intermittent fasting by magnetic fields in severe diabetes”,an error was inadvertently introduced during the production process[1].The unit of measurement in Fig.iB is“KG...In the Research Article“Enhanced effects of intermittent fasting by magnetic fields in severe diabetes”,an error was inadvertently introduced during the production process[1].The unit of measurement in Fig.iB is“KGs”,not“kg”The publisher apologizes for this error,which is corrected in the figure below.展开更多
Residual stress originated from thermal expansion mismatch determines the mechanical properties of ceramic matrix composites(CMCs).Here,continuous SiC fiber reinforced SiC matrix(SiC_(f)/SiC)composites were fabricated...Residual stress originated from thermal expansion mismatch determines the mechanical properties of ceramic matrix composites(CMCs).Here,continuous SiC fiber reinforced SiC matrix(SiC_(f)/SiC)composites were fabricated by nano-infiltration and transient eutectic-phase(NITE)method,and the residual stress of the composites was investigated using high-temperature Raman spectrometer.With temperature increasing from room temperature to 1400℃,the residual stresses of the matrix and the fiber decrease from 1.29 to 0.62 GPa and from 0.84 to 0.55 GPa in compression respectively,while that of the interphase decreases from 0.16 to 0.10 GPa in tension.The variation of residual stress shows little effect on the tensile strength of the composites,while causes a slight decrease in the tensile strain.The suppression of fiber/matrix debonding and fiber pulling-out caused by the residual stress reduction in the interphase is responsible for the decreasing tensile strain.This work can open up new alternatives for residual stress analysis in CMCs.展开更多
Layer-structured interphase,existing between reinforcing fiber and ceramics matrix,is an indispensable constituent for fiber-reinforced ceramic composites due to its determinant role in the mechanical behavior of the ...Layer-structured interphase,existing between reinforcing fiber and ceramics matrix,is an indispensable constituent for fiber-reinforced ceramic composites due to its determinant role in the mechanical behavior of the composites.However,the interphase may suffer high residual stress because of the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients in the constituents,and this can exert significant influence on the mechanical behavior of the composites.Here,the residual stress in the boron nitride(BN)interphase of continuous SiC fiber-reinforced SiC composites was measured using a micro-Raman spectrometer.The effects of the residual stress on the mechanical behavior of the composites were investigated by correlating the residual stress with the mechanical properties of the composites.The results indicate that the residual stress increases from 26.5 to 82.6 MPa in tension as the fabrication temperature of the composites rises from 1500 to 1650℃.Moreover,the increasing tensile residual stress leads to significant variation of tensile strain,tensile strength,and fiber/matrix debonding mode of the composites.The sublayer slipping of the interphase caused by the residual stress should be responsible for the transformation of the mechanical behavior.This work can offer important guidance for residual stress adjustment in fiber-reinforced ceramic composites.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is still rapidly spreading worldwide.Many drugs and vaccines have been approved for clinical use show efficacy in the treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 i...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is still rapidly spreading worldwide.Many drugs and vaccines have been approved for clinical use show efficacy in the treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections.However,the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern(VOCs),such as Delta(B.1.617.2)and the recently emerged Omicron(B.1.1.529),has seriously challenged the application of current therapeutics.Therefore,there is still a pressing need for identification of new broad-spectrum antivirals.Here,we further characterized a human antibody(58G6),which we previously isolated from a patient,with a broadly authentic virus-neutralizing activity that inhibits the Delta and Omicron variants with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations(ICso)of 1.69 ng/ml and 54.31 ng/ml,respectively.58G6 shows prophylactic and therapeutic effcacy in hamsters challenged with the Delta and Omicron variants through nasal delivery.Notably,a very low dosage(2 mg/kg daily)of 58G6 efficiently prevented Omicron variant replication in the lungs.These advantages may overcome the efficacy limitation of currently approved neutralizing antibodies that can be administered only by intravenous injection.In general,58G6 is a promising prophylactic and therapeutic candidate against current circulating VOCs and even future emerging mutants.To the best of our knowledge,58G6 is one of the most potent neutralizing antibodies against Omicron,with a broader spectrum than those approved for clinical use.58G6 could be developed as a nebulized therapy,which would be more cost effective and user friendly and enhance the clinical outcome comparedto thatobtainedwithdirect nasaldelivery.展开更多
Gravity alterations in space cause significant adaptive effects on the human body,including changes to the muscular,skeletal,and vestibular systems.However,multiple factors besides gravity exist in space;therefore,it ...Gravity alterations in space cause significant adaptive effects on the human body,including changes to the muscular,skeletal,and vestibular systems.However,multiple factors besides gravity exist in space;therefore,it is difficult to distinguish gravity-related bioeffects from those of the other factors,including radiation.Although everything on the Earth surface is subject to gravity,gravity-induced effects are not explicitly clear.Here,different research methods that have been used in gravity alterations,including parabolic flight,diamagnetic levitation,and centrifuge,are reviewed and compared.The bioeffects that are reported to be associated with altered gravity in animals are summarized,and the potential risks of hypergravity and microgravity are discussed,with a focus on microgravity,which has been studied more extensively.It should be noted that although various microgravity and hypergravity research methods have their limitations,such as the inevitable magnetic field effects in diamagnetic levitation and short duration of parabolic flight,it is evident that ground-based clinical,animal,and cellular experiments that simulate gravity alterations have served as important and necessary complements to space research.These researches not only provide critical and fundamental biological information on the effects of gravity from biomechanics and the biophysical perspectives,but also help in developing future countermeasures for astronauts.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A2054,21905007)the Key Discipline of Materials Science and Engineering,Bureau of Education of Guangzhou(Grant No.202255464).
文摘The bismuth-telluride-based alloy is the only thermoelectric material commercialized for the applications of refrigeration and energy harvesting,but its low cost-effectiveness severely restricts its large-scale ap-plication.The introduction of a porous structure in bulk thermoelectric materials has been theoretically proven to effectively reduce thermal conductivity and cost.However,the electrical properties of highly porous materials are considerably suppressed due to the strong carrier scattering at the interface be-tween the matrix and pores,ultimately leading to decreased figure of merit,ZT.Here,we use an atomic layer deposition strategy to introduce some hollow glass bubbles with nano-oxide layers into commercial Bi_(0.5)Sb_(1.5)Te_(3)for preparing high-performance porous thermoelectric materials.Experimental results indi-cate that the nano-oxide layers weaken carrier scattering at the interface between pores and matrix while maintaining high-strength phonon scattering,thereby optimizing carrier/phonon transport behaviors,and effectively increasing the ZT by 23.2%(from 0.99 to 1.22 at 350 K).Besides,our strategy has excellent universality confirmed by its effectiveness in improving the ZT of Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3),therefore demonstrating great potential for developing low-cost and high-performance thermoelectric materials.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1830104,61635012,61925508)CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team,National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0402101)+1 种基金Strategic Priority Program of Chinese Academy of Science(XDB16030000)Development of Science and Technology foundation of China Academy of Engineering and Physics(2019HEL05-2).
文摘Ytterbium and rare earth ions(RE=Y,Gd,La)codoped CaF_(2)-SrF_(2)single crystals(3 at%Yb,6 at%RE:CaF_(2)-SrF_(2))were fabricated by temperature gradient technology(TGT).All the space groups remain the same Fm3m as that of Yb:CaF_(2)-SrF_(2).The lattice parameter a,unit cell volume V,as well as bond length of Ca/Sr-F and F-F increase in the sequence of rare-earth ions radius Y^(3+)<Gd^(3+)<La^(3+).The segregation coefficients of Yb ions are 0.87 in Yb,La:CaF_(2)-SrF_(2)and Yb,Gd:CaF_(2)-SrF_(2),which are larger than 0.85 in Yb,Y:CaF_(2)-SrF_(2)and 0.80 in Yb:CaF_(2)-SrF_(2).Absorption spectra in the range of 200 and 400 nm were analysed with Yb^(2+)contents.The absorption and emission cross-sections in the range of 900-1100 nm were determined together with fluorescence lifetime.The saturation pump density/Sat,minimum pump density/m in and gain cross-section were analysed.Yb,La:CaF_(2)-SrF_(2)has a relatively higher optical parameter(δem×t,0.52×10^(20)cm^(2)·ms),lower Isat(3.68 kW/cm^(2))and^min(0.50 kW/cm^(2))at 1038 nm indicating the potential application in high power laser.Low phonon energy of CaF_(2)-SrF_(2)is 302 cm^(-1)which is located between those of CaF_(2)and SrF_(2)as measured by Raman spectra.It is believed that ytterbium and rare earth ions(RE=Y^(3+),Cd^(3+),La^(3+))codoped CaF_(2)-SrF_(2)eutectic solid-solution is promising for high-power and wavelength-tunable solid-state lasers.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Technology(Grant No.CDYQCY202201)funded by the Key Laboratory of Shallow Geothermal Energy,Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China.The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive and valuable opinions gratefully.
文摘Assuming a reservoir with a typical salt-lake background in the Qaidam Basin as a testbed,in this study the var-iation law of the rock electrical parameters has been determined through water displacement experiments with different salinities.As made evident by the results,the saturation index increases with the degree of water injec-tion.When the salinity of the injected water is lower than 80000 ppm,the resistivity of the rock samplefirst decreases,then it remains almost constant in an intermediate stage,andfinally it grows,thereby giving rise to a‘U’profile behavior.As the salinity decreases,the water saturation corresponding to the inflection point of the resistivity becomes lower,thereby leading to a wider‘U’type range and a higher terminal resistivity.For dif-ferent samples,higher initial resistivity of the sample in the oil-bearing state,and higher resistivity after low-sali-nity water washing are obtained when a thicker lithology is considered.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Project of Changzhou City(Grant No.CJ20210120)the Research Start-up Fund of Changzhou University(Grant No.ZMF21020056).
文摘The complex pore structure of carbonate reservoirs hinders the correlation between porosity and permeability.In view of the sedimentation,diagenesis,testing,and production characteristics of carbonate reservoirs in the study area,combined with the current trends and advances in well log interpretation techniques for carbonate reservoirs,a log interpretation technology route of“geological information constraint+deep learning”was developed.The principal component analysis(PCA)was employed to establish lithology identification criteria with an accuracy of 91%.The Bayesian stepwise discriminant method was used to construct a sedimentary microfacies identification method with an accuracy of 90.5%.Based on production data,the main lithologies and sedimentary microfacies of effective reservoirs were determined,and 10 petrophysical facies with effective reservoir characteristics were identified.Constrained by petrophysical facies,the mean interpretation error of porosity compared to core analysis results is 2.7%,and the ratio of interpreted permeability to core analysis is within one order of magnitude,averaging 3.6.The research results demonstrate that deep learning algorithms can uncover the correlation in carbonate reservoir well logging data.Integrating geological and production data and selecting appropriate machine learning algorithms can significantly improve the accuracy of well log interpretation for carbonate reservoirs.
文摘Objective Primary malignant melanomas of the liver are exceedingly rare.Only 19 cases have been reported in the literature worldwide.In this report,we describe our pathological findings and review the literature in order to improve our understanding of the disease and prevent misdiagnosis,as well as provide evidence for its treatment and prognosis.Methods We present a case of an isolated malignant melanoma of the liver in a 61-year-old male Chinese patient.Results Comprehensive dermatological and ophthalmological examinations did not reveal any evidence of a primary cutaneous or ocular lesion.Similarly,serial physical examinations,auxiliary examinations,and bone scans did not demonstrate any other lesions in the brain,respiratory tract,and gastrointestinal tract.Microscopic examination of the resected specimen revealed malignant melanoma,which was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein(+),ki67(30%+),EMA(+),CD10(+),and HMB-45(++).Conclusion Primary malignant melanoma may occur in the liver,and should be considered when the histopathological appearance is atypical of other hepatic neoplasms.The diagnostic criteria for hepatic malignant melanoma depend mainly on the clinical,radiographic,and histopathological findings.Pathomorphology and immumohistochemical staining can be utilized to confirm the diagnosis.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB3507004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20148 and 52377228)+4 种基金International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(116134-KYSB20210052)Heye Health Technology Chong Ming Project(HYCMP2021010)CASHIPS Director's Fund(BJPY2021A06)Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center,CAS(2022HSC-CIP002)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-097).
文摘Intermittent fasting(IF)is a convenient dietary intervention for multiple diseases,including type 2 diabetes.However,whether it can be used as a long-term antidiabetic approach is still unknown.Here,we confirm that IF alone is beneficial for both moderate and severe diabetic mice,but its antidiabetic effects clearly diminish at later stages,especially for severe diabetic db/db mice,which have obviously impaired autophagy.We found that static magnetic fields can directly promote actin assembly and boost IF-induced autophagy.Consequently,the pancreatic islet and liver were improved,and the antidiabetic effects of IF were boosted.In fact,at later stages,combined static magnetic field and IF could reduce the blood glucose level of moderate type 2 diabetic mice by 40.5%(P<0.001)and severe type 2 diabetes by 34.4%(P<0.05),when IF alone no longer has significant blood glucose reduction effects.Therefore,although IF is generally beneficial for diabetes,our data reveal its insufficiency for late-stage diabetes,which can be compensated by a simple,noninvasive,long-lasting,and nonpharmacological strategy for effective long-term diabetic control.
文摘In the Research Article“Enhanced effects of intermittent fasting by magnetic fields in severe diabetes”,an error was inadvertently introduced during the production process[1].The unit of measurement in Fig.iB is“KGs”,not“kg”The publisher apologizes for this error,which is corrected in the figure below.
基金financial support of the research grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51902328)the research grant from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No. 19ZR1464700)the research grant from Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.ZDRW-CN2017-1)
文摘Residual stress originated from thermal expansion mismatch determines the mechanical properties of ceramic matrix composites(CMCs).Here,continuous SiC fiber reinforced SiC matrix(SiC_(f)/SiC)composites were fabricated by nano-infiltration and transient eutectic-phase(NITE)method,and the residual stress of the composites was investigated using high-temperature Raman spectrometer.With temperature increasing from room temperature to 1400℃,the residual stresses of the matrix and the fiber decrease from 1.29 to 0.62 GPa and from 0.84 to 0.55 GPa in compression respectively,while that of the interphase decreases from 0.16 to 0.10 GPa in tension.The variation of residual stress shows little effect on the tensile strength of the composites,while causes a slight decrease in the tensile strain.The suppression of fiber/matrix debonding and fiber pulling-out caused by the residual stress reduction in the interphase is responsible for the decreasing tensile strain.This work can open up new alternatives for residual stress analysis in CMCs.
基金support of the research grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51902328)the research grant from the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.19ZR1464700)+2 种基金the research grant from the Innovation Academy for Light-duty Gas Turbine,CAS(No.CXYJJ20-QN-09)the research grant from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDY-SSW-JSC031)the research grant from the Key Deployment Projects of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDRW-CN-2019-01).
文摘Layer-structured interphase,existing between reinforcing fiber and ceramics matrix,is an indispensable constituent for fiber-reinforced ceramic composites due to its determinant role in the mechanical behavior of the composites.However,the interphase may suffer high residual stress because of the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients in the constituents,and this can exert significant influence on the mechanical behavior of the composites.Here,the residual stress in the boron nitride(BN)interphase of continuous SiC fiber-reinforced SiC composites was measured using a micro-Raman spectrometer.The effects of the residual stress on the mechanical behavior of the composites were investigated by correlating the residual stress with the mechanical properties of the composites.The results indicate that the residual stress increases from 26.5 to 82.6 MPa in tension as the fabrication temperature of the composites rises from 1500 to 1650℃.Moreover,the increasing tensile residual stress leads to significant variation of tensile strain,tensile strength,and fiber/matrix debonding mode of the composites.The sublayer slipping of the interphase caused by the residual stress should be responsible for the transformation of the mechanical behavior.This work can offer important guidance for residual stress adjustment in fiber-reinforced ceramic composites.
基金This work was jointly supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(2019CFA076)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170949).
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is still rapidly spreading worldwide.Many drugs and vaccines have been approved for clinical use show efficacy in the treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections.However,the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern(VOCs),such as Delta(B.1.617.2)and the recently emerged Omicron(B.1.1.529),has seriously challenged the application of current therapeutics.Therefore,there is still a pressing need for identification of new broad-spectrum antivirals.Here,we further characterized a human antibody(58G6),which we previously isolated from a patient,with a broadly authentic virus-neutralizing activity that inhibits the Delta and Omicron variants with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations(ICso)of 1.69 ng/ml and 54.31 ng/ml,respectively.58G6 shows prophylactic and therapeutic effcacy in hamsters challenged with the Delta and Omicron variants through nasal delivery.Notably,a very low dosage(2 mg/kg daily)of 58G6 efficiently prevented Omicron variant replication in the lungs.These advantages may overcome the efficacy limitation of currently approved neutralizing antibodies that can be administered only by intravenous injection.In general,58G6 is a promising prophylactic and therapeutic candidate against current circulating VOCs and even future emerging mutants.To the best of our knowledge,58G6 is one of the most potent neutralizing antibodies against Omicron,with a broader spectrum than those approved for clinical use.58G6 could be developed as a nebulized therapy,which would be more cost effective and user friendly and enhance the clinical outcome comparedto thatobtainedwithdirect nasaldelivery.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20148)Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center CAS(2022HSC-CIP002).
文摘Gravity alterations in space cause significant adaptive effects on the human body,including changes to the muscular,skeletal,and vestibular systems.However,multiple factors besides gravity exist in space;therefore,it is difficult to distinguish gravity-related bioeffects from those of the other factors,including radiation.Although everything on the Earth surface is subject to gravity,gravity-induced effects are not explicitly clear.Here,different research methods that have been used in gravity alterations,including parabolic flight,diamagnetic levitation,and centrifuge,are reviewed and compared.The bioeffects that are reported to be associated with altered gravity in animals are summarized,and the potential risks of hypergravity and microgravity are discussed,with a focus on microgravity,which has been studied more extensively.It should be noted that although various microgravity and hypergravity research methods have their limitations,such as the inevitable magnetic field effects in diamagnetic levitation and short duration of parabolic flight,it is evident that ground-based clinical,animal,and cellular experiments that simulate gravity alterations have served as important and necessary complements to space research.These researches not only provide critical and fundamental biological information on the effects of gravity from biomechanics and the biophysical perspectives,but also help in developing future countermeasures for astronauts.
