Male reproductive development is necessary for the alternation of the life cycle in angiosperms.Due to functional redundancy of genes in the allohexaploid genome of common wheat,there are only two loci of recessive nu...Male reproductive development is necessary for the alternation of the life cycle in angiosperms.Due to functional redundancy of genes in the allohexaploid genome of common wheat,there are only two loci of recessive nuclear genic male sterility(GMS)mutations reported in wheat.Here,we report a new wheat recessive GMS gene,Ta Ms6,which encodes a GDSL esterase/lipase protein(GELP).Ta Ms6 is predominantly expressed in the anther during meiosis and the unicellular microspore stage,especially in meiotic cells(MCs),dyad cells,tapetum,and middle layer.The loss of Ta Ms6 function leads to male sterility,likely due to the downregulation of some pollen development-related genes and changes in lipid composition during meiosis.The ms6 mutant and Ms6 gene can potentially be utilized for developing commercialscale hybrid wheat breeding systems.We also systematically analyzed the GELP gene family in wheat,providing a comprehensive understanding of the Ta GELP family and offering valuable references for indepth genetic studies.Additionally,we discovered the nonallelic noncomplementation of two malesterile mutants,which presents an interesting and promising research direction.展开更多
Dear Editor,To combat pathogen invasion,plants use immune receptors that detect immunogenic molecules to trigger immune responses and confer resistance.Cell-surface-resident pattern recognition receptors activate patt...Dear Editor,To combat pathogen invasion,plants use immune receptors that detect immunogenic molecules to trigger immune responses and confer resistance.Cell-surface-resident pattern recognition receptors activate pattern-triggered immunity through the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs),damage-associated molecular patterns,and phytocytokines(PCKs)(Zhou and Zhang,2020;Jones et al.,2024).展开更多
Plastoglobules, lipoprotein particles associated with thylakoid membranes, serve as critical hubs for chloroplast acclimation to environmental perturbations. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying plastoglobuli-...Plastoglobules, lipoprotein particles associated with thylakoid membranes, serve as critical hubs for chloroplast acclimation to environmental perturbations. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying plastoglobuli-associated signal perception and transduction remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a redox-regulated kinase complex in Arabidopsis that mediates plastoglobules’ response to red light. Two plastoglobule-localized kinases, ACTIVITY OF BC1 COMPLEX KINASE 1 and 3 (ABC1K1 and ABC1K3), form a dynamic hetero-oligomeric complex essential for maintaining plastoquinone (PQ) pool homeostasis and optimizing photosynthetic efficiency. These kinases dynamically adjust their conformational states in response to PQ redox-state changes induced by environmental light conditions. Under preferential photosystem II (PSII) excitation induced by red light, reduced PQ pool initiates a signaling cascade through activation of the thylakoid oxidoreductase LUMEN THIOL OXIDOREDUCTASE 1 (LTO1). Activated LTO1 then oxidizes ABC1K1 at Cys107, triggering its oligomerization via inter-molecular disulfide-bond formation. This oligomeric state change leads to enhanced interaction between ABC1K1 and ABC1K3 oligomers, reconfiguring the kinase complex to relieve ABC1K3-mediated inhibition of PQ mobilization. Consequently, by restoring PQ-pool homeostasis, the ABC1K1-ABC1K3 complex mitigates PSII photodamage and safeguards photosynthesis, thereby enabling chloroplast adaptation to red light. Taken together, our findings reveal a redox-regulation mechanism by which plastoglobules integrate environmental cues with chloroplast homeostasis, providing new insights into plastoglobule-mediated stress acclimation.展开更多
Haploid induction (HI) is an important tool in crop breeding. Phospholipase A1 (ZmPLA1)/NOT LIKE DAD (NLD)/MATRILINEAL (MTL) is a key gene controlling HI in maize;however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains un...Haploid induction (HI) is an important tool in crop breeding. Phospholipase A1 (ZmPLA1)/NOT LIKE DAD (NLD)/MATRILINEAL (MTL) is a key gene controlling HI in maize;however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, to dissect why loss of ZmPLA1 function could mediate HI we performed a comprehensive multiple omics analysis of zmpla1 mutant anthers by integrating transcriptome, metabolome, quantitative proteome, and protein modification data. Functional classes of significantly enriched or differentially abundant molecular entities were found to be associated with the oxidative stress response, suggesting that a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst plays a critical role in HI. In support of this, we further discovered that a simple chemical treatment of pollen with ROS reagents could lead to HI. Moreover, we identified ZmPOD65, which encodes a sperm-specific peroxidase, as a new gene controlling HI. Taken together, our study revealed a likely mechanism of HI, discovered a new gene controlling HI, and created a new method for HI in maize, indicating the importance of ROS balance in maintaining normal reproduction and providing a potential route to accelerate crop breeding.展开更多
Active DNA demethylation is critical for altering DNA methylation patterns and regulating gene expression.The 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase/lyase ROS1 initiates a base-excision repair pathway for active DNA demethy...Active DNA demethylation is critical for altering DNA methylation patterns and regulating gene expression.The 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase/lyase ROS1 initiates a base-excision repair pathway for active DNA demethylation and is required for the prevention of DNA hypermethylation at 1000 s of genomic regions in Arabidopsis.How ROS1 is regulated and targeted to specific genomic regions is not well understood.Here,we report the discovery of an Arabidopsis protein complex that contains ROS1,regulates ROS1 gene expression,and likely targets the ROS1 protein to specific genomic regions.ROS1 physically interacts with a WD40 domain protein(RWD40),which in turn interacts with a methyl-DNA binding protein(RMB1)as well as with a zinc finger and homeobox domain protein(RHD1).RMB1 binds to DNA that is methylated in any sequence context,and this binding is necessary for its function in vivo.Loss-of-function mutations in RWD40,RMB1,or RHD1 cause DNA hypermethylation at several tested genomic regions independently of the known ROS1 regulator IDM1.Because the hypermethylated genomic regions include the DNA methylation monitoring sequence in the ROS1 promoter,plants mutated in RWD40,RMB1,or RHD1 show increased ROS1 expression.Importantly,ROS1 binding to the ROS1 promoter requires RWD40,RMB1,and RHD1,suggesting that this complex dictates ROS1 targeting to this locus.Our results demonstrate that ROS1 forms a protein complex with RWD40,RMB1,and RHD1,and that this novel complex regulates active DNA demethylation at several endogenous loci in Arabidopsis.展开更多
Maintenance of cell wall integrity is of great importance not only for plant growth and development,but also for the adaptation of plants to adverse environments.However,how the cell wall integrity is modulated under ...Maintenance of cell wall integrity is of great importance not only for plant growth and development,but also for the adaptation of plants to adverse environments.However,how the cell wall integrity is modulated under salt stress is still poorly understood.Here,we report that a nuclear-localized Agenet domain-containing protein SWO1(SWOLLEN 1)is required for the maintenance of cell wall integrity in Arabidopsis under salt stress.Mutation in SWO1 gene results in swollen root tips,disordered root cell morphology,and root elongation inhibition under salt stress.The swo1 mutant accumulates less cellulose and pectin but more lignin under high salinity.RNA-seq and ChIP-seq assays reveal that SWO1 binds to the promoter of several cell wall-related genes and regulates their expression under saline conditions.Further study indicates that SWO1 interacts with importinɑIMPA1 and IMPA2,which are required for the import of nuclear-localized proteins.The impa1 impa2 double mutant also exhibits root growth inhibition under salt stress and mutations of these two genes aggravate the salt-hypersensitive phenotype of the swo1 mutant.Taken together,our data suggest that SWO1 functions together with importinɑto regulate the expression of cell wall-related genes,which enables plants to maintain cell wall integrity under high salinity.展开更多
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022ZD22,ZR2021ZD30,SYS202206)Shandong Agricultural University Dezhou(Qihe)Wheat Research Institute。
文摘Male reproductive development is necessary for the alternation of the life cycle in angiosperms.Due to functional redundancy of genes in the allohexaploid genome of common wheat,there are only two loci of recessive nuclear genic male sterility(GMS)mutations reported in wheat.Here,we report a new wheat recessive GMS gene,Ta Ms6,which encodes a GDSL esterase/lipase protein(GELP).Ta Ms6 is predominantly expressed in the anther during meiosis and the unicellular microspore stage,especially in meiotic cells(MCs),dyad cells,tapetum,and middle layer.The loss of Ta Ms6 function leads to male sterility,likely due to the downregulation of some pollen development-related genes and changes in lipid composition during meiosis.The ms6 mutant and Ms6 gene can potentially be utilized for developing commercialscale hybrid wheat breeding systems.We also systematically analyzed the GELP gene family in wheat,providing a comprehensive understanding of the Ta GELP family and offering valuable references for indepth genetic studies.Additionally,we discovered the nonallelic noncomplementation of two malesterile mutants,which presents an interesting and promising research direction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472567)the Major Basic Research Project of the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(ZR2024ZD07)+1 种基金and the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2024CXPT072)to S.H.by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Program,China(ZR2024MC065)to C.Y.
文摘Dear Editor,To combat pathogen invasion,plants use immune receptors that detect immunogenic molecules to trigger immune responses and confer resistance.Cell-surface-resident pattern recognition receptors activate pattern-triggered immunity through the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs),damage-associated molecular patterns,and phytocytokines(PCKs)(Zhou and Zhang,2020;Jones et al.,2024).
基金supported by Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32230006)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(SYS202206)+1 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021ZD30)Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Fund.
文摘Plastoglobules, lipoprotein particles associated with thylakoid membranes, serve as critical hubs for chloroplast acclimation to environmental perturbations. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying plastoglobuli-associated signal perception and transduction remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a redox-regulated kinase complex in Arabidopsis that mediates plastoglobules’ response to red light. Two plastoglobule-localized kinases, ACTIVITY OF BC1 COMPLEX KINASE 1 and 3 (ABC1K1 and ABC1K3), form a dynamic hetero-oligomeric complex essential for maintaining plastoquinone (PQ) pool homeostasis and optimizing photosynthetic efficiency. These kinases dynamically adjust their conformational states in response to PQ redox-state changes induced by environmental light conditions. Under preferential photosystem II (PSII) excitation induced by red light, reduced PQ pool initiates a signaling cascade through activation of the thylakoid oxidoreductase LUMEN THIOL OXIDOREDUCTASE 1 (LTO1). Activated LTO1 then oxidizes ABC1K1 at Cys107, triggering its oligomerization via inter-molecular disulfide-bond formation. This oligomeric state change leads to enhanced interaction between ABC1K1 and ABC1K3 oligomers, reconfiguring the kinase complex to relieve ABC1K3-mediated inhibition of PQ mobilization. Consequently, by restoring PQ-pool homeostasis, the ABC1K1-ABC1K3 complex mitigates PSII photodamage and safeguards photosynthesis, thereby enabling chloroplast adaptation to red light. Taken together, our findings reveal a redox-regulation mechanism by which plastoglobules integrate environmental cues with chloroplast homeostasis, providing new insights into plastoglobule-mediated stress acclimation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730064)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100303)+1 种基金NSFIOS-2129189 to D.J.X.Lsupported by the startup funding from State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chines Academy of Sciences.
文摘Haploid induction (HI) is an important tool in crop breeding. Phospholipase A1 (ZmPLA1)/NOT LIKE DAD (NLD)/MATRILINEAL (MTL) is a key gene controlling HI in maize;however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, to dissect why loss of ZmPLA1 function could mediate HI we performed a comprehensive multiple omics analysis of zmpla1 mutant anthers by integrating transcriptome, metabolome, quantitative proteome, and protein modification data. Functional classes of significantly enriched or differentially abundant molecular entities were found to be associated with the oxidative stress response, suggesting that a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst plays a critical role in HI. In support of this, we further discovered that a simple chemical treatment of pollen with ROS reagents could lead to HI. Moreover, we identified ZmPOD65, which encodes a sperm-specific peroxidase, as a new gene controlling HI. Taken together, our study revealed a likely mechanism of HI, discovered a new gene controlling HI, and created a new method for HI in maize, indicating the importance of ROS balance in maintaining normal reproduction and providing a potential route to accelerate crop breeding.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Nature Science Foundation of China(32002046)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200948)。
文摘Active DNA demethylation is critical for altering DNA methylation patterns and regulating gene expression.The 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase/lyase ROS1 initiates a base-excision repair pathway for active DNA demethylation and is required for the prevention of DNA hypermethylation at 1000 s of genomic regions in Arabidopsis.How ROS1 is regulated and targeted to specific genomic regions is not well understood.Here,we report the discovery of an Arabidopsis protein complex that contains ROS1,regulates ROS1 gene expression,and likely targets the ROS1 protein to specific genomic regions.ROS1 physically interacts with a WD40 domain protein(RWD40),which in turn interacts with a methyl-DNA binding protein(RMB1)as well as with a zinc finger and homeobox domain protein(RHD1).RMB1 binds to DNA that is methylated in any sequence context,and this binding is necessary for its function in vivo.Loss-of-function mutations in RWD40,RMB1,or RHD1 cause DNA hypermethylation at several tested genomic regions independently of the known ROS1 regulator IDM1.Because the hypermethylated genomic regions include the DNA methylation monitoring sequence in the ROS1 promoter,plants mutated in RWD40,RMB1,or RHD1 show increased ROS1 expression.Importantly,ROS1 binding to the ROS1 promoter requires RWD40,RMB1,and RHD1,suggesting that this complex dictates ROS1 targeting to this locus.Our results demonstrate that ROS1 forms a protein complex with RWD40,RMB1,and RHD1,and that this novel complex regulates active DNA demethylation at several endogenous loci in Arabidopsis.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant XDB27040101(to J-K.Z.)Shanghai Pujiang Program,Grant 20PJ1414800(to C.Z.),and National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant No.32070295(to C.Z.).
文摘Maintenance of cell wall integrity is of great importance not only for plant growth and development,but also for the adaptation of plants to adverse environments.However,how the cell wall integrity is modulated under salt stress is still poorly understood.Here,we report that a nuclear-localized Agenet domain-containing protein SWO1(SWOLLEN 1)is required for the maintenance of cell wall integrity in Arabidopsis under salt stress.Mutation in SWO1 gene results in swollen root tips,disordered root cell morphology,and root elongation inhibition under salt stress.The swo1 mutant accumulates less cellulose and pectin but more lignin under high salinity.RNA-seq and ChIP-seq assays reveal that SWO1 binds to the promoter of several cell wall-related genes and regulates their expression under saline conditions.Further study indicates that SWO1 interacts with importinɑIMPA1 and IMPA2,which are required for the import of nuclear-localized proteins.The impa1 impa2 double mutant also exhibits root growth inhibition under salt stress and mutations of these two genes aggravate the salt-hypersensitive phenotype of the swo1 mutant.Taken together,our data suggest that SWO1 functions together with importinɑto regulate the expression of cell wall-related genes,which enables plants to maintain cell wall integrity under high salinity.
