Soil microbiomes are significant for biodiversity,crucial for ecosystem functions,and vital for the health of various organisms.Nevertheless,the impacts of season and plant species shifts on soil microbial diversity a...Soil microbiomes are significant for biodiversity,crucial for ecosystem functions,and vital for the health of various organisms.Nevertheless,the impacts of season and plant species shifts on soil microbial diversity and community assembly are still poorly understood.This study explored soil bacterial,fungal,and protistan communities during summer and winter in a coastal wetland affected by Spartina alterniflora invasion and subsequent Cyperus malaccensis or Kandelia obovata restoration.The results showed that bacterial,fungal,and protistan diversity were 2.63%,40.3%,and 9.90%higher in winter than in summer,respectively.Plant species had a distinct impact on microbial diversity.Notably,K.obovata restoration significantly increased bacterial diversity,but decreased protistan diversity,with no effect on fungal diversity when compared to S.alterniflora invasion.Season and plant species both significantly influenced the community structure of bacteria,fungi,and protists.However,protistan community structure was more sensitive to season compared to the structure of bacterial and fungal communities.The complexity of co-occurrence networks within or among bacteria,fungi,and protists was higher in winter than in summer.Bacterial and protistan community assembly was primarily driven by stochastic processes,while fungal assembly was dominated by deterministic processes.Bacterial and protistan community assembly exhibited lower stochasticity in winter compared to summer,suggesting a more deterministic assembly of communities during winter.Our findings highlight the critical role of season and plant species in regulating microbial communities,revealing higher microbial diversity,network complexity,and determinism in community assembly during winter compared to summer in a subtropical coastal wetland.展开更多
The conversion of natural forests in subtropical regions to plantations or secondary forests has resulted in alterations in soil variables,microbial communities,and microbially mediated processes,including nitrous oxi...The conversion of natural forests in subtropical regions to plantations or secondary forests has resulted in alterations in soil variables,microbial communities,and microbially mediated processes,including nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions.However,how forest conversion influences soil N_(2)O reduction and the abundance and community structure of N_(2)O-reducing microorganisms remains unclear.Here,we investigated the impact of converting natural forests to a secondary forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana plantations on the abundance and community structure of N_(2)O-reducing microorganisms in both bulk soils and soil aggregates.Compared with the secondary forest,plantations had higher soil pH and available phosphorus and moisture contents,lower soil NH_(4)^(+)content,but similar aggregate sizes.Compared with the secondary forest,the conversion of natural forest to plantations resulted in significantly higher soil N_(2)O reduction rate and increased abundances of nosZⅠand nosZⅡgenes in bulk soils and soil aggregates.The abundance of nosZⅠwas higher than that of nosZⅡin all tested soils and had a stronger association with N_(2)O reduction rate,suggesting the greater role of nosZⅠ-carrying microorganisms in N_(2)O consumption.Forest conversion had a greater impact on the community composition of nosZ I than nosZⅡ,mainly by increasing the relative abundances of alpha-and beta-Proteobacteria,while decreasing gamma-Proteobacteria.However,nosZⅡ-carrying microorganisms were exclusively dominated by Gemmatimonadetes and less affected by forest conversion.Taken together,our findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the eco-physiological characteristics of N_(2)O-reducing microorganisms and highlight the importance of nosZⅠ-carrying microorganisms in N_(2)O consumption in subtropical forest soils.展开更多
●The Ascomycota played a major role in fungal necromass formation in soil.●Protists reduced fungal necromass while promoting bacterial ncromass accumulation.●Soil total nitrogen substantially decided the persistenc...●The Ascomycota played a major role in fungal necromass formation in soil.●Protists reduced fungal necromass while promoting bacterial ncromass accumulation.●Soil total nitrogen substantially decided the persistence of bacterial necromass in soil.Microbial necromass plays a crucial role in soil organic carbon(SOC)formation.However,underlying abiotic and biotic factors on necromass accumulation remain poorly understood.Here,based on a 27-year field fertilization experiment in upland Ultisols,we investigated how changes in fungal and bacterial necromass relate to the abundance,diversity,community structure,and trophic co-occurrence networks of microbial communities,including fungi,bacteria,and protists.Fungal necromass contributed an average of 32.4%to SOC,a greater contribution than the 14.6%from bacterial necromass,regardless of fertilization regimes.Modularity analysis of the protistan-fungal network indicated that Ascomycota fungi were the primary contributors to fungal necromass accumulation in arable soil.The protistan community structure had a significantly negative effect on fungal necromass by directly decomposing fungal residues,rather than altering the fungal community structure.In contrast,soil total nitrogen positively influenced the persistence of bacterial necromass.Bacterial abundance was positively correlated with bacterial necromass.Protists increased bacterial abundance,thereby increasing bacterial necromass in the soil.Overall,protists regulated microbial necromass storage in arable soils either by decomposing fungal necromass or by increasing bacterial abundance.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Resources Science and Technology Innovation Project of Fujian Province,China(No.KY-090000-04-2022-012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077041 and 42377301)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(No.2021J011038)the Talent Introduction Program of Minjiang University,China(No.MJY20012).
文摘Soil microbiomes are significant for biodiversity,crucial for ecosystem functions,and vital for the health of various organisms.Nevertheless,the impacts of season and plant species shifts on soil microbial diversity and community assembly are still poorly understood.This study explored soil bacterial,fungal,and protistan communities during summer and winter in a coastal wetland affected by Spartina alterniflora invasion and subsequent Cyperus malaccensis or Kandelia obovata restoration.The results showed that bacterial,fungal,and protistan diversity were 2.63%,40.3%,and 9.90%higher in winter than in summer,respectively.Plant species had a distinct impact on microbial diversity.Notably,K.obovata restoration significantly increased bacterial diversity,but decreased protistan diversity,with no effect on fungal diversity when compared to S.alterniflora invasion.Season and plant species both significantly influenced the community structure of bacteria,fungi,and protists.However,protistan community structure was more sensitive to season compared to the structure of bacterial and fungal communities.The complexity of co-occurrence networks within or among bacteria,fungi,and protists was higher in winter than in summer.Bacterial and protistan community assembly was primarily driven by stochastic processes,while fungal assembly was dominated by deterministic processes.Bacterial and protistan community assembly exhibited lower stochasticity in winter compared to summer,suggesting a more deterministic assembly of communities during winter.Our findings highlight the critical role of season and plant species in regulating microbial communities,revealing higher microbial diversity,network complexity,and determinism in community assembly during winter compared to summer in a subtropical coastal wetland.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41930756 and 42077041)Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2020J01187)。
文摘The conversion of natural forests in subtropical regions to plantations or secondary forests has resulted in alterations in soil variables,microbial communities,and microbially mediated processes,including nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions.However,how forest conversion influences soil N_(2)O reduction and the abundance and community structure of N_(2)O-reducing microorganisms remains unclear.Here,we investigated the impact of converting natural forests to a secondary forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus massoniana plantations on the abundance and community structure of N_(2)O-reducing microorganisms in both bulk soils and soil aggregates.Compared with the secondary forest,plantations had higher soil pH and available phosphorus and moisture contents,lower soil NH_(4)^(+)content,but similar aggregate sizes.Compared with the secondary forest,the conversion of natural forest to plantations resulted in significantly higher soil N_(2)O reduction rate and increased abundances of nosZⅠand nosZⅡgenes in bulk soils and soil aggregates.The abundance of nosZⅠwas higher than that of nosZⅡin all tested soils and had a stronger association with N_(2)O reduction rate,suggesting the greater role of nosZⅠ-carrying microorganisms in N_(2)O consumption.Forest conversion had a greater impact on the community composition of nosZ I than nosZⅡ,mainly by increasing the relative abundances of alpha-and beta-Proteobacteria,while decreasing gamma-Proteobacteria.However,nosZⅡ-carrying microorganisms were exclusively dominated by Gemmatimonadetes and less affected by forest conversion.Taken together,our findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the eco-physiological characteristics of N_(2)O-reducing microorganisms and highlight the importance of nosZⅠ-carrying microorganisms in N_(2)O consumption in subtropical forest soils.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42307400)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20231097)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD1902705)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M723239)。
文摘●The Ascomycota played a major role in fungal necromass formation in soil.●Protists reduced fungal necromass while promoting bacterial ncromass accumulation.●Soil total nitrogen substantially decided the persistence of bacterial necromass in soil.Microbial necromass plays a crucial role in soil organic carbon(SOC)formation.However,underlying abiotic and biotic factors on necromass accumulation remain poorly understood.Here,based on a 27-year field fertilization experiment in upland Ultisols,we investigated how changes in fungal and bacterial necromass relate to the abundance,diversity,community structure,and trophic co-occurrence networks of microbial communities,including fungi,bacteria,and protists.Fungal necromass contributed an average of 32.4%to SOC,a greater contribution than the 14.6%from bacterial necromass,regardless of fertilization regimes.Modularity analysis of the protistan-fungal network indicated that Ascomycota fungi were the primary contributors to fungal necromass accumulation in arable soil.The protistan community structure had a significantly negative effect on fungal necromass by directly decomposing fungal residues,rather than altering the fungal community structure.In contrast,soil total nitrogen positively influenced the persistence of bacterial necromass.Bacterial abundance was positively correlated with bacterial necromass.Protists increased bacterial abundance,thereby increasing bacterial necromass in the soil.Overall,protists regulated microbial necromass storage in arable soils either by decomposing fungal necromass or by increasing bacterial abundance.
