Direct borohydride hydrogen peroxide fuel cells(DBHPFCs)are emerging as a transformative technology for sustainable energy conversion.Despite their potential,their efficiency is largely hindered by the limitations of ...Direct borohydride hydrogen peroxide fuel cells(DBHPFCs)are emerging as a transformative technology for sustainable energy conversion.Despite their potential,their efficiency is largely hindered by the limitations of the anode catalyst.In response to this challenge,we have developed a novel series of Co-based heterojunction metal-organic framework(MOF)derivatives,supported on reduced graphene oxide(rGO)-modified nickel foam(NF),to enhance borohydride electrooxidation performance.Our synthesis involves the thermal transformation of a ZIF67-Co(OH)_(2)-rGO/NF precursor within a controlled temperature between 300 and 750℃,yielding distinct phase heterostructures and pristine Co and CoO,verified by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analyses.Additionally,the Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculation result further validate the formation of the heterojunction and direction of electron transfer along the interface as well as the BH_(4)^(-)adsorption behavior across the heterointerface.Notably,the catalyst annealed at 600℃,designated Co-CoO@C-rGO/NF-600,exhibits an exceptional oxidation current density of 2.5 A cm^(-2)at 0 V vs.Ag/AgCl in an electrolyte containing 2 mol L^(-1)NaOH and 0.4 mol L^(-1)NaBH_(4)Furthermore,the Co-CoO@C-rGO/NF-600 catalyst demonstrates remarkable performance as the anode catalyst in a DBHPFC assembly,achieving a peak power density of 385.73 mW cm^(-2)and demonstrating the enduring operational stability.The superior electrocatalytic performance is primarily attributed to the synergistic effects of Co-CoO nanoparticles rich in active heterointerfaces and the superior electron mobility afforded by the rGO scaffold.These results not only deepen our understanding of anode catalyst design for DBHPFCs but also pave the way for breakthroughs in electrocatalytic technologies,driving forward the quest for sustainable energy solutions.展开更多
In unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs,presence of numerous movable grains and a complex grain size composition necessitates a clear understanding of the physical clogging process for effective groundwater recharge in...In unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs,presence of numerous movable grains and a complex grain size composition necessitates a clear understanding of the physical clogging process for effective groundwater recharge in groundwater-source heat pump systems.To investigate this,a series of seepage experiments was conducted under in situ stress conditions using unconsolidated sandstone samples with varying grain compositions.The clogging phenomenon arises from the combined effects of grain migration and compaction,wherein the migration of both original and secondary crushed fine-grain particles blocks the seepage channels.Notably,grain composition influences the migration and transport properties of the grains.For samples composed of smaller grains,the apparent permeability demonstrates a transition from stability to decrease.In contrast,samples with larger grains experience a skip at the stability stage and directly enter the decrease stage,with a minor exception of a slight increase observed.Furthermore,a unique failure mode characterized by diameter shrinkage in the upper part of the sample is observed due to the combined effects of grain migration and in situ stress-induced compaction.These testing results contribute to a better understanding of the clogging mechanism caused by the coupled effects of grain migration and compaction during groundwater recharge in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs used in groundwater-source heat pump systems.展开更多
Integrating ring-fused modification withπ-conjugated extension is an effective approach for designing,synthesizing,and application for novel borondipyrromethene(BODIPY)structures.In this work,based on phenyl[b]-fused...Integrating ring-fused modification withπ-conjugated extension is an effective approach for designing,synthesizing,and application for novel borondipyrromethene(BODIPY)structures.In this work,based on phenyl[b]-fused BODIPY,we made reasonable modification of the methyl group at 1-site to generate dye NBDP.NBDP possessed near-infrared region(NIR)absorption and emission properties,and the intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)resulted in low fluorescence.Whereas,heat energy is evidently released in the presence of light,which can be exploited for intracellular photothermal therapy via the cell apoptosis process,reducing the inflammatory side-effects induced by necrosis.This research provides a crucial foundation for the novel molecule via BODIPY multi-directional alteration and its potential application in anti-tumor phototherapy.展开更多
Spin-orbit,charge-transfer intersystem crossing(SOCT-ISC)can directly overcome the disadvantages of the traditional heavy-atom effect and improve the generation efficiency of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Since orthogo...Spin-orbit,charge-transfer intersystem crossing(SOCT-ISC)can directly overcome the disadvantages of the traditional heavy-atom effect and improve the generation efficiency of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Since orthogonal molecular orbitals of donor-acceptor(D-A)pairs favor the SOCT-ISC transition,herein aza-borondipyrromethenes(aza-BODIPYs)with 1,7-di-anthracyl groups(An-azaBDP)was successfully prepared,owing to steric hindrance to produce a big dihedral angle between the two molecular orbital(MO)planes.Moreover,according to density functional theory(DFT)and time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT),the energy difference between the S1-T1orbitals of An-aza BDP is small and more inclined towards ISC.An-aza BDP can effectively generate singlet oxygen under light irradiation.An-aza BDP with light irradiation can induce apoptosis in SW620 cells,and can serve as a potential candidate for the treatment of cancer cells and tumors.展开更多
太阳能是一种绿色、清洁的能源.将可再生太阳能转化为热能驱动聚酯醇解反应,即发展光热催化聚酯醇解方法,实现废弃塑料转化为高纯度、高附加值单体,有望解决传统热催化体系效率低、能耗高的问题,实现废弃塑料的高效增值回收利用.一方面...太阳能是一种绿色、清洁的能源.将可再生太阳能转化为热能驱动聚酯醇解反应,即发展光热催化聚酯醇解方法,实现废弃塑料转化为高纯度、高附加值单体,有望解决传统热催化体系效率低、能耗高的问题,实现废弃塑料的高效增值回收利用.一方面,光热催化体系可满足传统热催化所需的反应温度,同时光热催化过程中存在的局域热效应,可进一步提升聚酯回收的催化活性,保障聚酯的高效醇解.另一方面,利用太阳能驱动光热催化聚酯醇解反应,不仅降低能耗,减少CO_(2)排放,还可以充分利用清洁能源,实现太阳能到化学能的高效转化.然而,催化剂的光热转化效率低、局域热效应弱以及催化活性低是限制其发展的挑战问题.本文采用模板法合成了ZIF-8纳米粒子,在ZIF-8表面包覆一层SiO_(2),经高温处理后得到一体化光热催化剂.内部碳材料在吸收太阳光后产生热能,而外层SiO_(2)可以阻止内部热的辐射损失,从而提高局域温度.此外,SiO_(2)包覆层可以抑制c-ZIF-8在高温热解过程中的聚集,使催化剂在催化反应过程中具有更好的分散性.优化后的光热催化剂(c-ZIF-8@25SiO_(2))在0.78 Wcm-2模拟太阳光照射30 min下的PET转化率为84.97%,是热催化反应性能的3.4倍.当反应时间延长至45 min时,PET转化率达到100%.动力学分析表明,光热催化PET醇解的活化能为59.35 k Jmol-1,低于大多文献报道值(通常>70 k J mol-1),更重要的是,其活化能也与热催化PET醇解的活化能(61.04 k Jmol-1)相近反应.上述结果表明,c-ZIF-8@25SiO_(2)纳米颗粒光热催化PET醇解和热催化PET醇解的反应路径可能是相同的,因此排除了光化学活化在光热催化中的贡献.此外,这种SiO_(2)包覆层也使内部催化剂具有较高的稳定性,其中PET转化率和对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯产率在5次循环后分别保持在初始值的98%和95%.在室外太阳光照射下进行PET醇解实验以及从混合塑料中选择性回收PET,进一步证明了c-ZIF-8@25SiO_(2)在光热催化PET醇解方面具有较好的用前景.技术经济分析表明,每回收1万吨PET,选择光热催化可节电6390000 k W·h,减少3089.59吨CO_(2)排放.综上,本文策略为增强光热催化中的局部加热效应提供了一种普适性方法,为构筑高效塑料回收提供理论指导及实验参考.展开更多
Lithium/potassium ion capacitors(LICs/PICs) have been proposed to bridge the performance gap between high-energy batteries and high-power capacitors.However,their development is hindered by the choice,electrochemical ...Lithium/potassium ion capacitors(LICs/PICs) have been proposed to bridge the performance gap between high-energy batteries and high-power capacitors.However,their development is hindered by the choice,electrochemical performance,and preparation technique of the battery-type anode materials.Herein,a nitrogen and phosphorus dual-doped multilayer graphene(NPG) material is designed and synthesized through an arc discharge process,using low-cost graphite and solid nitrogen and phosphorus sources.When employed as the anode material,NPG exhibits high capacity,remarkable rate capability,and stable cycling performance in both lithium and potassium ion batteries.This excellent electrochemical performance is ascribed to the synergistic effect of nitrogen and phosphorus doping,which enhances the electrochemical conductivity,provides a higher number of ion storage sites,and leads to increased interlayer spacing.Full carbon-based NPG‖LiPF6‖active carbon(AC) LICs and NPG‖KPF6‖AC PICs are assembled and show excellent electrochemical performance,with competitive energy and power densities.This work provides a route for the large-scale production of dual-doped graphene as a universal anode material for high-performance alkali ion batteries and capacitors.展开更多
It is highly desirable to design and synthesize two-dimensional nanostructured electrode materials with high electrical conductivity,large electrolyte-accessible surface area and more exposed active sites for energy s...It is highly desirable to design and synthesize two-dimensional nanostructured electrode materials with high electrical conductivity,large electrolyte-accessible surface area and more exposed active sites for energy storage applications.Herein,MXene/Co Al-LDH heterostructure has been prepared through electrostatic ordered hetero-assembly of monolayer MXene and edge-rich Co Al-LDH nanosheets in a faceto-face manner on molecular-scale for supercapacitor applications.Benefiting from the unique structure,strong interfacial interaction and synergistic effects between MXene and Co Al-LDH nanosheets,the electrical conductivity and exposed electrolyte-accessible active sites are significantly enhanced.The asprepared MXene/Co Al-LDH-80%(ML-80)film exhibits high volumetric capacity of 2472 C cm-3 in 3 M KOH electrolyte with high rate capability of 70.6%at 20 A g-1.Notably,to the best of our knowledge,the high volumetric capacity is the highest among other previously reported values for supercapacitors in aqueous electrolytes.Furthermore,our asymmetric supercapacitor device fabricated with ML-80 and MXene/graphene composite as cathode and anode,respectively,exhibits impressive volumetric energy density of 85.4 Wh L-1 with impressive cycling stability of 94.4%retention ratio after 30,000 continuous charge/discharge cycles.展开更多
Water stored as part of the land surface is lost to evapotranspiration and runoff on different time scales, and the partitioning between these time scales is important for modeling soil water in a climate model. Diffe...Water stored as part of the land surface is lost to evapotranspiration and runoff on different time scales, and the partitioning between these time scales is important for modeling soil water in a climate model. Different time scales are imposed on evapotranspiration primarily because it is derived from different reservoirs with different storage capacities, from the very rapid evaporation of canopy stores to the slow removal by transpiration of rooting zone soil moisture. Runoff likewise ranges in time scale from rapid surface terms to the slower base-flow. The longest time scale losses of water determine the slow variation of soil moisture and hence the longer time scale effects of soil moisture on precipitation. This paper shows with a simple analysis how shifting the partitioning of evapotranspiration between the different reservoirs affects the variability of soil moisture and precipitation. In particular, it is concluded that a shift to shorter time scale reservoirs shifts the variance of precipitation from that which is potentially predictable to unpredictable.展开更多
Urea oxidation is a significant reaction for utilizing urea-rich wastewater or human urine as sustainable power sources which can ease the water eutrophication while generate electricity. A direct urea-hydrogen peroxi...Urea oxidation is a significant reaction for utilizing urea-rich wastewater or human urine as sustainable power sources which can ease the water eutrophication while generate electricity. A direct urea-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell is a new kind of fuel cell employing urea as fuel and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant which possesses a larger cell voltage. Herein, this work tries to promote the kinetics process of urea oxidation by preparing low-cost and high-efficient NiCo2S4 nanowires modified carbon sponge electrode. The carbon sponge used in this work with a similar three-dimensional multi-channel structure to Ni foam, is prepared by carbonizing recycled polyurethane sponge which is also a process of recycling waste. The performance of the prepared catalyst in an alkaline solution is investigated in a three-electrode system.With the introduction of Co element to the catalyst, a reduced initial urea oxidation potential and a high performance are obtained. Furthermore, a direct urea-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell is assembled using the NiCo2S4 nanowires modified carbon sponge anode. Results indicate that the prepared catalyst provides a chance to solve the current problems that hinder the development of urea electrooxidation(high initial urea oxidation potential, low performance, and high electrode costs).展开更多
The preferential flow plays a vital role on the infiltration of irrigation or rainfall. The objective of this study was to quantify preferential flow in the processing of irrigation infiltration in the field scale. Te...The preferential flow plays a vital role on the infiltration of irrigation or rainfall. The objective of this study was to quantify preferential flow in the processing of irrigation infiltration in the field scale. Tests of different initial soil water contents and irrigation intensities were conducted using Brilliant Blue FCF（C.I.42090） dye tracer in Luancheng County of the North China Plain. The results showed that the percentages of infiltration by the preferential flow for irrigation depth of 25, 50, and 75 mm were 16.67%, 43.67%, and 34.17%, with 19.72%, 61.42%, 66.64% of dyed areas in the soil profile, respectively, which indicated that preferential flow was enhanced with increasing irrigation intensity, but reduced when the irrigation intensity was over 50 mm. The percentages of preferential flow for 75 and 180 mm previous irrigation producing different initial soil water contents were 23.26% and 18.97%, with 53.23% and 39.94% of dyed areas in the soil profile, respectively. Compared with the 75 mm without previous irrigation, the results indicated that higher initial soil water contents restrained the preferential flow in the field. Therefore, intermittent irrigation and low irrigation intensity patterns, and larger depth of plowing would be suggested to reduce the preferential flow which would increase the soil water utilization efficiency and reduce pollution risk of pesticide and fertilizer to groundwater.展开更多
Pharmaceutical comprehensive study(PCS) is a new system of experimental teaching in China, which integrates multidisciplinary pharmaceutical knowledge and covers the basic process of new drug discovery. To explore the...Pharmaceutical comprehensive study(PCS) is a new system of experimental teaching in China, which integrates multidisciplinary pharmaceutical knowledge and covers the basic process of new drug discovery. To explore the feasibility of this experiment teaching system and mode, we developed PCS as an elective course. The PCS is designed with two sections: pharmaceutical comprehensive design(PCD) and pharmaceutical comprehensive experiment(PCE). The PCD section includes literature review, comprehensive project design and oral examination. PCE can be divided into four parts: synthesis, quantitative determination, pharmacodynamic evaluation, and formulation and quality determination. Course grade was determined by experimental performance, written report, literature review, new project design and oral examination. The learning interest, experimental ability, theoretical level and literature retrieval ability, team spirit and interpersonal skills have been all significantly improved among students taking this course. A survey was administered at the end of the semester to the enrolled students. The responses were reported as percentages, and the feedback was positive. The course was highly recommended by the teaching inspection committee. This new course plays an important role in developing students’ creativity and comprehensive ability. It could help students understand the focus and features of every secondary discipline, as well as establish scientific and reasonable knowledge system. Most students can better understand the process of drug research after this course.展开更多
MXene-based electrode materials exhibit favorable supercapacitor performance in sulfuric acid due to praised pseudocapacitance charge storage mechanism.However,self-stacking of conventional MXene electrodes severely r...MXene-based electrode materials exhibit favorable supercapacitor performance in sulfuric acid due to praised pseudocapacitance charge storage mechanism.However,self-stacking of conventional MXene electrodes severely restricts their electrochemical performance,especially at high loading.Herein,a flexible cross-linked porous Ti3C2Tx-MXene-reduced graphene oxide(Ti3C2Tx-RGO)film is skillfully designed and synthesized by microscopic explosion of graphene oxide(GO)at sudden high te mperature.The generated chamber structure between layers could hold a few of electrolyte,leading to a close-fitting reaction at interlayer and avoiding complex ions transmission paths.The Ti3C2Tx-RGO film displayed a preferable rate performance than that of pure Ti3C2Tx film and a high capacitance of 505 F/g at 2 mV/s.Furthermore,the uniform intralayer structure and unique energy storage process lead to thicknessindependenct electrochemical performances.This work provides a simple and feasible improvement approach for the design of MXene-based electrodes,which can be spread other electrochemical systems limited by ions transport,such as metal ions batteries and catalysis.展开更多
Aqueous zinc energy storage devices,holding various merits such as high specific capacity and low costs,have attracted extensive attention in recent years.Nevertheless,Zn metal anodes still suffer from a short lifespa...Aqueous zinc energy storage devices,holding various merits such as high specific capacity and low costs,have attracted extensive attention in recent years.Nevertheless,Zn metal anodes still suffer from a short lifespan and low Coulombic efficiency due to corrosion and side reactions in aqueous electrolytes.In this paper,we construct an artificial Sn inorganic layer on Zn metal anode through a facile strategy of atom exchange.The Sn layer suppresses Zn dendrite growth by facilitating homogeneous Zn plating and stripping during charge and discharge processes.Meanwhile,the Sn protective layer also serves as a physical barrier to decrease Zn corrosion and hydrogen generation.As a result,The Sn-coated anode(Sn|Zn)exhibits a low polarization voltage(~34 mV at 0.5 mAh/cm^(2))after 800 testing hours and displays a smooth and an even surface without corrosion.Moreover,the zinc ion capacitor(Sn|Zn‖activated carbon)is assembled with an enhanced capacity of 42 mAh/g and a capacity retention of 95%after 10,000 cycles at 5 A/g.This work demonstrates a feasible approach for the commercialization of aqueous Zn-based energy storage devices.展开更多
Sodium ion batteries and capacitors have demonstrated their potential applications for next-generation low-cost energy storage devices.These devices’s rate ability is determined by the fast sodium ion storage behavio...Sodium ion batteries and capacitors have demonstrated their potential applications for next-generation low-cost energy storage devices.These devices’s rate ability is determined by the fast sodium ion storage behavior in electrode materials.Herein,a defective TiO2@reduced graphene oxide(M-TiO2@rGO)self-supporting foam electrode is constructed via a facile MXene decomposition and graphene oxide self-assembling process.The employment of the MXene parent phase exhibits distinctive advantages,enabling defect engineering,nanoengineering,and fluorine-doped metal oxides.As a result,the M-TiO2@rGO electrode shows a pseudocapacitance-dominated hybrid sodium storage mechanism.The pseudocapacitance-dominated process leads to high capacity,remarkable rate ability,and superior cycling performance.Significantly,an M-TiO2@rGO//Na3 V2(PO4)3 sodium full cell and an M-TiO2@rGO//HPAC sodium ion capacitor are fabricated to demonstrate the promising application of M-TiO2@rGO.The sodium ion battery presents a capacity of 177.1 mAh g-1 at 500 mA g-1 and capacity retention of 74%after 200 cycles.The sodium ion capacitor delivers a maximum energy density of 101.2 Wh kg-1 and a maximum power density of 10,103.7 W kg-1.At 1.0 A g-1,it displays an energy retention of 84.7%after 10,000 cycles.展开更多
Aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries are very attractive in large-scale storage applications,because they have high safety,low cost and good durability.Nonetheless,their advancements are hindered by a dearth of pos...Aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries are very attractive in large-scale storage applications,because they have high safety,low cost and good durability.Nonetheless,their advancements are hindered by a dearth of positive host materials(cathode)due to sluggish diffusion of Zn2+in the solid inorganic frameworks.Here,we report a novel organic electrode material of poly 3,4,9,10-perylentetracarboxylic dianhydride(PPTCDA)/graphene aerogel(GA).The 3D interconnected porous architecture synthesized through a simple solvothermal reaction,where the PPTCDA is homogenously embedded in the GA nanosheets.The self-assembly of PPTCDA/GA coin-type cell will not only significantly improve the durability and extend lifetime of the devices,but also reduce the electronic waste and economic cost.The self-assembled structure does not require the auxiliary electrode and conductive agent to prepare the electrode material,which is a simple method for preparing the coin-type cell and a foundation for the next large-scale production.The PPTCDA/GA delivers a high capacity of≥200 m Ah g^–1 with the voltage of 0.0~1.5 V.After 300 cycles,the capacity retention rate still close to 100%.The discussion on the mechanism of Zn2+intercalation/deintercalation in the PPTCDA/GA electrode is explored by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterizations.The morphology and structure of PPTCDA/GA are examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).展开更多
Aqueous Zn-based energy storage devices possess tremendous advantages, such as low cost, high safety,and competitive energy density, due to employing a Zn metal anode and aqueous electrolyte. However,the cycling stabi...Aqueous Zn-based energy storage devices possess tremendous advantages, such as low cost, high safety,and competitive energy density, due to employing a Zn metal anode and aqueous electrolyte. However,the cycling stability and rate ability of a Zn anode are hindered by Zn dendrite growth and sluggish ion transfer in the electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, the interfacial properties of Zn anodes are improved through the introduction of a silver(Ag) protective layer, which facilitates uniform Zn deposition and regulates Zn ion transport. As a result, Ag-coated Zn anodes display stable cycling performance(600 h at 1 m A cm^(-2)) and low overpotential(150 mV at 50 mA cm^(-2)after 2000 cycles). The Ag layer in situ electrochemically converts into an AgZn_(3) layer and promotes Zn ion desolvation and threedimensional diffusion processes. Moreover, a Zn-ion capacitor assembled with an Ag-coated Zn anode and active carbon cathode shows a capable cycling lifespan and rate performance. This study provides a feasible strategy for constructing a stabilized and dendrite-free Zn anode for the development of high-performance Zn-based energy storage devices.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries attract lots of attention due to their high specific capacity,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the low sulfur utilization and short cycle life extremely hinder their application...Lithium-sulfur batteries attract lots of attention due to their high specific capacity,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the low sulfur utilization and short cycle life extremely hinder their application.Herein,we design and fabricate a three-dimensional electrode by a simple filtration method to achieve a high-sulfur loading.Biomass porous carbon is employed as a current collector,which not only enhances the electronic transport but also effectively limits the volume expansion of the active material.Meanwhile,an optimized carboxymethyl cellulose binder is chosen.The chemical bonding restricts the shuttle effect,leading to improved electrochemical performance.Under the ultrahigh sulfur load of 28mg/cm2,the high capacity of 18mAh/cm2 is still maintained,and stable cycling performance is obtained.This study demonstrates a viable strategy to develop promising lithium-sulfur batteries with a three-dimensional electrode,which promotes sulfur loading and electrochemical performance.展开更多
Large Hollow nanoparticulate aggregates（LHNAs） based on albumin nanoparticles is a promising technology for developing dry powder inhaler（DPI） with good aerodynamic properties in order to provide a new drug delive...Large Hollow nanoparticulate aggregates（LHNAs） based on albumin nanoparticles is a promising technology for developing dry powder inhaler（DPI） with good aerodynamic properties in order to provide a new drug delivery system（DDS） for the treatment of lung disease. Improved understanding of molecular interactions could lead to prepare the DDS rationally. Therefore, this investigation utilized computations and experiments to reveal the mechanisms of budesonide（BUD） interactions with bovine serum albumin（BSA） at the molecular level. The molecular dynamics（MD） simulation revealed that there were three critical stable binding sites of BUD on BSA（P1, P2, P3） mainly by hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond. The energy decomposition of each residue to the whole BUD-BSA complex system in P1-P3 showed that nonpolar residues in or around the binding site played an important role in the binding of BUD to BSA. The molar ratio was close to 3 in preparations in drug-loading efficiency experiment, which was confirmed to the simulation results. The details of the binding sites from computation provided a guideline for the design of the BSA nanoparticles carrying BUD, which was prepared successfully at last. Combination of the MD simulation and experiment as well as the mechanism of the molecular interaction provided a solid theoretical basis for the preparation of BSA-LHNAs for DPI in the future.展开更多
ZnCo_2O_4 nanocluster particles(NCPs) were prepared through a designed hydrothermal method, with the assistance of a surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The crystalline structure and surface morphology of Zn...ZnCo_2O_4 nanocluster particles(NCPs) were prepared through a designed hydrothermal method, with the assistance of a surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The crystalline structure and surface morphology of ZnCo_2O_4 were investigated by XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, and BET analyses. The results of SEM and TEM suggest a clear nanocluster particle structure of cubic ZnCo_2O_4(*100 nm in diameter), which consists of aggregated primary nanoparticles(*10 nm in diameter), is achieved. The electrochemical behavior of synthesized ZnCo_2O_4 NCPs was investigated by galvanostatic discharge/charge measurements and cyclic voltammetry. The ZnCo_2O_4 NCPs exhibit a high reversible capacity of 700 mAh g^(-1) over 100 cycles under a current density of 100 mA g^(-1) with an excellent coulombic efficiency of 98.9% and a considerable cycling stability. This work demonstrates a facile technique designed to synthesize ZnCo_2O_4 NCPs which show great potential as anode materials for lithium ion batteries.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52402106)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province Jointly Guided Project(No.LH2023B010)the Planning Project of Heilongjiang Province Education Department(No.LJYXL2022-036)。
文摘Direct borohydride hydrogen peroxide fuel cells(DBHPFCs)are emerging as a transformative technology for sustainable energy conversion.Despite their potential,their efficiency is largely hindered by the limitations of the anode catalyst.In response to this challenge,we have developed a novel series of Co-based heterojunction metal-organic framework(MOF)derivatives,supported on reduced graphene oxide(rGO)-modified nickel foam(NF),to enhance borohydride electrooxidation performance.Our synthesis involves the thermal transformation of a ZIF67-Co(OH)_(2)-rGO/NF precursor within a controlled temperature between 300 and 750℃,yielding distinct phase heterostructures and pristine Co and CoO,verified by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analyses.Additionally,the Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculation result further validate the formation of the heterojunction and direction of electron transfer along the interface as well as the BH_(4)^(-)adsorption behavior across the heterointerface.Notably,the catalyst annealed at 600℃,designated Co-CoO@C-rGO/NF-600,exhibits an exceptional oxidation current density of 2.5 A cm^(-2)at 0 V vs.Ag/AgCl in an electrolyte containing 2 mol L^(-1)NaOH and 0.4 mol L^(-1)NaBH_(4)Furthermore,the Co-CoO@C-rGO/NF-600 catalyst demonstrates remarkable performance as the anode catalyst in a DBHPFC assembly,achieving a peak power density of 385.73 mW cm^(-2)and demonstrating the enduring operational stability.The superior electrocatalytic performance is primarily attributed to the synergistic effects of Co-CoO nanoparticles rich in active heterointerfaces and the superior electron mobility afforded by the rGO scaffold.These results not only deepen our understanding of anode catalyst design for DBHPFCs but also pave the way for breakthroughs in electrocatalytic technologies,driving forward the quest for sustainable energy solutions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0137200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52309147 and 52179114).
文摘In unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs,presence of numerous movable grains and a complex grain size composition necessitates a clear understanding of the physical clogging process for effective groundwater recharge in groundwater-source heat pump systems.To investigate this,a series of seepage experiments was conducted under in situ stress conditions using unconsolidated sandstone samples with varying grain compositions.The clogging phenomenon arises from the combined effects of grain migration and compaction,wherein the migration of both original and secondary crushed fine-grain particles blocks the seepage channels.Notably,grain composition influences the migration and transport properties of the grains.For samples composed of smaller grains,the apparent permeability demonstrates a transition from stability to decrease.In contrast,samples with larger grains experience a skip at the stability stage and directly enter the decrease stage,with a minor exception of a slight increase observed.Furthermore,a unique failure mode characterized by diameter shrinkage in the upper part of the sample is observed due to the combined effects of grain migration and in situ stress-induced compaction.These testing results contribute to a better understanding of the clogging mechanism caused by the coupled effects of grain migration and compaction during groundwater recharge in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs used in groundwater-source heat pump systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22078201,U1908202)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning(No.2021NLTS1206)“Chunhui Program”cooperative research project of Education Ministry,Liaoning&Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment(Nos.2021JH13/10200018,21–104–0–23)。
文摘Integrating ring-fused modification withπ-conjugated extension is an effective approach for designing,synthesizing,and application for novel borondipyrromethene(BODIPY)structures.In this work,based on phenyl[b]-fused BODIPY,we made reasonable modification of the methyl group at 1-site to generate dye NBDP.NBDP possessed near-infrared region(NIR)absorption and emission properties,and the intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)resulted in low fluorescence.Whereas,heat energy is evidently released in the presence of light,which can be exploited for intracellular photothermal therapy via the cell apoptosis process,reducing the inflammatory side-effects induced by necrosis.This research provides a crucial foundation for the novel molecule via BODIPY multi-directional alteration and its potential application in anti-tumor phototherapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22078201,U1908202)Liaoning&Shenyang Key Laboratory of Functional Dye and Pigment(Nos.2021JH13/10200018,21–104–0–23)。
文摘Spin-orbit,charge-transfer intersystem crossing(SOCT-ISC)can directly overcome the disadvantages of the traditional heavy-atom effect and improve the generation efficiency of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Since orthogonal molecular orbitals of donor-acceptor(D-A)pairs favor the SOCT-ISC transition,herein aza-borondipyrromethenes(aza-BODIPYs)with 1,7-di-anthracyl groups(An-azaBDP)was successfully prepared,owing to steric hindrance to produce a big dihedral angle between the two molecular orbital(MO)planes.Moreover,according to density functional theory(DFT)and time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT),the energy difference between the S1-T1orbitals of An-aza BDP is small and more inclined towards ISC.An-aza BDP can effectively generate singlet oxygen under light irradiation.An-aza BDP with light irradiation can induce apoptosis in SW620 cells,and can serve as a potential candidate for the treatment of cancer cells and tumors.
文摘太阳能是一种绿色、清洁的能源.将可再生太阳能转化为热能驱动聚酯醇解反应,即发展光热催化聚酯醇解方法,实现废弃塑料转化为高纯度、高附加值单体,有望解决传统热催化体系效率低、能耗高的问题,实现废弃塑料的高效增值回收利用.一方面,光热催化体系可满足传统热催化所需的反应温度,同时光热催化过程中存在的局域热效应,可进一步提升聚酯回收的催化活性,保障聚酯的高效醇解.另一方面,利用太阳能驱动光热催化聚酯醇解反应,不仅降低能耗,减少CO_(2)排放,还可以充分利用清洁能源,实现太阳能到化学能的高效转化.然而,催化剂的光热转化效率低、局域热效应弱以及催化活性低是限制其发展的挑战问题.本文采用模板法合成了ZIF-8纳米粒子,在ZIF-8表面包覆一层SiO_(2),经高温处理后得到一体化光热催化剂.内部碳材料在吸收太阳光后产生热能,而外层SiO_(2)可以阻止内部热的辐射损失,从而提高局域温度.此外,SiO_(2)包覆层可以抑制c-ZIF-8在高温热解过程中的聚集,使催化剂在催化反应过程中具有更好的分散性.优化后的光热催化剂(c-ZIF-8@25SiO_(2))在0.78 Wcm-2模拟太阳光照射30 min下的PET转化率为84.97%,是热催化反应性能的3.4倍.当反应时间延长至45 min时,PET转化率达到100%.动力学分析表明,光热催化PET醇解的活化能为59.35 k Jmol-1,低于大多文献报道值(通常>70 k J mol-1),更重要的是,其活化能也与热催化PET醇解的活化能(61.04 k Jmol-1)相近反应.上述结果表明,c-ZIF-8@25SiO_(2)纳米颗粒光热催化PET醇解和热催化PET醇解的反应路径可能是相同的,因此排除了光化学活化在光热催化中的贡献.此外,这种SiO_(2)包覆层也使内部催化剂具有较高的稳定性,其中PET转化率和对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯产率在5次循环后分别保持在初始值的98%和95%.在室外太阳光照射下进行PET醇解实验以及从混合塑料中选择性回收PET,进一步证明了c-ZIF-8@25SiO_(2)在光热催化PET醇解方面具有较好的用前景.技术经济分析表明,每回收1万吨PET,选择光热催化可节电6390000 k W·h,减少3089.59吨CO_(2)排放.综上,本文策略为增强光热催化中的局部加热效应提供了一种普适性方法,为构筑高效塑料回收提供理论指导及实验参考.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51672056 and 51702063)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang(LC2018004)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630340)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(HEUCFD201732)
文摘Lithium/potassium ion capacitors(LICs/PICs) have been proposed to bridge the performance gap between high-energy batteries and high-power capacitors.However,their development is hindered by the choice,electrochemical performance,and preparation technique of the battery-type anode materials.Herein,a nitrogen and phosphorus dual-doped multilayer graphene(NPG) material is designed and synthesized through an arc discharge process,using low-cost graphite and solid nitrogen and phosphorus sources.When employed as the anode material,NPG exhibits high capacity,remarkable rate capability,and stable cycling performance in both lithium and potassium ion batteries.This excellent electrochemical performance is ascribed to the synergistic effect of nitrogen and phosphorus doping,which enhances the electrochemical conductivity,provides a higher number of ion storage sites,and leads to increased interlayer spacing.Full carbon-based NPG‖LiPF6‖active carbon(AC) LICs and NPG‖KPF6‖AC PICs are assembled and show excellent electrochemical performance,with competitive energy and power densities.This work provides a route for the large-scale production of dual-doped graphene as a universal anode material for high-performance alkali ion batteries and capacitors.
基金supported by the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21571040)the Young Top-Notch Talent of National Ten Thousand Talent Program+1 种基金Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team ProgramFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘It is highly desirable to design and synthesize two-dimensional nanostructured electrode materials with high electrical conductivity,large electrolyte-accessible surface area and more exposed active sites for energy storage applications.Herein,MXene/Co Al-LDH heterostructure has been prepared through electrostatic ordered hetero-assembly of monolayer MXene and edge-rich Co Al-LDH nanosheets in a faceto-face manner on molecular-scale for supercapacitor applications.Benefiting from the unique structure,strong interfacial interaction and synergistic effects between MXene and Co Al-LDH nanosheets,the electrical conductivity and exposed electrolyte-accessible active sites are significantly enhanced.The asprepared MXene/Co Al-LDH-80%(ML-80)film exhibits high volumetric capacity of 2472 C cm-3 in 3 M KOH electrolyte with high rate capability of 70.6%at 20 A g-1.Notably,to the best of our knowledge,the high volumetric capacity is the highest among other previously reported values for supercapacitors in aqueous electrolytes.Furthermore,our asymmetric supercapacitor device fabricated with ML-80 and MXene/graphene composite as cathode and anode,respectively,exhibits impressive volumetric energy density of 85.4 Wh L-1 with impressive cycling stability of 94.4%retention ratio after 30,000 continuous charge/discharge cycles.
文摘Water stored as part of the land surface is lost to evapotranspiration and runoff on different time scales, and the partitioning between these time scales is important for modeling soil water in a climate model. Different time scales are imposed on evapotranspiration primarily because it is derived from different reservoirs with different storage capacities, from the very rapid evaporation of canopy stores to the slow removal by transpiration of rooting zone soil moisture. Runoff likewise ranges in time scale from rapid surface terms to the slower base-flow. The longest time scale losses of water determine the slow variation of soil moisture and hence the longer time scale effects of soil moisture on precipitation. This paper shows with a simple analysis how shifting the partitioning of evapotranspiration between the different reservoirs affects the variability of soil moisture and precipitation. In particular, it is concluded that a shift to shorter time scale reservoirs shifts the variance of precipitation from that which is potentially predictable to unpredictable.
基金the financial support of this study by the Ph.D.Student Research and Innovation Fund of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant number GK6530260034)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:51572052)。
文摘Urea oxidation is a significant reaction for utilizing urea-rich wastewater or human urine as sustainable power sources which can ease the water eutrophication while generate electricity. A direct urea-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell is a new kind of fuel cell employing urea as fuel and hydrogen peroxide as oxidant which possesses a larger cell voltage. Herein, this work tries to promote the kinetics process of urea oxidation by preparing low-cost and high-efficient NiCo2S4 nanowires modified carbon sponge electrode. The carbon sponge used in this work with a similar three-dimensional multi-channel structure to Ni foam, is prepared by carbonizing recycled polyurethane sponge which is also a process of recycling waste. The performance of the prepared catalyst in an alkaline solution is investigated in a three-electrode system.With the introduction of Co element to the catalyst, a reduced initial urea oxidation potential and a high performance are obtained. Furthermore, a direct urea-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell is assembled using the NiCo2S4 nanowires modified carbon sponge anode. Results indicate that the prepared catalyst provides a chance to solve the current problems that hinder the development of urea electrooxidation(high initial urea oxidation potential, low performance, and high electrode costs).
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2010CB428802)the National "Twelfth Five-Year" Plan for Science & Technology Support (No. 2011BAB10B04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51279016 and 41372243)
文摘The preferential flow plays a vital role on the infiltration of irrigation or rainfall. The objective of this study was to quantify preferential flow in the processing of irrigation infiltration in the field scale. Tests of different initial soil water contents and irrigation intensities were conducted using Brilliant Blue FCF（C.I.42090） dye tracer in Luancheng County of the North China Plain. The results showed that the percentages of infiltration by the preferential flow for irrigation depth of 25, 50, and 75 mm were 16.67%, 43.67%, and 34.17%, with 19.72%, 61.42%, 66.64% of dyed areas in the soil profile, respectively, which indicated that preferential flow was enhanced with increasing irrigation intensity, but reduced when the irrigation intensity was over 50 mm. The percentages of preferential flow for 75 and 180 mm previous irrigation producing different initial soil water contents were 23.26% and 18.97%, with 53.23% and 39.94% of dyed areas in the soil profile, respectively. Compared with the 75 mm without previous irrigation, the results indicated that higher initial soil water contents restrained the preferential flow in the field. Therefore, intermittent irrigation and low irrigation intensity patterns, and larger depth of plowing would be suggested to reduce the preferential flow which would increase the soil water utilization efficiency and reduce pollution risk of pesticide and fertilizer to groundwater.
基金The Education and Teaching Research Project of Peking University Health Science Center
文摘Pharmaceutical comprehensive study(PCS) is a new system of experimental teaching in China, which integrates multidisciplinary pharmaceutical knowledge and covers the basic process of new drug discovery. To explore the feasibility of this experiment teaching system and mode, we developed PCS as an elective course. The PCS is designed with two sections: pharmaceutical comprehensive design(PCD) and pharmaceutical comprehensive experiment(PCE). The PCD section includes literature review, comprehensive project design and oral examination. PCE can be divided into four parts: synthesis, quantitative determination, pharmacodynamic evaluation, and formulation and quality determination. Course grade was determined by experimental performance, written report, literature review, new project design and oral examination. The learning interest, experimental ability, theoretical level and literature retrieval ability, team spirit and interpersonal skills have been all significantly improved among students taking this course. A survey was administered at the end of the semester to the enrolled students. The responses were reported as percentages, and the feedback was positive. The course was highly recommended by the teaching inspection committee. This new course plays an important role in developing students’ creativity and comprehensive ability. It could help students understand the focus and features of every secondary discipline, as well as establish scientific and reasonable knowledge system. Most students can better understand the process of drug research after this course.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51702063,51672056)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.LC2018004)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2018M630340,2019T120254)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(No.3072019CF1006)the support from the Starting Research Fund from Harbin Normal University(No.XKB201420)。
文摘MXene-based electrode materials exhibit favorable supercapacitor performance in sulfuric acid due to praised pseudocapacitance charge storage mechanism.However,self-stacking of conventional MXene electrodes severely restricts their electrochemical performance,especially at high loading.Herein,a flexible cross-linked porous Ti3C2Tx-MXene-reduced graphene oxide(Ti3C2Tx-RGO)film is skillfully designed and synthesized by microscopic explosion of graphene oxide(GO)at sudden high te mperature.The generated chamber structure between layers could hold a few of electrolyte,leading to a close-fitting reaction at interlayer and avoiding complex ions transmission paths.The Ti3C2Tx-RGO film displayed a preferable rate performance than that of pure Ti3C2Tx film and a high capacitance of 505 F/g at 2 mV/s.Furthermore,the uniform intralayer structure and unique energy storage process lead to thicknessindependenct electrochemical performances.This work provides a simple and feasible improvement approach for the design of MXene-based electrodes,which can be spread other electrochemical systems limited by ions transport,such as metal ions batteries and catalysis.
基金partially supported by Hong Kong Scholars Programs(No.XJ2019024)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2018M630340,2019T120254)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22075171)。
文摘Aqueous zinc energy storage devices,holding various merits such as high specific capacity and low costs,have attracted extensive attention in recent years.Nevertheless,Zn metal anodes still suffer from a short lifespan and low Coulombic efficiency due to corrosion and side reactions in aqueous electrolytes.In this paper,we construct an artificial Sn inorganic layer on Zn metal anode through a facile strategy of atom exchange.The Sn layer suppresses Zn dendrite growth by facilitating homogeneous Zn plating and stripping during charge and discharge processes.Meanwhile,the Sn protective layer also serves as a physical barrier to decrease Zn corrosion and hydrogen generation.As a result,The Sn-coated anode(Sn|Zn)exhibits a low polarization voltage(~34 mV at 0.5 mAh/cm^(2))after 800 testing hours and displays a smooth and an even surface without corrosion.Moreover,the zinc ion capacitor(Sn|Zn‖activated carbon)is assembled with an enhanced capacity of 42 mAh/g and a capacity retention of 95%after 10,000 cycles at 5 A/g.This work demonstrates a feasible approach for the commercialization of aqueous Zn-based energy storage devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51702063,51672056)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang(LC2018004)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630340,2019T120254)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University。
文摘Sodium ion batteries and capacitors have demonstrated their potential applications for next-generation low-cost energy storage devices.These devices’s rate ability is determined by the fast sodium ion storage behavior in electrode materials.Herein,a defective TiO2@reduced graphene oxide(M-TiO2@rGO)self-supporting foam electrode is constructed via a facile MXene decomposition and graphene oxide self-assembling process.The employment of the MXene parent phase exhibits distinctive advantages,enabling defect engineering,nanoengineering,and fluorine-doped metal oxides.As a result,the M-TiO2@rGO electrode shows a pseudocapacitance-dominated hybrid sodium storage mechanism.The pseudocapacitance-dominated process leads to high capacity,remarkable rate ability,and superior cycling performance.Significantly,an M-TiO2@rGO//Na3 V2(PO4)3 sodium full cell and an M-TiO2@rGO//HPAC sodium ion capacitor are fabricated to demonstrate the promising application of M-TiO2@rGO.The sodium ion battery presents a capacity of 177.1 mAh g-1 at 500 mA g-1 and capacity retention of 74%after 200 cycles.The sodium ion capacitor delivers a maximum energy density of 101.2 Wh kg-1 and a maximum power density of 10,103.7 W kg-1.At 1.0 A g-1,it displays an energy retention of 84.7%after 10,000 cycles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672056)Excellent Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(YQ2019B002)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630307 and 2019T120220)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HEUCFD201732)。
文摘Aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries are very attractive in large-scale storage applications,because they have high safety,low cost and good durability.Nonetheless,their advancements are hindered by a dearth of positive host materials(cathode)due to sluggish diffusion of Zn2+in the solid inorganic frameworks.Here,we report a novel organic electrode material of poly 3,4,9,10-perylentetracarboxylic dianhydride(PPTCDA)/graphene aerogel(GA).The 3D interconnected porous architecture synthesized through a simple solvothermal reaction,where the PPTCDA is homogenously embedded in the GA nanosheets.The self-assembly of PPTCDA/GA coin-type cell will not only significantly improve the durability and extend lifetime of the devices,but also reduce the electronic waste and economic cost.The self-assembled structure does not require the auxiliary electrode and conductive agent to prepare the electrode material,which is a simple method for preparing the coin-type cell and a foundation for the next large-scale production.The PPTCDA/GA delivers a high capacity of≥200 m Ah g^–1 with the voltage of 0.0~1.5 V.After 300 cycles,the capacity retention rate still close to 100%.The discussion on the mechanism of Zn2+intercalation/deintercalation in the PPTCDA/GA electrode is explored by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterizations.The morphology and structure of PPTCDA/GA are examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).
基金supported by the Hong Kong Scholars Programs(XJ2019024)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51702063,51672056)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018 M630340,2019 T120254)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University。
文摘Aqueous Zn-based energy storage devices possess tremendous advantages, such as low cost, high safety,and competitive energy density, due to employing a Zn metal anode and aqueous electrolyte. However,the cycling stability and rate ability of a Zn anode are hindered by Zn dendrite growth and sluggish ion transfer in the electrode/electrolyte interface. Herein, the interfacial properties of Zn anodes are improved through the introduction of a silver(Ag) protective layer, which facilitates uniform Zn deposition and regulates Zn ion transport. As a result, Ag-coated Zn anodes display stable cycling performance(600 h at 1 m A cm^(-2)) and low overpotential(150 mV at 50 mA cm^(-2)after 2000 cycles). The Ag layer in situ electrochemically converts into an AgZn_(3) layer and promotes Zn ion desolvation and threedimensional diffusion processes. Moreover, a Zn-ion capacitor assembled with an Ag-coated Zn anode and active carbon cathode shows a capable cycling lifespan and rate performance. This study provides a feasible strategy for constructing a stabilized and dendrite-free Zn anode for the development of high-performance Zn-based energy storage devices.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51702063 and 51672056)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang(LC2018004)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630340,2019T120254)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University.
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries attract lots of attention due to their high specific capacity,low cost,and environmental friendliness.However,the low sulfur utilization and short cycle life extremely hinder their application.Herein,we design and fabricate a three-dimensional electrode by a simple filtration method to achieve a high-sulfur loading.Biomass porous carbon is employed as a current collector,which not only enhances the electronic transport but also effectively limits the volume expansion of the active material.Meanwhile,an optimized carboxymethyl cellulose binder is chosen.The chemical bonding restricts the shuttle effect,leading to improved electrochemical performance.Under the ultrahigh sulfur load of 28mg/cm2,the high capacity of 18mAh/cm2 is still maintained,and stable cycling performance is obtained.This study demonstrates a viable strategy to develop promising lithium-sulfur batteries with a three-dimensional electrode,which promotes sulfur loading and electrochemical performance.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81202469)Founder of new drug research fund(Grant No.20130527)
文摘Large Hollow nanoparticulate aggregates（LHNAs） based on albumin nanoparticles is a promising technology for developing dry powder inhaler（DPI） with good aerodynamic properties in order to provide a new drug delivery system（DDS） for the treatment of lung disease. Improved understanding of molecular interactions could lead to prepare the DDS rationally. Therefore, this investigation utilized computations and experiments to reveal the mechanisms of budesonide（BUD） interactions with bovine serum albumin（BSA） at the molecular level. The molecular dynamics（MD） simulation revealed that there were three critical stable binding sites of BUD on BSA（P1, P2, P3） mainly by hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond. The energy decomposition of each residue to the whole BUD-BSA complex system in P1-P3 showed that nonpolar residues in or around the binding site played an important role in the binding of BUD to BSA. The molar ratio was close to 3 in preparations in drug-loading efficiency experiment, which was confirmed to the simulation results. The details of the binding sites from computation provided a guideline for the design of the BSA nanoparticles carrying BUD, which was prepared successfully at last. Combination of the MD simulation and experiment as well as the mechanism of the molecular interaction provided a solid theoretical basis for the preparation of BSA-LHNAs for DPI in the future.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572052)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LC2015004)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Special Foundation(2015T80329)the Major Project of Science and Technology of Heilongjiang Province(GA14A101)the Project of Research and Development of Applied Technology of Harbin(2014DB4AG016)
文摘ZnCo_2O_4 nanocluster particles(NCPs) were prepared through a designed hydrothermal method, with the assistance of a surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. The crystalline structure and surface morphology of ZnCo_2O_4 were investigated by XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, and BET analyses. The results of SEM and TEM suggest a clear nanocluster particle structure of cubic ZnCo_2O_4(*100 nm in diameter), which consists of aggregated primary nanoparticles(*10 nm in diameter), is achieved. The electrochemical behavior of synthesized ZnCo_2O_4 NCPs was investigated by galvanostatic discharge/charge measurements and cyclic voltammetry. The ZnCo_2O_4 NCPs exhibit a high reversible capacity of 700 mAh g^(-1) over 100 cycles under a current density of 100 mA g^(-1) with an excellent coulombic efficiency of 98.9% and a considerable cycling stability. This work demonstrates a facile technique designed to synthesize ZnCo_2O_4 NCPs which show great potential as anode materials for lithium ion batteries.
