Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn.is a common perennial ornamental herb in Northeast China due to its strong cold-resistance capacity.In this study,integrative analyses of metabolomics and transcriptomics data were performe...Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn.is a common perennial ornamental herb in Northeast China due to its strong cold-resistance capacity.In this study,integrative analyses of metabolomics and transcriptomics data were performed on five cultivars of I.sanguinea with varying petal colors to elucidate the molecular basis underlying petal pigmentation.The metabolomics data revealed that a total of five major anthocyanins were responsible for petal pigmentation in I.sanguinea.While two delphinidin-3-O-glucoside derivatives contributed to blue coloration in petals,two petunidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside derivatives exhibited significantly higher abundances in the deep pink petals.In addition,transcriptomics revealed a gradual increase in the expression of a large set of genes involved in flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways,corresponding to the varying levels of anthocyanin content among cultivar petals.Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis further led to the discovery of molecular modules controlling petal pigmentation,in which an R2R3 MYB transcription factor IsMYBL1 was found to be associated with the accumulation of key anthocyanin derivatives,it localized to the nucleus.The regulatory role of IsMYBL1 in anthocyanin accumulation has been validated through overexpressing in tobacco and knockdown in I.sanguinea using an improved virusinduced gene silencing(VIGS)approach.Finally,BiFC and Y2H showed that IsMYBL1 interacts with IsEGL3 and IsTTG1 to activate the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis,Yeast one-hybrid,dual-luciferase assays,showed that IsMYBL1 significantly increased anthocyanin contents in I.sanguinea by promoting the expression of IsANS,thereby promoting anthocyanin accumulation.Taken together,our study has provided a comprehensive molecular profiling of petal coloration in I.sanguinea and revealed key gene/metabolite networks that determine petal pigmentation.展开更多
Urbanization has resulted in a significant degra-dation of soil quality,subjecting plants to persistent abiotic stressors such as heavy metal pollution,salinization,and drought.UDP-glycosyltransferases(UGTs)participat...Urbanization has resulted in a significant degra-dation of soil quality,subjecting plants to persistent abiotic stressors such as heavy metal pollution,salinization,and drought.UDP-glycosyltransferases(UGTs)participate in protein glycosylation,secondary metabolite synthesis,and detoxification of exogenous toxic substances.Iris sanguinea Donn ex Hornem exhibits a high degree of resistance to various abiotic stressors.To enhance the plant’s response to adversity,a novel glycosyltransferase belonging to the UGT78 family,encoding flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase(UF3GT),was cloned from the monocot species I.san-guinea.Compared with the control group,overexpression of IsUGT78 enhanced sensitivity to cadmium stress,while showing no significant impact under NaCl and d-sorbitol treatments.Under cadmium treatment,arabidopsis exoge-nously transformed with the IsUGT78 gene possessed lower germination,fresh weight,root length,and chlorophyll con-tent and increased malondialdehyde content than the wild type arabidopsis.In addition,metabolomics in leaves led to the identification of 299 flavonoid metabolites,eight and 127 which were significantly up-and down-regulated,respec-tively,in the transgenic plants.Of note,all eight upregulated flavonoid compounds were glycosylated.Given that arabi-dopsis,which exogenously expresses the IsUGT78 gene,has reduced resistance to cadmium,IsUGT78 may lead to a reduced ability to cope with cadmium stress.展开更多
A numerical study has been conducted to simulate the liquid/gas interface(meniscus) behaviors and capillary pressures in various capillary channels using the volume of fluid(VOF) method. Calculations are performed for...A numerical study has been conducted to simulate the liquid/gas interface(meniscus) behaviors and capillary pressures in various capillary channels using the volume of fluid(VOF) method. Calculations are performed for four channels whose cross-sectional shapes are circle, regular hexagon, square and equilateral triangle and for four solid/liquid contact angles of 30°, 60°, 120° and 150°. No calculation is needed for the contact angle of 90° because the liquid/gas interface in this case can be thought to be a plane surface. In the calculations, the liquid/gas interface in each channel is assumed to have a flat surface at the initial time, it changes towards its due shape thereafter, which is induced by the combined action of the surface tension and contact angle. After experiencing a period of damped oscillation, it stabilizes at a certain geometry. The interface dynamics and capillary pressures are compared among different channels under three categories including the equal inscribed circle radius, equal area, and equal circumscribed circle radius. The capillary pressure in the circular channel obtained from the simulation agrees well with that given by the Young–Laplace equation, supporting the reliability of the numerical model. The channels with equal inscribed circle radius yield the closest capillary pressures, while those with equal circumscribed circle radius give the most scattered capillary pressures,with those with equal area living in between. A correlation is developed to calculate the equivalent radius of a polygonal channel, which can be used to compute the capillary pressure in such a channel by combination with the Young–Laplace equation.展开更多
Solid phase gene extraction(SPGE)was developed for in situ and rapid RNA extraction to enable the quantifi-cation of gene expression(Scherp and Hasenstein 2008).By inserting a pretreated probe directly into plant cell...Solid phase gene extraction(SPGE)was developed for in situ and rapid RNA extraction to enable the quantifi-cation of gene expression(Scherp and Hasenstein 2008).By inserting a pretreated probe directly into plant cells or tissues,it allowed fast RNA extraction that is suitable for spatiotemporal profiling of gene expression and fast screening of transformants during the process of devel-oping genetically modified plants(Nestorova et al.2017;Hasenstein et al.2023).展开更多
Many important crops(e.g.,tuber,root,and tree crops)are cross-pollinating.For these crops,no inbred lines are available for genetic study and breeding because they are self-incompatible,clonally propagated,or have a l...Many important crops(e.g.,tuber,root,and tree crops)are cross-pollinating.For these crops,no inbred lines are available for genetic study and breeding because they are self-incompatible,clonally propagated,or have a long generation time,making the identification of agronomically important genes difficult,particularly in crops with a complex autopolyploid genome.In this study,we developed a method,OutcrossSeq,for mapping agronomically important loci in outcrossing crops based on whole-genome low-coverage resequencing of a large genetic population,and designed three computation algorithms in OutcrossSeq for different types of outcrossing populations.We applied OutcrossSeq to a tuberous root crop(sweet potato,autopolyploid),a tree crop(walnut tree,highly heterozygous diploid),and hybrid crops(double-cross populations)to generate high-density genotype maps for the outcrossing populations,which enable precise identification of genomic loci underlying important agronomic traits.Candidate causative genes at these loci were detected based on functional clues.Taken together,our results indicate that OutcrossSeq is a robust and powerful method for identifying agronomically important genes in heterozygous species,including polyploids,in a cost-efficient way.The OutcrossSeq software and its instruction manual are available for downloading at www.xhhuanglab.cn/tool/OutcrossSeq.html.展开更多
Research on the laser ablation behavior of SiC ceramics has great significance for the improvement of their anti-laser ability as high-performance mirrors in space and lasers, or the laser surface micro-machining tech...Research on the laser ablation behavior of SiC ceramics has great significance for the improvement of their anti-laser ability as high-performance mirrors in space and lasers, or the laser surface micro-machining technology as electronic components in micro-electron mechanical systems (MEMS). In this work, the laser ablation of SiC ceramics has been performed by using laser pulses of 12 ns duration at 1064 nm. The laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) below 0.1 J/cm(2) was obtained by 1-on-1 mode and its damage morphology appeared in the form of 'burning crater' with a clear boundary. Micro-Raman mapping technique was first introduced in our study on the laser ablation mechanisms of SiC surface by identifying physical and chemical changes between uninjured and laser-ablated areas. It has been concluded that during the ablation process, SiC surface mainly underwent decomposition to the elemental Si and C, accompanied by some transformation of crystal orientation. The oxidation of SiC also took place but only in small amount on the edges of target region, while there was no hint of SiO2 in the center with higher energy density, maybe because of deficiency of O-2 atmosphere in the ablated area, elimination of SiO2 by carbon at 1505 degrees C, or evaporating at 2230 degrees C.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(Grant No.31670344)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2572023CT18)the Natural Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.LH2020C044).
文摘Iris sanguinea Donn ex Horn.is a common perennial ornamental herb in Northeast China due to its strong cold-resistance capacity.In this study,integrative analyses of metabolomics and transcriptomics data were performed on five cultivars of I.sanguinea with varying petal colors to elucidate the molecular basis underlying petal pigmentation.The metabolomics data revealed that a total of five major anthocyanins were responsible for petal pigmentation in I.sanguinea.While two delphinidin-3-O-glucoside derivatives contributed to blue coloration in petals,two petunidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside derivatives exhibited significantly higher abundances in the deep pink petals.In addition,transcriptomics revealed a gradual increase in the expression of a large set of genes involved in flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways,corresponding to the varying levels of anthocyanin content among cultivar petals.Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis further led to the discovery of molecular modules controlling petal pigmentation,in which an R2R3 MYB transcription factor IsMYBL1 was found to be associated with the accumulation of key anthocyanin derivatives,it localized to the nucleus.The regulatory role of IsMYBL1 in anthocyanin accumulation has been validated through overexpressing in tobacco and knockdown in I.sanguinea using an improved virusinduced gene silencing(VIGS)approach.Finally,BiFC and Y2H showed that IsMYBL1 interacts with IsEGL3 and IsTTG1 to activate the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis,Yeast one-hybrid,dual-luciferase assays,showed that IsMYBL1 significantly increased anthocyanin contents in I.sanguinea by promoting the expression of IsANS,thereby promoting anthocyanin accumulation.Taken together,our study has provided a comprehensive molecular profiling of petal coloration in I.sanguinea and revealed key gene/metabolite networks that determine petal pigmentation.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(2019FY100500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572023CT18)the National Science Foundation(31670344).
文摘Urbanization has resulted in a significant degra-dation of soil quality,subjecting plants to persistent abiotic stressors such as heavy metal pollution,salinization,and drought.UDP-glycosyltransferases(UGTs)participate in protein glycosylation,secondary metabolite synthesis,and detoxification of exogenous toxic substances.Iris sanguinea Donn ex Hornem exhibits a high degree of resistance to various abiotic stressors.To enhance the plant’s response to adversity,a novel glycosyltransferase belonging to the UGT78 family,encoding flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase(UF3GT),was cloned from the monocot species I.san-guinea.Compared with the control group,overexpression of IsUGT78 enhanced sensitivity to cadmium stress,while showing no significant impact under NaCl and d-sorbitol treatments.Under cadmium treatment,arabidopsis exoge-nously transformed with the IsUGT78 gene possessed lower germination,fresh weight,root length,and chlorophyll con-tent and increased malondialdehyde content than the wild type arabidopsis.In addition,metabolomics in leaves led to the identification of 299 flavonoid metabolites,eight and 127 which were significantly up-and down-regulated,respec-tively,in the transgenic plants.Of note,all eight upregulated flavonoid compounds were glycosylated.Given that arabi-dopsis,which exogenously expresses the IsUGT78 gene,has reduced resistance to cadmium,IsUGT78 may lead to a reduced ability to cope with cadmium stress.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51376103)
文摘A numerical study has been conducted to simulate the liquid/gas interface(meniscus) behaviors and capillary pressures in various capillary channels using the volume of fluid(VOF) method. Calculations are performed for four channels whose cross-sectional shapes are circle, regular hexagon, square and equilateral triangle and for four solid/liquid contact angles of 30°, 60°, 120° and 150°. No calculation is needed for the contact angle of 90° because the liquid/gas interface in this case can be thought to be a plane surface. In the calculations, the liquid/gas interface in each channel is assumed to have a flat surface at the initial time, it changes towards its due shape thereafter, which is induced by the combined action of the surface tension and contact angle. After experiencing a period of damped oscillation, it stabilizes at a certain geometry. The interface dynamics and capillary pressures are compared among different channels under three categories including the equal inscribed circle radius, equal area, and equal circumscribed circle radius. The capillary pressure in the circular channel obtained from the simulation agrees well with that given by the Young–Laplace equation, supporting the reliability of the numerical model. The channels with equal inscribed circle radius yield the closest capillary pressures, while those with equal circumscribed circle radius give the most scattered capillary pressures,with those with equal area living in between. A correlation is developed to calculate the equivalent radius of a polygonal channel, which can be used to compute the capillary pressure in such a channel by combination with the Young–Laplace equation.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(31670344)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572023CT18)+3 种基金the Natural Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province(LH2020C044)National Science Foundation,31670344Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,2572023CT18Natural Fund Project of Heilongjiang Province,LH2020C044。
文摘Solid phase gene extraction(SPGE)was developed for in situ and rapid RNA extraction to enable the quantifi-cation of gene expression(Scherp and Hasenstein 2008).By inserting a pretreated probe directly into plant cells or tissues,it allowed fast RNA extraction that is suitable for spatiotemporal profiling of gene expression and fast screening of transformants during the process of devel-oping genetically modified plants(Nestorova et al.2017;Hasenstein et al.2023).
基金We are grateful to Prof.Lars M.Steinmetz for the Tn5 plasmid.This work was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFD0100902 to X.H.,2018YFD1000701 and 2019YFD1000703 to J.Y.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31825015 to X.H.)+4 种基金the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(18XD1402900 to X.H.)the Innovation Program of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2017-01-07-00-02-E00039 to X.H.)the Shanghai Municipal Afforestation&City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation Administration(G182402,G192413,G192414,and G202402 to J.Y.)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(to J.Y.)the State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding support Program(CAFYBB2019ZY001 to D.P.).
文摘Many important crops(e.g.,tuber,root,and tree crops)are cross-pollinating.For these crops,no inbred lines are available for genetic study and breeding because they are self-incompatible,clonally propagated,or have a long generation time,making the identification of agronomically important genes difficult,particularly in crops with a complex autopolyploid genome.In this study,we developed a method,OutcrossSeq,for mapping agronomically important loci in outcrossing crops based on whole-genome low-coverage resequencing of a large genetic population,and designed three computation algorithms in OutcrossSeq for different types of outcrossing populations.We applied OutcrossSeq to a tuberous root crop(sweet potato,autopolyploid),a tree crop(walnut tree,highly heterozygous diploid),and hybrid crops(double-cross populations)to generate high-density genotype maps for the outcrossing populations,which enable precise identification of genomic loci underlying important agronomic traits.Candidate causative genes at these loci were detected based on functional clues.Taken together,our results indicate that OutcrossSeq is a robust and powerful method for identifying agronomically important genes in heterozygous species,including polyploids,in a cost-efficient way.The OutcrossSeq software and its instruction manual are available for downloading at www.xhhuanglab.cn/tool/OutcrossSeq.html.
基金funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Research on the laser ablation behavior of SiC ceramics has great significance for the improvement of their anti-laser ability as high-performance mirrors in space and lasers, or the laser surface micro-machining technology as electronic components in micro-electron mechanical systems (MEMS). In this work, the laser ablation of SiC ceramics has been performed by using laser pulses of 12 ns duration at 1064 nm. The laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) below 0.1 J/cm(2) was obtained by 1-on-1 mode and its damage morphology appeared in the form of 'burning crater' with a clear boundary. Micro-Raman mapping technique was first introduced in our study on the laser ablation mechanisms of SiC surface by identifying physical and chemical changes between uninjured and laser-ablated areas. It has been concluded that during the ablation process, SiC surface mainly underwent decomposition to the elemental Si and C, accompanied by some transformation of crystal orientation. The oxidation of SiC also took place but only in small amount on the edges of target region, while there was no hint of SiO2 in the center with higher energy density, maybe because of deficiency of O-2 atmosphere in the ablated area, elimination of SiO2 by carbon at 1505 degrees C, or evaporating at 2230 degrees C.
