Lithium metal is one of the most promising anodes for lithium batteries because of their high theoretical specific capacity and the low electrochemical potential.However,the commercialization of lithium metal anodes(L...Lithium metal is one of the most promising anodes for lithium batteries because of their high theoretical specific capacity and the low electrochemical potential.However,the commercialization of lithium metal anodes(LMAs)is facing significant obstacles,such as uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth and unstable solid electrolyte interface,leading to inferior Coulombic efficiency,unsatisfactory cycling stability and even serious safety issues.Introducing low-cost natural clay-based materials(NCBMs)in LMAs is deemed as one of the most effective methods to solve aforementioned issues.These NCBMs have received considerable attention for stabilizing LMAs due to their unique structure,large specific surface areas,abundant surface groups,high mechanical strength,excellent thermal stability,and environmental friendliness.Considering the rapidly growing research enthusiasm for this topic in the last several years,here,we review the recent progress on the application of NCBMs in stable and dendrite-free LMAs.The different structures and modification methods of natural clays are first summarized.In addition,the relationship between their modification methods and nano/microstructures,as well as their impact on the electrochemical properties of LMAs are systematically discussed.Finally,the current challenges and opportunities for application of NCBMs in stable LMAs are also proposed to facilitate their further development.展开更多
BACKGROUND： There are two hypotheses for the underlying cause of refractory epilepsy： ＂target＂ and ＂transport＂. Studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） is over-expressed in refractory ...BACKGROUND： There are two hypotheses for the underlying cause of refractory epilepsy： ＂target＂ and ＂transport＂. Studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） is over-expressed in refractory epilepsy. Multidrug resistance 1 （MDR1） gene encodes for P-glycoprotein, the primary ATP-binding cassette transporter in the human body. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms of the MDR1 gene have been associated with refractory epilepsy. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the association between BDNF gene C270T polymorphism and MDR1 T-129C polymorphism with refractory epilepsy in Chinese Han children through the use of polymerase chain reaction （PCR）-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A case-control, genetic association study was performed at the Central Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from June 2005 to November 2007. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 84 cases of unrelated children with epilepsy, including 41 cases of refractory epilepsy and 43 cases of drug-responsive epilepsy, were enrolled. An additional 30 healthy, Chinese Han children, whose ages and gender matched the refractory epilepsy patients, were selected as normal controls. METHODS： Venous blood was collected and genomic DNA was extracted from the blood specimens. C270T polymorphism in BDNF gene and T-129C polymorphism in MDR1 gene were genotyped using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Association analysis using the Ftest and Chi-square test was statistically performed between C270T polymorphism in BDNF gene and T-129C polymorphism in MDR1 gene and refractory epilepsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies of C270T polymorphism in BDNF gene and T-129C polymorphism in MDR1 gene. RESULTS： The distribution of CC, CT, and TT genotypes, as well as C and T allele frequencies, in the BDNF gene was not significantly different between the refractory epilepsy group, drug-responsive epilepsy group, or the normal control group （P 〉 0.05）. The distribution of TT genotype and T allele frequencies of the MDR1 gene was significantly different in the refractory epilepsy group compared with the drug-responsive epilepsy and normal control groups （P 〈 0.05）. Comparison of haplotype combinations demonstrated that there were no significant differences in combinations of TT＋CC, -FI-＋CT, TC＋CC, and TC＋CT among the three groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： C270T polymorphism of the BDNF gene was not associated with refractory epilepsy in Chinese Han children, but T-129C polymorphism in the MDR1 gene was associated with refractory epilepsy in Chinese Han children. The TT genotype and T allele frequencies could serve as susceptibility loci for refractory epilepsy. Interactions between C270T in BDNF gene and T-129C in MDR1 gene were not observed in refractory epilepsy in Chinese Han children.展开更多
Alkali metals(Li,Na,and K)are promising candidates for high-performance rechargeable alkali metal battery anodes due to their high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,the actual app...Alkali metals(Li,Na,and K)are promising candidates for high-performance rechargeable alkali metal battery anodes due to their high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,the actual application of alkali metal anodes is impeded by the challenges of alkali metals,including their high chemical reactivity,uncontrolled dendrite growth,unstable solid electrolyte interphase,and infinite volume expansion during cycling processes.Introducing carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials in alkali metal anodesis an effective solution to these issues.These nanomaterials have attracted widespread attention owing to their unique properties,such as their high specific surface area,superior electronic conductivity,and excellent mechanical stability.Considering the rapidly growing research enthusiasm for this topic in the last several years,we review recent progress on the application of carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials in stable and dendrite-free alkali metal anodes.The merits and issues of alkali metal anodes,as well as their stabilizing strategies are summarized.Furthermore,the relationships among methods of synthesis,nano-or microstructures,and electrochemical properties of carbon nanotube-based alkali metal anodes are systematically discussed.In addition,advanced characterization technologies on the reaction mechanism of carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials in alkali metal anodes are also reviewed.Finally,the challenges and prospects for future study and applications of carbon nanotube-based AMAs in high-performance alkali metal batteries are discussed.展开更多
The correlation between -94 G/A polymorphism in the dopamine D1 receptor gone and schizophrenia remains poorly understood despite extensive research. This study sought to evaluate the genotypes and allele frequencies ...The correlation between -94 G/A polymorphism in the dopamine D1 receptor gone and schizophrenia remains poorly understood despite extensive research. This study sought to evaluate the genotypes and allele frequencies of the -94 G/A polymorphism in the dopamine D1 receptor gone by real-time PCR using TaqMan fluorescent probes. One hundred and sixty-two patients with schizophrenia and 101 healthy controls living in Shandong province of China were evaluated. Experimental results showed that the G/A genotype distribution was significantly higher in the schizophrenia patients than in healthy controls. The frequencies of G allele and A allele were not significantly different between the schizophrenia patients and the controls. Thus, the -94 G/A polymorphism in the dopamine D1 receptor gone was found to be associated with schizophrenia in a Chinese Han population from Shandong province.展开更多
教育游戏的研究者发现,教育游戏中添加教学策略或学习支架能够帮助学生建立游戏和学科知识之间的联系,可以有效发挥游戏的教育价值,提高学生的学习效果和学习体验。本研究在梳理学习支架理论的基础上,针对"The Tiny Bang Story&qu...教育游戏的研究者发现,教育游戏中添加教学策略或学习支架能够帮助学生建立游戏和学科知识之间的联系,可以有效发挥游戏的教育价值,提高学生的学习效果和学习体验。本研究在梳理学习支架理论的基础上,针对"The Tiny Bang Story"游戏设计了两种不同强度的任务支架,以研究强度不同的任务支架对不同认知风格学生的学习动机和沉浸感的影响。研究发现:任务强度不同的学习支架对不同认知风格学生的学习动机和沉浸感的影响存在显著差异;场依存型学生的学习动机和沉浸感会随任务支架强度的增加而提升;场独立型学生的学习动机随任务支架强度的增加没有显著性变化,反而沉浸感会随任务支架强度的增加呈现先升后降的正三角趋势。展开更多
Transition metal tungstate-based nanomaterials have become one of the research hotspots in electrochemistry due to their abundant natural resources,low costs,and environmental friendliness.Extensive studies have demon...Transition metal tungstate-based nanomaterials have become one of the research hotspots in electrochemistry due to their abundant natural resources,low costs,and environmental friendliness.Extensive studies have demonstrated their significant potentials for electrochemical applications,such as supercapacitors,Li-ion batteries,Na-ion batteries,electrochemical sensing,and electrocatalysis.Considering the rapidly growing research enthusiasm for this topic over the last several years,herein,a critical review of recent progress on the application of transition metal tungstates and their composites for electrochemical applications is summarized.The relationships between synthetic methods,nano/micro structures and electrochemical properties are systematically discussed.Finally,their promising prospects for future development are also proposed.It is anticipated that this review will inspire ongoing interest in rational designing and fabricating novel transition metal tungstate-based nanomaterials for high-performance electrochemical devices.展开更多
基金supported by the Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project(No.232102241006)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFB1713500)+2 种基金Opening Project of National Joint Engineering Research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials&Henan Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural and Functional Materials,Henan University of Science and Technology(No.HKDNM2019013)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Refractories(No.SKLAR202210)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province(No.221100230200)。
文摘Lithium metal is one of the most promising anodes for lithium batteries because of their high theoretical specific capacity and the low electrochemical potential.However,the commercialization of lithium metal anodes(LMAs)is facing significant obstacles,such as uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth and unstable solid electrolyte interface,leading to inferior Coulombic efficiency,unsatisfactory cycling stability and even serious safety issues.Introducing low-cost natural clay-based materials(NCBMs)in LMAs is deemed as one of the most effective methods to solve aforementioned issues.These NCBMs have received considerable attention for stabilizing LMAs due to their unique structure,large specific surface areas,abundant surface groups,high mechanical strength,excellent thermal stability,and environmental friendliness.Considering the rapidly growing research enthusiasm for this topic in the last several years,here,we review the recent progress on the application of NCBMs in stable and dendrite-free LMAs.The different structures and modification methods of natural clays are first summarized.In addition,the relationship between their modification methods and nano/microstructures,as well as their impact on the electrochemical properties of LMAs are systematically discussed.Finally,the current challenges and opportunities for application of NCBMs in stable LMAs are also proposed to facilitate their further development.
基金the Doctoral Foundation of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,No. 2005-08
文摘BACKGROUND： There are two hypotheses for the underlying cause of refractory epilepsy： ＂target＂ and ＂transport＂. Studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） is over-expressed in refractory epilepsy. Multidrug resistance 1 （MDR1） gene encodes for P-glycoprotein, the primary ATP-binding cassette transporter in the human body. Some single nucleotide polymorphisms of the MDR1 gene have been associated with refractory epilepsy. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the association between BDNF gene C270T polymorphism and MDR1 T-129C polymorphism with refractory epilepsy in Chinese Han children through the use of polymerase chain reaction （PCR）-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A case-control, genetic association study was performed at the Central Laboratory, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from June 2005 to November 2007. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 84 cases of unrelated children with epilepsy, including 41 cases of refractory epilepsy and 43 cases of drug-responsive epilepsy, were enrolled. An additional 30 healthy, Chinese Han children, whose ages and gender matched the refractory epilepsy patients, were selected as normal controls. METHODS： Venous blood was collected and genomic DNA was extracted from the blood specimens. C270T polymorphism in BDNF gene and T-129C polymorphism in MDR1 gene were genotyped using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Association analysis using the Ftest and Chi-square test was statistically performed between C270T polymorphism in BDNF gene and T-129C polymorphism in MDR1 gene and refractory epilepsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies of C270T polymorphism in BDNF gene and T-129C polymorphism in MDR1 gene. RESULTS： The distribution of CC, CT, and TT genotypes, as well as C and T allele frequencies, in the BDNF gene was not significantly different between the refractory epilepsy group, drug-responsive epilepsy group, or the normal control group （P 〉 0.05）. The distribution of TT genotype and T allele frequencies of the MDR1 gene was significantly different in the refractory epilepsy group compared with the drug-responsive epilepsy and normal control groups （P 〈 0.05）. Comparison of haplotype combinations demonstrated that there were no significant differences in combinations of TT＋CC, -FI-＋CT, TC＋CC, and TC＋CT among the three groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION： C270T polymorphism of the BDNF gene was not associated with refractory epilepsy in Chinese Han children, but T-129C polymorphism in the MDR1 gene was associated with refractory epilepsy in Chinese Han children. The TT genotype and T allele frequencies could serve as susceptibility loci for refractory epilepsy. Interactions between C270T in BDNF gene and T-129C in MDR1 gene were not observed in refractory epilepsy in Chinese Han children.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB1713500)the Chinese 02 Special Fund(2017ZX02408003)+1 种基金Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Refractories(SKLAR202210)the Foundation of Department of Science and Technology of Henan Province(212102210219).
文摘Alkali metals(Li,Na,and K)are promising candidates for high-performance rechargeable alkali metal battery anodes due to their high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential.However,the actual application of alkali metal anodes is impeded by the challenges of alkali metals,including their high chemical reactivity,uncontrolled dendrite growth,unstable solid electrolyte interphase,and infinite volume expansion during cycling processes.Introducing carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials in alkali metal anodesis an effective solution to these issues.These nanomaterials have attracted widespread attention owing to their unique properties,such as their high specific surface area,superior electronic conductivity,and excellent mechanical stability.Considering the rapidly growing research enthusiasm for this topic in the last several years,we review recent progress on the application of carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials in stable and dendrite-free alkali metal anodes.The merits and issues of alkali metal anodes,as well as their stabilizing strategies are summarized.Furthermore,the relationships among methods of synthesis,nano-or microstructures,and electrochemical properties of carbon nanotube-based alkali metal anodes are systematically discussed.In addition,advanced characterization technologies on the reaction mechanism of carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials in alkali metal anodes are also reviewed.Finally,the challenges and prospects for future study and applications of carbon nanotube-based AMAs in high-performance alkali metal batteries are discussed.
基金the Scientific Foundation of Shandong Population and Family Planning, No. 2006-7
文摘The correlation between -94 G/A polymorphism in the dopamine D1 receptor gone and schizophrenia remains poorly understood despite extensive research. This study sought to evaluate the genotypes and allele frequencies of the -94 G/A polymorphism in the dopamine D1 receptor gone by real-time PCR using TaqMan fluorescent probes. One hundred and sixty-two patients with schizophrenia and 101 healthy controls living in Shandong province of China were evaluated. Experimental results showed that the G/A genotype distribution was significantly higher in the schizophrenia patients than in healthy controls. The frequencies of G allele and A allele were not significantly different between the schizophrenia patients and the controls. Thus, the -94 G/A polymorphism in the dopamine D1 receptor gone was found to be associated with schizophrenia in a Chinese Han population from Shandong province.
文摘教育游戏的研究者发现,教育游戏中添加教学策略或学习支架能够帮助学生建立游戏和学科知识之间的联系,可以有效发挥游戏的教育价值,提高学生的学习效果和学习体验。本研究在梳理学习支架理论的基础上,针对"The Tiny Bang Story"游戏设计了两种不同强度的任务支架,以研究强度不同的任务支架对不同认知风格学生的学习动机和沉浸感的影响。研究发现:任务强度不同的学习支架对不同认知风格学生的学习动机和沉浸感的影响存在显著差异;场依存型学生的学习动机和沉浸感会随任务支架强度的增加而提升;场独立型学生的学习动机随任务支架强度的增加没有显著性变化,反而沉浸感会随任务支架强度的增加呈现先升后降的正三角趋势。
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFB1713500)the Opening Project of National Joint Engineering Research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials&Henan Key Laboratory of High-temperature Structural and Functional Materials,Henan University of Science and Technology(No.HKDNM2019013)+1 种基金the Student Research Training Plan of Henan University of Science and Technology(Nos.2021026 and 2021035)the Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Henan Province(No.S202110464005).
文摘Transition metal tungstate-based nanomaterials have become one of the research hotspots in electrochemistry due to their abundant natural resources,low costs,and environmental friendliness.Extensive studies have demonstrated their significant potentials for electrochemical applications,such as supercapacitors,Li-ion batteries,Na-ion batteries,electrochemical sensing,and electrocatalysis.Considering the rapidly growing research enthusiasm for this topic over the last several years,herein,a critical review of recent progress on the application of transition metal tungstates and their composites for electrochemical applications is summarized.The relationships between synthetic methods,nano/micro structures and electrochemical properties are systematically discussed.Finally,their promising prospects for future development are also proposed.It is anticipated that this review will inspire ongoing interest in rational designing and fabricating novel transition metal tungstate-based nanomaterials for high-performance electrochemical devices.
