Oral microbiota is the second largest microbial colony in the body and forms a complex ecological community that influences oral and brain health.Impaired homeostasis of the oral microbiota can lead to pathological ch...Oral microbiota is the second largest microbial colony in the body and forms a complex ecological community that influences oral and brain health.Impaired homeostasis of the oral microbiota can lead to pathological changes,resulting in central nervous system(CNS)diseases.However,the mechanisms and clinical value of how the oral microbiome influences the brain remain unclear.This review summarizes recent clinical findings on the role of the oral microbiota in CNS diseases and proposes potential approaches to understand the way the oral microbiota and brain communicate.We propose three underlying patterns involving neuroinflammation,neuroendocrine regulation,and CNS signaling between oral microbiota and CNS diseases.We also summarize the clinical characteristics and potential utilization of the oral microbiota in ischemic stroke,Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease,intracranial aneurysms,and mental disorders.Although the current findings are preliminary and clinical evidence is incomplete,oral microbiota is a potential biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases.展开更多
The generation of induced tissue-specific stem cells has been hampered by the lack of well-established methods for the maintenance of pure tissue-specific stem cells like the ones we have for embryonic stem （ES） cel...The generation of induced tissue-specific stem cells has been hampered by the lack of well-established methods for the maintenance of pure tissue-specific stem cells like the ones we have for embryonic stem （ES） cell cultures. Using a cocktail of cytokines and small molecules, we dem- onstrate that primitive neural stem （NS） cells derived from mouse ES cells and rat embryos can be maintained. Furthermore, using the same set of cytokines and small molecules, we show that induced NS （iNS） cells can be generated from rat fibroblasts by forced expression of the transcrip- tional factors Oct4, Sox2 and c-Myc. The generation and long-term maintenance of iNS cells could have wide and momentous implications.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82301715Wuxi Taihu Lake Talent Plan,Supports for Leading Talents in Medical and Health Profession,Grant/Award Number:2020THRC-DJ-SNW+1 种基金Jiangsu Province Double-Creation Doctoral Talent Plan,Grant/Award Number:JSSCBS20221995WuXi Municipal Health Commission,Grant/Award Number:Q202222。
文摘Oral microbiota is the second largest microbial colony in the body and forms a complex ecological community that influences oral and brain health.Impaired homeostasis of the oral microbiota can lead to pathological changes,resulting in central nervous system(CNS)diseases.However,the mechanisms and clinical value of how the oral microbiome influences the brain remain unclear.This review summarizes recent clinical findings on the role of the oral microbiota in CNS diseases and proposes potential approaches to understand the way the oral microbiota and brain communicate.We propose three underlying patterns involving neuroinflammation,neuroendocrine regulation,and CNS signaling between oral microbiota and CNS diseases.We also summarize the clinical characteristics and potential utilization of the oral microbiota in ischemic stroke,Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease,intracranial aneurysms,and mental disorders.Although the current findings are preliminary and clinical evidence is incomplete,oral microbiota is a potential biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CNS diseases.
基金supported by USC startup fund to QLY and in part by NIH(Grant No.R01OD010926) to QLY
文摘The generation of induced tissue-specific stem cells has been hampered by the lack of well-established methods for the maintenance of pure tissue-specific stem cells like the ones we have for embryonic stem （ES） cell cultures. Using a cocktail of cytokines and small molecules, we dem- onstrate that primitive neural stem （NS） cells derived from mouse ES cells and rat embryos can be maintained. Furthermore, using the same set of cytokines and small molecules, we show that induced NS （iNS） cells can be generated from rat fibroblasts by forced expression of the transcrip- tional factors Oct4, Sox2 and c-Myc. The generation and long-term maintenance of iNS cells could have wide and momentous implications.
