Background: There is evidence that sow heat stress(HS) during gestation affects fetal development with implications for impaired muscle growth. We have previously demonstrated that maternal HS during early to midgesta...Background: There is evidence that sow heat stress(HS) during gestation affects fetal development with implications for impaired muscle growth. We have previously demonstrated that maternal HS during early to midgestation compromised muscle fibre hyperplasia in developing fetal pigs. Thus, we hypothesised these phenotypic changes are associated with a change in expression of genes regulating fetal skeletal muscle development and metabolism. To test this, at d 60 of gestation, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed on fetal longissimus dorsi(LD) muscle biopsies collected from pregnant gilts that had experienced either thermoneutral control(CON, 20 ℃, n = 7 gilts, 18 LD samples) or controlled HS(cyclic 28 to 33 ℃, n = 8 gilts, 23 LD samples)conditions for 3 weeks.Results: A total of 282 genes were differentially expressed between the HS and CON groups in female LD muscles(false discovery rate(FDR) ≤ 0.05), whereas no differentially expressed genes were detected in male LD muscles between the two groups(FDR > 0.05). Gestational HS increased the expression of genes associated with transcription corepressor activity, adipogenesis cascades, negative regulation of angiogenesis and pro-inflammatory signalling in female LD muscles. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a decreased muscle vascularity density in fetuses from HS group for both sexes compared to those from the CON group(P = 0.004).Conclusions: These results reveal gilt HS during early to mid-gestation altered gene expression profiles in fetal LD muscles in a sexually dimorphic manner. The molecular responses, including transcription and angiogenesis repressions and enhanced adipogenesis cascades, were exclusively observed in females. However, the associated reductions in muscle vascularity were observed independently of sexes. Collectively this may indicate female fetal pigs are more adaptive to gestational HS in terms of gene expression changes, and/or there may be sexually dimorphic differences with respect to the timing of muscle molecular responses to gestational HS.展开更多
Spontaneous fermentation is commonly applied to coffee bean processing following harvesting,which can change the chemical composition and physiological properties of coffee beans.However,the impact of spon-taneous fer...Spontaneous fermentation is commonly applied to coffee bean processing following harvesting,which can change the chemical composition and physiological properties of coffee beans.However,the impact of spon-taneous fermentation on the anti-inflammatory properties of coffee extract have yet to be explored.This study investigated phenolic composition,in vitro anti-inflammatory potential,and potential signaling pathways of light-roasted fermented(F)and unfermented(UF)Coffea arabica coffee extracts.Totally 47 phenolic compounds were tentatively characterized through liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS).Of these,24 phenolic compounds identified from the F extract were mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids,while only 5 phenolics were present in the UF.The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.F extract bet-ter protected against LPS-induced cell death and decreased nitric oxide(NO)production after 48 h.For cell morphology,although dendritic differentiation of macrophage cells was alleviated by F extracts,mRNA expression of potential transcriptional factors involved in this process(c-Fos and Socs1)was downregulated early after LPS+coffee extract exposure.After 4 h treatment with F extract,Shp2,Erk1/2,p38 and Cox-2 mRNA expression were downregulated,while Il-10,Sod2,Ccl2,Il-6,and Il-1βmRNA were significantly enhanced.Spontaneous fermentation could assist the release and microbial metabolism of phenolic compounds.The distinct phenolic profile of fermented coffee extract likely contributes to its better anti-inflammatory bioactivity and regulatory effect on cell stress,with potential involvement of the MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways,supporting its potential application as a basis for developing functional coffee products.展开更多
基金partially funded by Australian Pork Limited (APL2017/2216)the Postgraduate Research Scholarship and the Melbourne Research Scholarship from APL and The University of Melbourne,respectively
文摘Background: There is evidence that sow heat stress(HS) during gestation affects fetal development with implications for impaired muscle growth. We have previously demonstrated that maternal HS during early to midgestation compromised muscle fibre hyperplasia in developing fetal pigs. Thus, we hypothesised these phenotypic changes are associated with a change in expression of genes regulating fetal skeletal muscle development and metabolism. To test this, at d 60 of gestation, RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry were performed on fetal longissimus dorsi(LD) muscle biopsies collected from pregnant gilts that had experienced either thermoneutral control(CON, 20 ℃, n = 7 gilts, 18 LD samples) or controlled HS(cyclic 28 to 33 ℃, n = 8 gilts, 23 LD samples)conditions for 3 weeks.Results: A total of 282 genes were differentially expressed between the HS and CON groups in female LD muscles(false discovery rate(FDR) ≤ 0.05), whereas no differentially expressed genes were detected in male LD muscles between the two groups(FDR > 0.05). Gestational HS increased the expression of genes associated with transcription corepressor activity, adipogenesis cascades, negative regulation of angiogenesis and pro-inflammatory signalling in female LD muscles. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a decreased muscle vascularity density in fetuses from HS group for both sexes compared to those from the CON group(P = 0.004).Conclusions: These results reveal gilt HS during early to mid-gestation altered gene expression profiles in fetal LD muscles in a sexually dimorphic manner. The molecular responses, including transcription and angiogenesis repressions and enhanced adipogenesis cascades, were exclusively observed in females. However, the associated reductions in muscle vascularity were observed independently of sexes. Collectively this may indicate female fetal pigs are more adaptive to gestational HS in terms of gene expression changes, and/or there may be sexually dimorphic differences with respect to the timing of muscle molecular responses to gestational HS.
基金supported by the Australian Government as Hafiz Suleria is the recipient of an Australian Research Council Award(ARCDECRA—DE220100055)the University of Melbourne under the McKenzie Fellowship Scheme(grant no.UoM-18/21)+1 种基金the Future Food Hallmark Research Initiative Funds(grant no.UoM-21/23)Collaborative.Hanjing Wu is a recipient of a University of Melbourne Research Scholarship provided by University of Melbourne(grant reference:767803).
文摘Spontaneous fermentation is commonly applied to coffee bean processing following harvesting,which can change the chemical composition and physiological properties of coffee beans.However,the impact of spon-taneous fermentation on the anti-inflammatory properties of coffee extract have yet to be explored.This study investigated phenolic composition,in vitro anti-inflammatory potential,and potential signaling pathways of light-roasted fermented(F)and unfermented(UF)Coffea arabica coffee extracts.Totally 47 phenolic compounds were tentatively characterized through liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS).Of these,24 phenolic compounds identified from the F extract were mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids,while only 5 phenolics were present in the UF.The anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.F extract bet-ter protected against LPS-induced cell death and decreased nitric oxide(NO)production after 48 h.For cell morphology,although dendritic differentiation of macrophage cells was alleviated by F extracts,mRNA expression of potential transcriptional factors involved in this process(c-Fos and Socs1)was downregulated early after LPS+coffee extract exposure.After 4 h treatment with F extract,Shp2,Erk1/2,p38 and Cox-2 mRNA expression were downregulated,while Il-10,Sod2,Ccl2,Il-6,and Il-1βmRNA were significantly enhanced.Spontaneous fermentation could assist the release and microbial metabolism of phenolic compounds.The distinct phenolic profile of fermented coffee extract likely contributes to its better anti-inflammatory bioactivity and regulatory effect on cell stress,with potential involvement of the MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways,supporting its potential application as a basis for developing functional coffee products.
