Daytime radiative cooling is an eco-friendly and passive cooling technology that operates without external energy input.Materials designed for this purpose are engineered to possess high reflectivity in the solar spec...Daytime radiative cooling is an eco-friendly and passive cooling technology that operates without external energy input.Materials designed for this purpose are engineered to possess high reflectivity in the solar spectrum and high emissivity within the atmospheric transmission window.Unlike broadbandemissive daytime radiative cooling materials,spectrally selective daytime radiative cooling(SSDRC)materials exhibit predominant mid-infrared emission in the atmospheric transmission window.This selective mid-infrared emission suppresses thermal radiation absorption beyond the atmospheric transmission window range,thereby improving the net cooling power of daytime radiative cooling.This review elucidates the fundamental characteristics of SSDRC materials,including their molecular structures,micro-and nanostructures,optical properties,and thermodynamic principles.It also provides a comprehensive overview of the design and fabrication of SSDRC materials in three typical forms,i.e.,fibrous materials,membranes,and particle coatings,highlighting their respective cooling mechanisms and performance.Furthermore,the practical applications of SSDRC in personal thermal management,outdoor building cooling,and energy harvesting are summarized.Finally,the challenges and prospects are discussed to guide researchers in advancing SSDRC materials.展开更多
The urgency of reducing pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining fuel supply for the development of society remains one of the greatest challenges.Solar energy,a clean and sustainable energy resource,...The urgency of reducing pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining fuel supply for the development of society remains one of the greatest challenges.Solar energy,a clean and sustainable energy resource,can be converted into fuels through solar-driven catalysis,and this provides an attractive solution for future energy demand.The current development of photothermal catalysis(PTC)based on the integration of solar thermal and photochemical contributions is becoming increasingly popular for full spectrum utilization.The combination of the thermochemical and photochemical processes synergistically drives the catalytic reactions efficiently under relatively mild conditions.In this review,the mechanisms of PTC are classified based on driving forces and the benefits of photothermal effects in different PTC reactions are discussed.Subsequently,the techniques for differentiating and quantifying the various effects of PTC,including experimental designs,thermometry characterization techniques,and computational studies,are summarized.Then,the major determinant properties and architectural designs for efficient photothermal catalysts are offered.Moreover,applications for fuel generation through water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction are reviewed.Finally,the current challenges and future directions of PTC are presented.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current advances in PTC along with a guide for understanding the mechanisms and rational material designs to pursue solar fuel that would diversify and increase the sustainability of our energy supply.展开更多
Light collection efficiency is an important factor that affects the performance of many optical and optoelectronic devices.In these devices,the high reflectivity of interfaces can hinder efficient light collection.To ...Light collection efficiency is an important factor that affects the performance of many optical and optoelectronic devices.In these devices,the high reflectivity of interfaces can hinder efficient light collection.To minimize unwanted reflection,anti-reflection surfaces can be fabricated by micro/nanopatterning.In this paper,we investigate the fabrication of broadband anti-reflection Si surfaces by laser micro/nanoprocessing.Laser direct writing is applied to create microstructures on Si surfaces that reduce light reflection by light trapping.In addition,laser interference lithography and metal assisted chemical etching are adopted to fabricate the Si nanowire arrays.The anti-reflection performance is greatly improved by the high aspect ratio subwavelength structures,which create gradients of refractive index from the ambient air to the substrate.Furthermore,by decoration of the Si nanowires with metallic nanoparticles,surface plasmon resonance can be used to further control the broadband reflections,reducing the reflection to below 1.0%across from 300 to 1200 nm.An average reflection of 0.8%is achieved.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308236)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M742530,2024T170623)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(23KJA430012)the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20230501)the Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education),Jilin University(KF2023002).
文摘Daytime radiative cooling is an eco-friendly and passive cooling technology that operates without external energy input.Materials designed for this purpose are engineered to possess high reflectivity in the solar spectrum and high emissivity within the atmospheric transmission window.Unlike broadbandemissive daytime radiative cooling materials,spectrally selective daytime radiative cooling(SSDRC)materials exhibit predominant mid-infrared emission in the atmospheric transmission window.This selective mid-infrared emission suppresses thermal radiation absorption beyond the atmospheric transmission window range,thereby improving the net cooling power of daytime radiative cooling.This review elucidates the fundamental characteristics of SSDRC materials,including their molecular structures,micro-and nanostructures,optical properties,and thermodynamic principles.It also provides a comprehensive overview of the design and fabrication of SSDRC materials in three typical forms,i.e.,fibrous materials,membranes,and particle coatings,highlighting their respective cooling mechanisms and performance.Furthermore,the practical applications of SSDRC in personal thermal management,outdoor building cooling,and energy harvesting are summarized.Finally,the challenges and prospects are discussed to guide researchers in advancing SSDRC materials.
基金gratefully thank the financial support from the A*STAR under its 2019 AME IRG & YIRG Grant Calls, A2083c0059Central Gap Fund NRF2020NRF-CG001-023 and TAP25002021-01-01-RIE2025.
文摘The urgency of reducing pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining fuel supply for the development of society remains one of the greatest challenges.Solar energy,a clean and sustainable energy resource,can be converted into fuels through solar-driven catalysis,and this provides an attractive solution for future energy demand.The current development of photothermal catalysis(PTC)based on the integration of solar thermal and photochemical contributions is becoming increasingly popular for full spectrum utilization.The combination of the thermochemical and photochemical processes synergistically drives the catalytic reactions efficiently under relatively mild conditions.In this review,the mechanisms of PTC are classified based on driving forces and the benefits of photothermal effects in different PTC reactions are discussed.Subsequently,the techniques for differentiating and quantifying the various effects of PTC,including experimental designs,thermometry characterization techniques,and computational studies,are summarized.Then,the major determinant properties and architectural designs for efficient photothermal catalysts are offered.Moreover,applications for fuel generation through water splitting and carbon dioxide reduction are reviewed.Finally,the current challenges and future directions of PTC are presented.This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current advances in PTC along with a guide for understanding the mechanisms and rational material designs to pursue solar fuel that would diversify and increase the sustainability of our energy supply.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the National Research Foundation,Prime Minister’s Office,Singapore under its Competitive Research Program(CRP Award No.NRF-CRP10-2012-04)the Economic Development Board(SPORE,COY-15-EWI-RCFSA/N197-1)The authors would also like to acknowledge funding provided by the Chinese Nature Science Grant(61138002)and 973 Program of China(No.2013CBA01700).
文摘Light collection efficiency is an important factor that affects the performance of many optical and optoelectronic devices.In these devices,the high reflectivity of interfaces can hinder efficient light collection.To minimize unwanted reflection,anti-reflection surfaces can be fabricated by micro/nanopatterning.In this paper,we investigate the fabrication of broadband anti-reflection Si surfaces by laser micro/nanoprocessing.Laser direct writing is applied to create microstructures on Si surfaces that reduce light reflection by light trapping.In addition,laser interference lithography and metal assisted chemical etching are adopted to fabricate the Si nanowire arrays.The anti-reflection performance is greatly improved by the high aspect ratio subwavelength structures,which create gradients of refractive index from the ambient air to the substrate.Furthermore,by decoration of the Si nanowires with metallic nanoparticles,surface plasmon resonance can be used to further control the broadband reflections,reducing the reflection to below 1.0%across from 300 to 1200 nm.An average reflection of 0.8%is achieved.
