Excessive microglial cell activation is related to the progression of chronic neuro-inflammatory disorders. Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) expression mediated by the NFE2-related factor(Nrf-2) pathway is a key regulator of ne...Excessive microglial cell activation is related to the progression of chronic neuro-inflammatory disorders. Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) expression mediated by the NFE2-related factor(Nrf-2) pathway is a key regulator of neuro-inflammation. Nardostachys chinensis is used as an anti-malarial, anti-nociceptive, and neurotrophic treatment in traditional Asian medicines. In the present study, we examined the effects of an ethyl acetate extract of N. chinensis(EN) on the anti-neuro-inflammatory effects mediated by HO-1 up-regulation in Salmonella lipopolysaccharide(LPS)- or Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid(LTA)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Our results indicated that EN suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine production and induced HO-1 transcription and translation through Nrf-2/antioxidant response element(ARE) signaling. EN markedly inhibited LPS- and LTA-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-?B) as well as phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) and signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT). Furthermore, EN protected hippocampal HT22 cells from indirect neuronal toxicity mediated by LPS- and LTA-treated microglial cells. These results suggested that EN impairs LPS- and LTA-induced neuro-inflammatory responses in microglial cells and confers protection against indirect neuronal damage to HT22 cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that EN could be used as a natural anti-neuro-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent.展开更多
We developed high-performance flexible oxide thin-film transistors(TFTs)using SnO_(2) semiconductor and high-k ZrO_(2) dielectric,both formed through combustion-assisted sol-gel processes.This method involves the exot...We developed high-performance flexible oxide thin-film transistors(TFTs)using SnO_(2) semiconductor and high-k ZrO_(2) dielectric,both formed through combustion-assisted sol-gel processes.This method involves the exothermic reaction of fuels and oxidizers to produce high-quality oxide films without extensive external heating.The combustion ZrO_(2) films were revealed to have an amorphous structure with a higher proportion of oxygen corresponding to the oxide network,which contributes to the low leakage current and frequency-independent dielectric properties.The ZrO_(2)/SnO_(2) TFTs fabricated on flexible substrates using combustion synthesis exhibited excellent electrical characteristics,including a field-effectmobility of 26.16 cm^(2)/Vs,a subthreshold swing of 0.125 V/dec,and an on/off current ratio of 1.13×10^(6) at a low operating voltage of 3 V.Furthermore,we demonstrated flexible ZrO_(2)/SnO_(2) TFTs with robust mechanical stability,capable of withstanding 5000 cycles of bending tests at a bending radius of 2.5 mm,achieved by scaling down the device dimensions.展开更多
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education,Science,and Technology(2015R1D1A1A01059450)the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy(MOTIE)and the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)through the Promoting Regional Specialized Industry Program(R0004422)
文摘Excessive microglial cell activation is related to the progression of chronic neuro-inflammatory disorders. Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) expression mediated by the NFE2-related factor(Nrf-2) pathway is a key regulator of neuro-inflammation. Nardostachys chinensis is used as an anti-malarial, anti-nociceptive, and neurotrophic treatment in traditional Asian medicines. In the present study, we examined the effects of an ethyl acetate extract of N. chinensis(EN) on the anti-neuro-inflammatory effects mediated by HO-1 up-regulation in Salmonella lipopolysaccharide(LPS)- or Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid(LTA)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Our results indicated that EN suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine production and induced HO-1 transcription and translation through Nrf-2/antioxidant response element(ARE) signaling. EN markedly inhibited LPS- and LTA-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-?B) as well as phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs) and signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT). Furthermore, EN protected hippocampal HT22 cells from indirect neuronal toxicity mediated by LPS- and LTA-treated microglial cells. These results suggested that EN impairs LPS- and LTA-induced neuro-inflammatory responses in microglial cells and confers protection against indirect neuronal damage to HT22 cells. In conclusion, our findings indicate that EN could be used as a natural anti-neuro-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(RS-2024-00428887 and 2022M3D1A2083618).
文摘We developed high-performance flexible oxide thin-film transistors(TFTs)using SnO_(2) semiconductor and high-k ZrO_(2) dielectric,both formed through combustion-assisted sol-gel processes.This method involves the exothermic reaction of fuels and oxidizers to produce high-quality oxide films without extensive external heating.The combustion ZrO_(2) films were revealed to have an amorphous structure with a higher proportion of oxygen corresponding to the oxide network,which contributes to the low leakage current and frequency-independent dielectric properties.The ZrO_(2)/SnO_(2) TFTs fabricated on flexible substrates using combustion synthesis exhibited excellent electrical characteristics,including a field-effectmobility of 26.16 cm^(2)/Vs,a subthreshold swing of 0.125 V/dec,and an on/off current ratio of 1.13×10^(6) at a low operating voltage of 3 V.Furthermore,we demonstrated flexible ZrO_(2)/SnO_(2) TFTs with robust mechanical stability,capable of withstanding 5000 cycles of bending tests at a bending radius of 2.5 mm,achieved by scaling down the device dimensions.
