Microscale and nanoscale cilia are ubiquitous in natural systems where they serve diverse biological functions.Bioinspired artificial magnetic cilia have emerged as a highly promising technology with vast potential ap...Microscale and nanoscale cilia are ubiquitous in natural systems where they serve diverse biological functions.Bioinspired artificial magnetic cilia have emerged as a highly promising technology with vast potential applications,ranging from soft robotics to highly precise sensors.In this review,we comprehensively discuss the roles of cilia in nature and the various types of magnetic particles utilized in magnetic cilia;additionally,we explore the top-down and bottom-up fabrication techniques employed for their production.Furthermore,we examine the various applications of magnetic cilia,including their use in soft robotics,droplet and particle control systems,fluidics,optical devices,and sensors.Finally,we present our conclusions and the future outlook for magnetic cilia research and development,including the challenges that need to be overcome and the potential for further integration with emerging technologies.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(2021R1A2C3006297,2021R1A4A3025206)the Technology Innovation Program(00144157)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘Microscale and nanoscale cilia are ubiquitous in natural systems where they serve diverse biological functions.Bioinspired artificial magnetic cilia have emerged as a highly promising technology with vast potential applications,ranging from soft robotics to highly precise sensors.In this review,we comprehensively discuss the roles of cilia in nature and the various types of magnetic particles utilized in magnetic cilia;additionally,we explore the top-down and bottom-up fabrication techniques employed for their production.Furthermore,we examine the various applications of magnetic cilia,including their use in soft robotics,droplet and particle control systems,fluidics,optical devices,and sensors.Finally,we present our conclusions and the future outlook for magnetic cilia research and development,including the challenges that need to be overcome and the potential for further integration with emerging technologies.
