Cancer remains a substantial global health challenge,with steadily increasing incidence rates.Radiotherapy(RT)is a crucial component in cancer treatment.Nevertheless,due to limited resources,there is an urgent need to...Cancer remains a substantial global health challenge,with steadily increasing incidence rates.Radiotherapy(RT)is a crucial component in cancer treatment.Nevertheless,due to limited resources,there is an urgent need to enhance both its efficiency and therapeutic efficacy.The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)into RT has proven to significantly improve treatment efficiency,especially in time-consuming tasks.This perspective demonstrates how AI enhances the efficiency of target delineation and treatment planning,and introduces the concept of All-in-One RT,which may greatly improve RT efficiency.Furthermore,the concept of Radiotherapy Digital Twins(RDTs)is introduced.By integrating patient-specific data with AI,RDTs enable personalized and precise treatment,as well as the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.This perspective highlights the transformative impact of AI and digital twin technologies in revolutionizing cancer RT,with the aim of making RT more accessible and effective on a global scale.展开更多
From a neuroscience perspective,cancer neuroscience has emerged as a subfield of cancer research.Presumable mechanisms underlying cancer-related neuronal activity(termed neurosciences)include the induction and modulat...From a neuroscience perspective,cancer neuroscience has emerged as a subfield of cancer research.Presumable mechanisms underlying cancer-related neuronal activity(termed neurosciences)include the induction and modulation of signaling pathways that govern cell fate determination and emotional responses(anxiety and stress),such as structural molecules(synaptic structures and current transduction)and secretory substances(neurotransmitters,cytokines,hormones and neuropeptides).In the past 3 years,these neuronal activities,which can either promote cancer growth or be hijacked by cancer cells to support tumor survival and invasion,have been widely demonstrated to be closely related to cancer progression.The molecular mechanisms are also being refined.Despite their great promise,translating neuroscientific discoveries into clinically actionable strategies for cancer diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment remains a formidable task.In this comprehensive review,we attempt to provide a full account of the intersection between neuroscience and cancer research.From the perspective of cancer neuroscience,we fully discuss the potential signaling molecules and their regulatory mechanisms,as well as targets and emerging therapeutic strategies that control tumor progression via multiomics approaches.Overall,cancer neuroscience may have unprecedented potential for understanding neuronal functions and cancer development,ultimately offering the significantly improved cancer treatment.展开更多
Relapse is the most important cause of treatment failure in acute leukemia(AL).Thus,how to predict relapse is critical for improving the survival of patients with AL.Measurable residual diseases(MRDs;previously termed...Relapse is the most important cause of treatment failure in acute leukemia(AL).Thus,how to predict relapse is critical for improving the survival of patients with AL.Measurable residual diseases(MRDs;previously termed minimal resid-ual diseases),refering to the presence of remaining leukemia cells after the declaration of complete remission(CF)detected by morphological analysis,is the most important biomarker forrelapseprediction.'Several methods,including multiparameter flow cytometry(MFC),real-time quantitative polymerase dhain reaction(qPCR),digital PCR(dPCR),and next-generation sequencing(NGS),are used to monitor MRD after treatment,reaching a sensitvityof 10^(-4)to 10^(-6).展开更多
Spatial chromatin structure plays fundamental roles in many vital biological processes including DNA replication, transcription,damage and repair. However, the current understanding of the secondary structure of chrom...Spatial chromatin structure plays fundamental roles in many vital biological processes including DNA replication, transcription,damage and repair. However, the current understanding of the secondary structure of chromatin formed by local nucleosomenucleosome interactions remains controversial, especially for the existence and conformation of 30 nm structure. Since chromatin structure influences the fragment length distribution(FLD) of ionizing radiation-induced DNA strand breaks, a 3D chromatin model fitting FLD patterns can help to distinguish different models of chromatin structure. Here, we developed a novel "30-C" model combining 30 nm chromatin structure models with Hi-C data, which measured the spatial contact frequency between different loci in the genome. We first reconstructed the 3D coordinates of the 25 kb bins from Hi-C heatmaps. Within the25 kb bins, lower level chromatin structures supported by recent studies were filled. Simulated FLD patterns based on the 30-C model were compared to published FLD patterns induced by heavy ion radiation to validate the models. Importantly, the 30-C model predicted that the most probable chromatin fiber structure for human interphase fibroblasts in vivo was 45% zig-zag 30 nm fibers and 55% 10 nm fibers.展开更多
In recent years, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy,represented by molecules such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), h...In recent years, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy,represented by molecules such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), has made revolutionary progress in the field of tumor treatment. However, the efficacy of ICB in different clinical cancer patients varies greatly, with most patients showing little or no response to the treatments [1]. The suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TME) containing high myeloid cells is a major cause of the failure of immunotherapy[2,3].展开更多
In a recent publication in Nature,1 Mamedov and colleagues identified pathways that modulateγδT cell killing and BTN3A cellular expression through integrating genome-wide CRISPR screens and tumor organoid culture,de...In a recent publication in Nature,1 Mamedov and colleagues identified pathways that modulateγδT cell killing and BTN3A cellular expression through integrating genome-wide CRISPR screens and tumor organoid culture,deepening our comprehension ofγδT cell stress surveillance and proposing novel pathways to boostγδT cell’s anticancer functions(Fig.1).展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.12375334)National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant nos.2023YFC2413200/2023YFC2413201 and 2019YFF01014402)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,(grant no.KQTD20180411185028798)。
文摘Cancer remains a substantial global health challenge,with steadily increasing incidence rates.Radiotherapy(RT)is a crucial component in cancer treatment.Nevertheless,due to limited resources,there is an urgent need to enhance both its efficiency and therapeutic efficacy.The integration of Artificial Intelligence(AI)into RT has proven to significantly improve treatment efficiency,especially in time-consuming tasks.This perspective demonstrates how AI enhances the efficiency of target delineation and treatment planning,and introduces the concept of All-in-One RT,which may greatly improve RT efficiency.Furthermore,the concept of Radiotherapy Digital Twins(RDTs)is introduced.By integrating patient-specific data with AI,RDTs enable personalized and precise treatment,as well as the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.This perspective highlights the transformative impact of AI and digital twin technologies in revolutionizing cancer RT,with the aim of making RT more accessible and effective on a global scale.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82201594,81502582)National Key Research Project of MOST(2023YFA0915000)+5 种基金Fund of the Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,and Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of SciencesFunding was also provided by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N182004002,N2220002)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2021-MS-104,2022-YGJC-39,2022-MS-228)Fundamental Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department(LJKQZ2021002)supported by the Open project of State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding(No.2025SKLAB6-13)Construction Project of Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory,China(2022JH13/10200026).
文摘From a neuroscience perspective,cancer neuroscience has emerged as a subfield of cancer research.Presumable mechanisms underlying cancer-related neuronal activity(termed neurosciences)include the induction and modulation of signaling pathways that govern cell fate determination and emotional responses(anxiety and stress),such as structural molecules(synaptic structures and current transduction)and secretory substances(neurotransmitters,cytokines,hormones and neuropeptides).In the past 3 years,these neuronal activities,which can either promote cancer growth or be hijacked by cancer cells to support tumor survival and invasion,have been widely demonstrated to be closely related to cancer progression.The molecular mechanisms are also being refined.Despite their great promise,translating neuroscientific discoveries into clinically actionable strategies for cancer diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment remains a formidable task.In this comprehensive review,we attempt to provide a full account of the intersection between neuroscience and cancer research.From the perspective of cancer neuroscience,we fully discuss the potential signaling molecules and their regulatory mechanisms,as well as targets and emerging therapeutic strategies that control tumor progression via multiomics approaches.Overall,cancer neuroscience may have unprecedented potential for understanding neuronal functions and cancer development,ultimately offering the significantly improved cancer treatment.
基金suppor ted by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(grant numbers 2019YFF01014402 and 2022YFC2502606)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sc ences(CIFMS)(grant numbers 202212MC&T-B-121 and 2019 I2M 5034)+2 种基金the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 11875079 and 82170208Peking University People's Hospital Scentfic Research Development Funds(grant number RZ202202)the State KeyLaboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technal ogy,PKU(grant numbers NPT2020KFY19 and NPT2020KF.J04)。
文摘Relapse is the most important cause of treatment failure in acute leukemia(AL).Thus,how to predict relapse is critical for improving the survival of patients with AL.Measurable residual diseases(MRDs;previously termed minimal resid-ual diseases),refering to the presence of remaining leukemia cells after the declaration of complete remission(CF)detected by morphological analysis,is the most important biomarker forrelapseprediction.'Several methods,including multiparameter flow cytometry(MFC),real-time quantitative polymerase dhain reaction(qPCR),digital PCR(dPCR),and next-generation sequencing(NGS),are used to monitor MRD after treatment,reaching a sensitvityof 10^(-4)to 10^(-6).
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (11875079 and 11434001)supported by NSFC (31871266)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Project of China (2016YFA0100103)NSFC Key Research Grant 71532001。
文摘Spatial chromatin structure plays fundamental roles in many vital biological processes including DNA replication, transcription,damage and repair. However, the current understanding of the secondary structure of chromatin formed by local nucleosomenucleosome interactions remains controversial, especially for the existence and conformation of 30 nm structure. Since chromatin structure influences the fragment length distribution(FLD) of ionizing radiation-induced DNA strand breaks, a 3D chromatin model fitting FLD patterns can help to distinguish different models of chromatin structure. Here, we developed a novel "30-C" model combining 30 nm chromatin structure models with Hi-C data, which measured the spatial contact frequency between different loci in the genome. We first reconstructed the 3D coordinates of the 25 kb bins from Hi-C heatmaps. Within the25 kb bins, lower level chromatin structures supported by recent studies were filled. Simulated FLD patterns based on the 30-C model were compared to published FLD patterns induced by heavy ion radiation to validate the models. Importantly, the 30-C model predicted that the most probable chromatin fiber structure for human interphase fibroblasts in vivo was 45% zig-zag 30 nm fibers and 55% 10 nm fibers.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (12375334)Key Program of Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (WIUCASQD2021015)。
文摘In recent years, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy,represented by molecules such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), has made revolutionary progress in the field of tumor treatment. However, the efficacy of ICB in different clinical cancer patients varies greatly, with most patients showing little or no response to the treatments [1]. The suppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TME) containing high myeloid cells is a major cause of the failure of immunotherapy[2,3].
基金support from research grants provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12375334)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1201600)the Key Program of Wenzhou Institute,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(WIUCASQD2021015).
文摘In a recent publication in Nature,1 Mamedov and colleagues identified pathways that modulateγδT cell killing and BTN3A cellular expression through integrating genome-wide CRISPR screens and tumor organoid culture,deepening our comprehension ofγδT cell stress surveillance and proposing novel pathways to boostγδT cell’s anticancer functions(Fig.1).
