Earthquakes play a fundamental role in the evolution of Earth’s topography through co-seismic uplift and subsidence,as well as erosion through widespread landslides induced by ground motion.Earthquake-induced landsli...Earthquakes play a fundamental role in the evolution of Earth’s topography through co-seismic uplift and subsidence,as well as erosion through widespread landslides induced by ground motion.Earthquake-induced landslides can result in exceptional increases in the transfer of mass from landscapes,supplying sediment to rivers where impacts can last for decades or longer.Landslides can also erode vegetation and soils,in addition to exposing freshly ground rock mass,which can both result in regionally significant carbon transfers.Recent work has sought to quantify the fluxes,rates,and temporal patterns of the impacts on earth surface processes generated by these tectonic events.In this review,we focus on the impacts of earthquake-induced landslides on erosion and sediment flux,river water chemistry,and carbon export through the lens of the well-studied 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.We then discuss these themes in the context of works from the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake,2015 Nepalese Gorkha earthquake,and New Zealand historical earthquakes,altogether highlighting an important role of earthquake-induced landslides in erosion and weathering along tectonically active mountain ranges.We suggest that more monitoring,geochemical tracing,paleo-records,and/or modelling studies are needed to compare the processes and fluxes of catchment erosion and weathering before and after earthquake events,which will help to deepen our understanding not only of the impacts of earthquake-induced landslides on earth surface processes,but also the linkage among high magnitude events,continental erosion and weathering,and the long-term global carbon cycle.展开更多
Climate conditions have long been acknowledged as a pivotal factor shaping regional productivity and influencing available resources,consequently playing an important role in driving social changes throughout human hi...Climate conditions have long been acknowledged as a pivotal factor shaping regional productivity and influencing available resources,consequently playing an important role in driving social changes throughout human history[1–3].In ancient East Asia,the Chinese agrarian civilization emerged around 4000 years ago in northern China,the region termed the“Central Plains”.This region faced recurrent episodes of large-scale social unrest,profoundly impacting the societal structure and dynastic cycles[4].These episodes were marked by extended civil peasant uprisings and/or incursions from northern nomadic tribes,often spanning decades to centuries[5].Both the agrarian societies in the Central Plains and the husbandry-based nomadic tribes in the vast northern grasslands,characterized by semi-arid and semi-humid climates,were notably sensitive to climate variations[6].展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41991322 and 41930864)the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDJ-SSW-DQC033)to Zhangdong JIN,and Chinese Academy of Sciences Fellowships for Young International Scientists to both A.Joshua WEST and Robert G.HILTON.
文摘Earthquakes play a fundamental role in the evolution of Earth’s topography through co-seismic uplift and subsidence,as well as erosion through widespread landslides induced by ground motion.Earthquake-induced landslides can result in exceptional increases in the transfer of mass from landscapes,supplying sediment to rivers where impacts can last for decades or longer.Landslides can also erode vegetation and soils,in addition to exposing freshly ground rock mass,which can both result in regionally significant carbon transfers.Recent work has sought to quantify the fluxes,rates,and temporal patterns of the impacts on earth surface processes generated by these tectonic events.In this review,we focus on the impacts of earthquake-induced landslides on erosion and sediment flux,river water chemistry,and carbon export through the lens of the well-studied 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.We then discuss these themes in the context of works from the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake,2015 Nepalese Gorkha earthquake,and New Zealand historical earthquakes,altogether highlighting an important role of earthquake-induced landslides in erosion and weathering along tectonically active mountain ranges.We suggest that more monitoring,geochemical tracing,paleo-records,and/or modelling studies are needed to compare the processes and fluxes of catchment erosion and weathering before and after earthquake events,which will help to deepen our understanding not only of the impacts of earthquake-induced landslides on earth surface processes,but also the linkage among high magnitude events,continental erosion and weathering,and the long-term global carbon cycle.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42025707 and 41888101)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB 40010200)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(NIGLAS2022TJ11)the Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry,Ministry of Education,Nanjing University.
文摘Climate conditions have long been acknowledged as a pivotal factor shaping regional productivity and influencing available resources,consequently playing an important role in driving social changes throughout human history[1–3].In ancient East Asia,the Chinese agrarian civilization emerged around 4000 years ago in northern China,the region termed the“Central Plains”.This region faced recurrent episodes of large-scale social unrest,profoundly impacting the societal structure and dynastic cycles[4].These episodes were marked by extended civil peasant uprisings and/or incursions from northern nomadic tribes,often spanning decades to centuries[5].Both the agrarian societies in the Central Plains and the husbandry-based nomadic tribes in the vast northern grasslands,characterized by semi-arid and semi-humid climates,were notably sensitive to climate variations[6].
