Temperature is well known as the major environmental factor that influences survival and growth of fish,which are poikilo-thermic animals.However,it is still unclear about the mechanism that underscores thermal-contro...Temperature is well known as the major environmental factor that influences survival and growth of fish,which are poikilo-thermic animals.However,it is still unclear about the mechanism that underscores thermal-controlled fish physiology,especially nutritional utilization and metabolism,which are vitally important in aquaculture.In the present study,juvenile turbot was force-fed with amino acid mixture and its postprandial absorption,nutrient sensing and metabolism under low(12,15℃),optimal(18℃)to high(21,24℃)temperatures were explored.Intestinal trypsin and lipase activity were highly sensitive to water temperature,and highest under optimal temperatures for turbot,whereas amylase remained constant.Selective groups of intestinal amino acid transporters were upregulated in cold temperatures,but the amino acid absorption capability was increased with rising temperature.The mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway was most active at optimal temperature.Postprandial muscle protein deposition achieved maximum level under optimal temperature.Amino acid catabolic enzymes branched-chain aminotransferase and branched-chainα-keto acid dehydrogenase activities were increased with rising temperatures.High temperature increased significantly energy metabolism and stimulated cel-lular stress in liver.These findings highlight the critical role of temperature in modulating amino acid dynamics,metabolic processes and stress responses in juvenile turbot,providing valuable insights for optimizing aquaculture practices.展开更多
Developing techniques to effectively and real-time monitor and regulate the interior environment of biological objects is significantly important for many biomedical engineering and scientific applications, including ...Developing techniques to effectively and real-time monitor and regulate the interior environment of biological objects is significantly important for many biomedical engineering and scientific applications, including drug delivery, electrophysiological recording and regulation of intracellular activities. Semi-implantable bioelectronics is currently a hot spot in biomedical engineering research area, because it not only meets the increasing technical demands for precise detection or regulation of biological activities, but also provides a desirable platform for externally incorporating complex functionalities and electronic integration. Although there is less definition and summary to distinguish it from the well-reviewed non-invasive bioelectronics and fully implantable bioelectronics, semi-implantable bioelectronics have emerged as highly unique technology to boost the development of biochips and smart wearable device. Here, we reviewed the recent progress in this field and raised the concept of “Semi-implantable bioelectronics”, summarizing the principle and strategies of semi-implantable device for cell applications and in vivo applications, discussing the typical methodologies to access to intracellular environment or in vivo environment, biosafety aspects and typical applications. This review is meaningful for understanding in-depth the design principles, materials fabrication techniques, device integration processes, cell/tissue penetration methodologies, biosafety aspects, and applications strategies that are essential to the development of future minimally invasive bioelectronics.展开更多
From the conventional knowledge of protein nutrition to the molecular nutrition of amino acids, our understanding of protein/amino acid nutrition is rapidly increasing. Amino acids control cell growth and metabolism t...From the conventional knowledge of protein nutrition to the molecular nutrition of amino acids, our understanding of protein/amino acid nutrition is rapidly increasing. Amino acids control cell growth and metabolism through two amino acid-sensingpathways, i.e. target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) and the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) signaling pathway.In the amino acid-abundant status, TORC1 dominates intracellular signaling and increases protein synthesis and cell growth.In contrast, amino acid deprivation actives GCN2 resulting in repression of general protein synthesis but facilitates the aminoacid transport and synthesis process. By integrating and coordinating nutrition and hormone signaling, TORC1 and GCN2control the switch of the catabolism and anabolism phase in most eukaryotes. Now, we appreciate that the availability ofindividual amino acids is sensed by intracellular sensors. These cutting-edge findings expand our knowledge of amino acidnutrition. Although the TORC1 and GCN2 were discovered decades ago, the study of molecular amino acid nutrition inaquaculture animals is still at its infancy. The aquaculture industry is highly dependent on the supply of fishmeal, which isthe major protein source in aquacultural animal diets. Some concerted efforts were conducted to substitute for fishmeal dueto limited supply of it. However, the concomitant issues including the unbalanced amino acid profile of alternative proteinsources limited the utilization of those proteins. Continued study of the molecular nutrition of amino acid in aquacultureanimals may be expected in the immediate future to expand our knowledge on the utilization of alternative protein sources.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(grant 2023YFD2400600)National Natural Scientific Foundation of China(grant 32373147)China Agriculture Research System(grant CARS-47-G10).
文摘Temperature is well known as the major environmental factor that influences survival and growth of fish,which are poikilo-thermic animals.However,it is still unclear about the mechanism that underscores thermal-controlled fish physiology,especially nutritional utilization and metabolism,which are vitally important in aquaculture.In the present study,juvenile turbot was force-fed with amino acid mixture and its postprandial absorption,nutrient sensing and metabolism under low(12,15℃),optimal(18℃)to high(21,24℃)temperatures were explored.Intestinal trypsin and lipase activity were highly sensitive to water temperature,and highest under optimal temperatures for turbot,whereas amylase remained constant.Selective groups of intestinal amino acid transporters were upregulated in cold temperatures,but the amino acid absorption capability was increased with rising temperature.The mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling pathway was most active at optimal temperature.Postprandial muscle protein deposition achieved maximum level under optimal temperature.Amino acid catabolic enzymes branched-chain aminotransferase and branched-chainα-keto acid dehydrogenase activities were increased with rising temperatures.High temperature increased significantly energy metabolism and stimulated cel-lular stress in liver.These findings highlight the critical role of temperature in modulating amino acid dynamics,metabolic processes and stress responses in juvenile turbot,providing valuable insights for optimizing aquaculture practices.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32171399)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFF1200700,2021YFA0911100)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32171456,32171335,61901535,31900954,62104264)。
文摘Developing techniques to effectively and real-time monitor and regulate the interior environment of biological objects is significantly important for many biomedical engineering and scientific applications, including drug delivery, electrophysiological recording and regulation of intracellular activities. Semi-implantable bioelectronics is currently a hot spot in biomedical engineering research area, because it not only meets the increasing technical demands for precise detection or regulation of biological activities, but also provides a desirable platform for externally incorporating complex functionalities and electronic integration. Although there is less definition and summary to distinguish it from the well-reviewed non-invasive bioelectronics and fully implantable bioelectronics, semi-implantable bioelectronics have emerged as highly unique technology to boost the development of biochips and smart wearable device. Here, we reviewed the recent progress in this field and raised the concept of “Semi-implantable bioelectronics”, summarizing the principle and strategies of semi-implantable device for cell applications and in vivo applications, discussing the typical methodologies to access to intracellular environment or in vivo environment, biosafety aspects and typical applications. This review is meaningful for understanding in-depth the design principles, materials fabrication techniques, device integration processes, cell/tissue penetration methodologies, biosafety aspects, and applications strategies that are essential to the development of future minimally invasive bioelectronics.
文摘From the conventional knowledge of protein nutrition to the molecular nutrition of amino acids, our understanding of protein/amino acid nutrition is rapidly increasing. Amino acids control cell growth and metabolism through two amino acid-sensingpathways, i.e. target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) and the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) signaling pathway.In the amino acid-abundant status, TORC1 dominates intracellular signaling and increases protein synthesis and cell growth.In contrast, amino acid deprivation actives GCN2 resulting in repression of general protein synthesis but facilitates the aminoacid transport and synthesis process. By integrating and coordinating nutrition and hormone signaling, TORC1 and GCN2control the switch of the catabolism and anabolism phase in most eukaryotes. Now, we appreciate that the availability ofindividual amino acids is sensed by intracellular sensors. These cutting-edge findings expand our knowledge of amino acidnutrition. Although the TORC1 and GCN2 were discovered decades ago, the study of molecular amino acid nutrition inaquaculture animals is still at its infancy. The aquaculture industry is highly dependent on the supply of fishmeal, which isthe major protein source in aquacultural animal diets. Some concerted efforts were conducted to substitute for fishmeal dueto limited supply of it. However, the concomitant issues including the unbalanced amino acid profile of alternative proteinsources limited the utilization of those proteins. Continued study of the molecular nutrition of amino acid in aquacultureanimals may be expected in the immediate future to expand our knowledge on the utilization of alternative protein sources.
