Litchi downy blight,caused by the plant pathogenic oomycete Peronophythora litchii,is one of the most devastating diseases on litchi and resulted in huge economic losses.Autophagy plays an essential role in the develo...Litchi downy blight,caused by the plant pathogenic oomycete Peronophythora litchii,is one of the most devastating diseases on litchi and resulted in huge economic losses.Autophagy plays an essential role in the development and pathogenicity of the filamentous fungi.However,the function of autophagy in oomycetes remain elusive.Here,an autophagy-related protein Atg3 homolog PlAtg3 was identified and characterized in P.litchii.The absence of PlATG3 through the CRISPR/Cas9 gene replacement strategy compromised vegetative growth and sexual/asexual development.Cytological analyses revealed that the deletion of PlATG3 impaired autophagosome formation with monodansylcadaverine(MDC)staining and significantly disrupted zoospore release due to defects of sporangial cleavage with FM4-64 staining.Atg8 is considered to be an autophagy marker protein in various species.Western blot analysis indicated that PlAtg3 is involved in degradation of PlAtg8-PE.Interestingly,PlAtg3 was unable to interact with PlAtg8 in yeast two hybrid(Y2H)assays,possibly due to the absence of the Atg8 family interacting motif(AIM)in PlAtg3.Furthermore,pathogenicity assays revealed that the deletion of PlATG3 considerably reduced the virulence of P.litchii.Taken together,our data reveal that PlAtg3 plays an important role in radial growth,asexual/sexual development,sporangial cleavage and zoospore release,autophagosome formation,and pathogenicity in P.litchii.This study contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenicity mechanisms of P.litchii and provides insights for the development of more effective strategies to control oomycete diseases.展开更多
Wigner-Ville distribution(WVD)is widely used in the field of signal processing due to its excellent time-frequency(TF)concentration.However,WVD is severely limited by the cross-term when working with multicomponent si...Wigner-Ville distribution(WVD)is widely used in the field of signal processing due to its excellent time-frequency(TF)concentration.However,WVD is severely limited by the cross-term when working with multicomponent signals.In this paper,we analyze the property differences between auto-term and cross-term in the one-dimensional sequence and the two-dimensional plane and approximate entropy and Rényi entropy are employed to describe them,respectively.Based on this information,we propose a new method to achieve adaptive cross-term removal by combining seeded region growing.Compared to other methods,the new method can achieve cross-term removal without decreasing the TF concentration of the auto-term.Simulation and experimental data processing results show that the method is adaptive and is not constrained by the type or distribution of signals.And it performs well in low signal-to-noise ratio environments.展开更多
目的探讨血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)及残余胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(residual cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,RC/HDL-C)对瘦型代谢相关脂肪性肝病(metabolism-associated fatt...目的探讨血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)及残余胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(residual cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,RC/HDL-C)对瘦型代谢相关脂肪性肝病(metabolism-associated fatty liver disease,MAFLD)的预测价值。方法选择2023年7月至2023年12月在海军军医大学第一附属医院健康管理中心参加年度体检的瘦型MAFLD患者(n=200)和瘦型健康对照者(n=91),比较两组的肝肾功能、血脂、AIP及RC/HDL-C等,二元Logistic回归分析瘦型MAFLD的危险因素,采用ROC曲线分析AIP、RC/HDL-C、BMI等对瘦型MAFLD的预测价值。结果瘦型MAFLD患者的年龄大、男性占比多,血压、BMI、ALT、AST、γ-GT、AKP、Cr、UA、FBG、TG、TC、LDL-C、RC、AIP、RC/HDL-C水平均显著高于瘦型健康对照组,而HDL-C水平显著低于瘦型健康对照组(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、男性、BMI、ALT、AIP是瘦型MAFLD的独立危险因素。AIP联合ALT、BMI作为诊断模型时预测瘦型MAFLD的AUC为0.892,敏感度为86.5%,特异度为76.9%;RC/HDL-C的预测效能欠佳(AUC=0.6655,95%CI:0.6025~0.7286)。AIP与RC/HDL-C存在中等程度的相关(r^(2)=0.5122,P<0.0001),与BMI弱相关(r^(2)=0.1304,P<0.0001)。AIP越高,瘦型MAFLD的患病率越高。结论AIP与瘦型MAFLD发生风险呈正相关并是其独立危险因素,AIP联合BMI、ALT是瘦型MAFLD的有效预测指标。展开更多
BACKGROUND Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(GBTC)is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with a high fatality rate.The global incidence and mortality of GBTC continue to increase,presenting a significant challenge ...BACKGROUND Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(GBTC)is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with a high fatality rate.The global incidence and mortality of GBTC continue to increase,presenting a significant challenge to public health.Strategies for preventing and controlling GBTC in Brazil,Russian Federation,India,China and South Africa(BRICS)countries offer valuable lessons for other developing nations.AIM To investigate GBTC burden trends in BRICS countries and perform an ageperiod-cohort(APC)analysis of Global Burden of Disease(GBD)from 1990-2021.METHODS Data on the incidences and crude incidence rates,the number of deaths and crude mortality rates,and the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and agestandardized mortality rate(ASMR)of GBTC were obtained for BRICS countries from the GBD study 2021.Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to examine the trends in disease burden from 1990 to 2021.The APC model was utilized to assess the age,period,and birth cohort effects on the changes in GBTC disease burden worldwide and in the BRICS countries during the same time frame.Bayesian APC analysis was used to estimate the future burden.RESULTS The increases in incidence and deaths were 101.09%and 74.26%,respectively,compared with 1990.The ASMRs in Brazil,Russia,and China decreased,while those in India and South Africa increased.Among the BRICS countries,in most age groups in Brazil,Russia,India,and South Africa,the crude incidence and mortality rates in women were higher than those in men,whereas in China,the situation was the opposite.Joinpoint regression analysis revealed that from 1990 to 2021,the overall ASIR of gallbladder and bile duct cancer exhibited a declining trend.Although the incidence rate in China showed an increasing trend,the mortality rate exhibited a declining trend,which became more pronounced over time.CONCLUSION In BRICS countries,the number of incident cases and deaths from GBTC increased between 1990 and 2021,primarily due to rapid population growth.Nevertheless,the ASIR and ASMR declined during the same period.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(321QN190 and 321CXTD437)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202246 and 32160614)+1 种基金the Open Project Program of Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests,China(MIMCP-202102)the Scientific Research Foundation of Hainan University,China(KYQD(ZR)-21042 and KYQD(ZR)-20080)。
文摘Litchi downy blight,caused by the plant pathogenic oomycete Peronophythora litchii,is one of the most devastating diseases on litchi and resulted in huge economic losses.Autophagy plays an essential role in the development and pathogenicity of the filamentous fungi.However,the function of autophagy in oomycetes remain elusive.Here,an autophagy-related protein Atg3 homolog PlAtg3 was identified and characterized in P.litchii.The absence of PlATG3 through the CRISPR/Cas9 gene replacement strategy compromised vegetative growth and sexual/asexual development.Cytological analyses revealed that the deletion of PlATG3 impaired autophagosome formation with monodansylcadaverine(MDC)staining and significantly disrupted zoospore release due to defects of sporangial cleavage with FM4-64 staining.Atg8 is considered to be an autophagy marker protein in various species.Western blot analysis indicated that PlAtg3 is involved in degradation of PlAtg8-PE.Interestingly,PlAtg3 was unable to interact with PlAtg8 in yeast two hybrid(Y2H)assays,possibly due to the absence of the Atg8 family interacting motif(AIM)in PlAtg3.Furthermore,pathogenicity assays revealed that the deletion of PlATG3 considerably reduced the virulence of P.litchii.Taken together,our data reveal that PlAtg3 plays an important role in radial growth,asexual/sexual development,sporangial cleavage and zoospore release,autophagosome formation,and pathogenicity in P.litchii.This study contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenicity mechanisms of P.litchii and provides insights for the development of more effective strategies to control oomycete diseases.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62201171).
文摘Wigner-Ville distribution(WVD)is widely used in the field of signal processing due to its excellent time-frequency(TF)concentration.However,WVD is severely limited by the cross-term when working with multicomponent signals.In this paper,we analyze the property differences between auto-term and cross-term in the one-dimensional sequence and the two-dimensional plane and approximate entropy and Rényi entropy are employed to describe them,respectively.Based on this information,we propose a new method to achieve adaptive cross-term removal by combining seeded region growing.Compared to other methods,the new method can achieve cross-term removal without decreasing the TF concentration of the auto-term.Simulation and experimental data processing results show that the method is adaptive and is not constrained by the type or distribution of signals.And it performs well in low signal-to-noise ratio environments.
文摘目的探讨血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(atherogenic index of plasma,AIP)及残余胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(residual cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,RC/HDL-C)对瘦型代谢相关脂肪性肝病(metabolism-associated fatty liver disease,MAFLD)的预测价值。方法选择2023年7月至2023年12月在海军军医大学第一附属医院健康管理中心参加年度体检的瘦型MAFLD患者(n=200)和瘦型健康对照者(n=91),比较两组的肝肾功能、血脂、AIP及RC/HDL-C等,二元Logistic回归分析瘦型MAFLD的危险因素,采用ROC曲线分析AIP、RC/HDL-C、BMI等对瘦型MAFLD的预测价值。结果瘦型MAFLD患者的年龄大、男性占比多,血压、BMI、ALT、AST、γ-GT、AKP、Cr、UA、FBG、TG、TC、LDL-C、RC、AIP、RC/HDL-C水平均显著高于瘦型健康对照组,而HDL-C水平显著低于瘦型健康对照组(P<0.05)。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、男性、BMI、ALT、AIP是瘦型MAFLD的独立危险因素。AIP联合ALT、BMI作为诊断模型时预测瘦型MAFLD的AUC为0.892,敏感度为86.5%,特异度为76.9%;RC/HDL-C的预测效能欠佳(AUC=0.6655,95%CI:0.6025~0.7286)。AIP与RC/HDL-C存在中等程度的相关(r^(2)=0.5122,P<0.0001),与BMI弱相关(r^(2)=0.1304,P<0.0001)。AIP越高,瘦型MAFLD的患病率越高。结论AIP与瘦型MAFLD发生风险呈正相关并是其独立危险因素,AIP联合BMI、ALT是瘦型MAFLD的有效预测指标。
基金Supported by the Key Project of Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education,No.2024ZD023.
文摘BACKGROUND Gallbladder and biliary tract cancer(GBTC)is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with a high fatality rate.The global incidence and mortality of GBTC continue to increase,presenting a significant challenge to public health.Strategies for preventing and controlling GBTC in Brazil,Russian Federation,India,China and South Africa(BRICS)countries offer valuable lessons for other developing nations.AIM To investigate GBTC burden trends in BRICS countries and perform an ageperiod-cohort(APC)analysis of Global Burden of Disease(GBD)from 1990-2021.METHODS Data on the incidences and crude incidence rates,the number of deaths and crude mortality rates,and the age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)and agestandardized mortality rate(ASMR)of GBTC were obtained for BRICS countries from the GBD study 2021.Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to examine the trends in disease burden from 1990 to 2021.The APC model was utilized to assess the age,period,and birth cohort effects on the changes in GBTC disease burden worldwide and in the BRICS countries during the same time frame.Bayesian APC analysis was used to estimate the future burden.RESULTS The increases in incidence and deaths were 101.09%and 74.26%,respectively,compared with 1990.The ASMRs in Brazil,Russia,and China decreased,while those in India and South Africa increased.Among the BRICS countries,in most age groups in Brazil,Russia,India,and South Africa,the crude incidence and mortality rates in women were higher than those in men,whereas in China,the situation was the opposite.Joinpoint regression analysis revealed that from 1990 to 2021,the overall ASIR of gallbladder and bile duct cancer exhibited a declining trend.Although the incidence rate in China showed an increasing trend,the mortality rate exhibited a declining trend,which became more pronounced over time.CONCLUSION In BRICS countries,the number of incident cases and deaths from GBTC increased between 1990 and 2021,primarily due to rapid population growth.Nevertheless,the ASIR and ASMR declined during the same period.
