Among various earth-abundant and noble metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),manganese-based oxides are promising candidates owing to the rich variety of manganese valence.Herein,an extremely facile ...Among various earth-abundant and noble metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),manganese-based oxides are promising candidates owing to the rich variety of manganese valence.Herein,an extremely facile method for the synthesis of cubic and orthorhombic phase coexisting Mn(Ⅱ)O electrocatalyst as an efficient ORR catalyst was explored.The obtained MnO electrocatalyst with oxygen vacancies shows a significantly elevated ORR catalytic activity with a half-wave potential(E1/2) of as high as 0.895 V,in comparison with that of commercial Pt/C(E1/2=0.877 V).More impressively,the MnO electrocatalyst exhibits a marked activity enhancement after test under a constant applied potential for 1000 s thanks to the in situ generation and stable presence of high-valence manganese species(Mn^3+ and Mn^4+) during the electrochemical process,initiating a synergetic catalytic effect with oxygen vacancies,which is proved to largely accelerate the adsorption and reduction of O_2 molecules favoring the ORR activity elevation.Such an excellent ORR catalytic performance of this MnO electrocatalyst is applied in Zn-air battery,which shows an extra-high peak power density of 63.2 mW cm^-2 in comparison with that(47.4 m W cm^-2) of commercial Pt/C under identical test conditions.展开更多
Hydrazine oxidation reaction(HzOR)assisted hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)offers a feasible path for low power consumption to hydrogen production.Unfortunately however,the total electrooxidation of hydrazine in anode...Hydrazine oxidation reaction(HzOR)assisted hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)offers a feasible path for low power consumption to hydrogen production.Unfortunately however,the total electrooxidation of hydrazine in anode and the dissociation kinetics of water in cathode are critically depend on the interaction between the reaction intermediates and surface of catalysts,which are still challenging due to the totally different catalytic mechanisms.Herein,the[W–O]group with strong adsorption capacity is introduced into CoP nanoflakes to fabricate bifunctional catalyst,which possesses excellent catalytic performances towards both HER(185.60 mV at 1000 mA cm^(−2))and HzOR(78.99 mV at 10,00 mA cm^(−2))with the overall electrolyzer potential of 1.634 V lower than that of the water splitting system at 100 mA cm^(−2).The introduction of[W–O]groups,working as the adsorption sites for H2O dissociation and N2H4 dehydrogenation,leads to the formation of porous structure on CoP nanoflakes and regulates the electronic structure of Co through the linked O in[W–O]group as well,resultantly boosting the hydrogen production and HzOR.Moreover,a proof-of-concept direct hydrazine fuel cell-powered H_(2) production system has been assembled,realizing H_(2)evolution at a rate of 3.53 mmol cm^(−2)h^(−1)at room temperature without external electricity supply.展开更多
Thiourea nitrate （TN） was easily prepared from thiourea and nitric acid to explore its use as a new nitration reagent, Nitrations of various aromatic compounds utilizing TN in concentrated sulfuric acid were studied...Thiourea nitrate （TN） was easily prepared from thiourea and nitric acid to explore its use as a new nitration reagent, Nitrations of various aromatic compounds utilizing TN in concentrated sulfuric acid were studied, TN could convert aromatic compounds to the corresponding nitrated derivatives with various abnormal yields under mild conditions. The results suggested that the reaction mechanism might be different from those of traditional nitration reagents.展开更多
Formamidine derivatives could be used as the building blocks for substituted heterocyclic compounds with various biological activities. N＇-Aryl-N,N-dimethylformamidinium chlorides have been synthesized in high yields...Formamidine derivatives could be used as the building blocks for substituted heterocyclic compounds with various biological activities. N＇-Aryl-N,N-dimethylformamidinium chlorides have been synthesized in high yields by reaction of aromatic primary amines with Vilsmeier-Haack reagent at room temperature. The structures of all the new compounds were identified by ESI-MS, IR and NMR spectra. The steric structures of some of these compounds were clarified by X-ray single crystal analysis.展开更多
A mixture of hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) and iodine in acetic acid can cleave the N-alkyl bond in a variety of N-1 substituted pyrimidine derivative in relatively high yields, without any damage to the amido bond in ...A mixture of hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) and iodine in acetic acid can cleave the N-alkyl bond in a variety of N-1 substituted pyrimidine derivative in relatively high yields, without any damage to the amido bond in the non-nucleosides pyrimidine base skeleton.展开更多
以分离的猪萨佩罗病毒PSV Hu N1/2016株感染PK15细胞,制备抗原板,建立检测猪血清中PSV抗体的间接免疫荧光(IFA)方法。结果表明:一抗最佳稀释浓度为1∶300;FITC标记的羊抗猪荧光二抗最佳稀释浓度为1∶300。该方法特异性强,敏感度高,既能...以分离的猪萨佩罗病毒PSV Hu N1/2016株感染PK15细胞,制备抗原板,建立检测猪血清中PSV抗体的间接免疫荧光(IFA)方法。结果表明:一抗最佳稀释浓度为1∶300;FITC标记的羊抗猪荧光二抗最佳稀释浓度为1∶300。该方法特异性强,敏感度高,既能将PSV抗体与PRRSV、FMDV、PCV、CSFV抗体区分开,也可以检测到中和效价0.128的阳性血清。用该方法检测湖南省部分规模化猪场208份临床血清样品的总阳性率为68%,表明PSV在湖南省流行普遍,且其感染主要发生在保育阶段。展开更多
目前空调BLDC(Brushless Direct Current Motor)电机技术成熟度较高,行业同质化严重,同时客户对电机的进一步降本和小型化的需求有所增加。因此提出了一种外转子拓扑结构电机,并基于Maxwell有限元仿真软件对其进行了优化设计。首先,从...目前空调BLDC(Brushless Direct Current Motor)电机技术成熟度较高,行业同质化严重,同时客户对电机的进一步降本和小型化的需求有所增加。因此提出了一种外转子拓扑结构电机,并基于Maxwell有限元仿真软件对其进行了优化设计。首先,从性能角度出发,对不同槽极的配合进行了对比分析;然后,以成本和性能为优化目标,对电机长径比、转子轭厚、永磁体厚、定子齿宽轭宽极靴厚以及槽口宽度进行了优化分析,并得到优化方案;最后,将对优化方案进行了制样验证。结果显示,相同输出功率下外转子优化方案较内转子方案电磁成本降低了19%,体积降低了16%。同时,样机实测数据与仿真数据基本一致,验证了仿真的准确性。综上,针对空调BLDC电机,外转子拓扑较现有内转子方案成本更低,功率密度更高。展开更多
基金the support of this research by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (19ZR1479400)the State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University (KF1818)the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing (Wuhan University of Technology)。
文摘Among various earth-abundant and noble metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),manganese-based oxides are promising candidates owing to the rich variety of manganese valence.Herein,an extremely facile method for the synthesis of cubic and orthorhombic phase coexisting Mn(Ⅱ)O electrocatalyst as an efficient ORR catalyst was explored.The obtained MnO electrocatalyst with oxygen vacancies shows a significantly elevated ORR catalytic activity with a half-wave potential(E1/2) of as high as 0.895 V,in comparison with that of commercial Pt/C(E1/2=0.877 V).More impressively,the MnO electrocatalyst exhibits a marked activity enhancement after test under a constant applied potential for 1000 s thanks to the in situ generation and stable presence of high-valence manganese species(Mn^3+ and Mn^4+) during the electrochemical process,initiating a synergetic catalytic effect with oxygen vacancies,which is proved to largely accelerate the adsorption and reduction of O_2 molecules favoring the ORR activity elevation.Such an excellent ORR catalytic performance of this MnO electrocatalyst is applied in Zn-air battery,which shows an extra-high peak power density of 63.2 mW cm^-2 in comparison with that(47.4 m W cm^-2) of commercial Pt/C under identical test conditions.
基金support of this research by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172110)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-LY-SLH029)+1 种基金the“Scientific and Technical Innovation Action Plan”Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan Science&Technology Cooperation Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(21520760500)BL14W1 beamline of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF).
文摘Hydrazine oxidation reaction(HzOR)assisted hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)offers a feasible path for low power consumption to hydrogen production.Unfortunately however,the total electrooxidation of hydrazine in anode and the dissociation kinetics of water in cathode are critically depend on the interaction between the reaction intermediates and surface of catalysts,which are still challenging due to the totally different catalytic mechanisms.Herein,the[W–O]group with strong adsorption capacity is introduced into CoP nanoflakes to fabricate bifunctional catalyst,which possesses excellent catalytic performances towards both HER(185.60 mV at 1000 mA cm^(−2))and HzOR(78.99 mV at 10,00 mA cm^(−2))with the overall electrolyzer potential of 1.634 V lower than that of the water splitting system at 100 mA cm^(−2).The introduction of[W–O]groups,working as the adsorption sites for H2O dissociation and N2H4 dehydrogenation,leads to the formation of porous structure on CoP nanoflakes and regulates the electronic structure of Co through the linked O in[W–O]group as well,resultantly boosting the hydrogen production and HzOR.Moreover,a proof-of-concept direct hydrazine fuel cell-powered H_(2) production system has been assembled,realizing H_(2)evolution at a rate of 3.53 mmol cm^(−2)h^(−1)at room temperature without external electricity supply.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2011)Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry,PR China(2011)for the financial support
文摘Thiourea nitrate （TN） was easily prepared from thiourea and nitric acid to explore its use as a new nitration reagent, Nitrations of various aromatic compounds utilizing TN in concentrated sulfuric acid were studied, TN could convert aromatic compounds to the corresponding nitrated derivatives with various abnormal yields under mild conditions. The results suggested that the reaction mechanism might be different from those of traditional nitration reagents.
基金the Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation for financial support(No.2004036602)
文摘Formamidine derivatives could be used as the building blocks for substituted heterocyclic compounds with various biological activities. N＇-Aryl-N,N-dimethylformamidinium chlorides have been synthesized in high yields by reaction of aromatic primary amines with Vilsmeier-Haack reagent at room temperature. The structures of all the new compounds were identified by ESI-MS, IR and NMR spectra. The steric structures of some of these compounds were clarified by X-ray single crystal analysis.
文摘A mixture of hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2) and iodine in acetic acid can cleave the N-alkyl bond in a variety of N-1 substituted pyrimidine derivative in relatively high yields, without any damage to the amido bond in the non-nucleosides pyrimidine base skeleton.
文摘以分离的猪萨佩罗病毒PSV Hu N1/2016株感染PK15细胞,制备抗原板,建立检测猪血清中PSV抗体的间接免疫荧光(IFA)方法。结果表明:一抗最佳稀释浓度为1∶300;FITC标记的羊抗猪荧光二抗最佳稀释浓度为1∶300。该方法特异性强,敏感度高,既能将PSV抗体与PRRSV、FMDV、PCV、CSFV抗体区分开,也可以检测到中和效价0.128的阳性血清。用该方法检测湖南省部分规模化猪场208份临床血清样品的总阳性率为68%,表明PSV在湖南省流行普遍,且其感染主要发生在保育阶段。
文摘目前空调BLDC(Brushless Direct Current Motor)电机技术成熟度较高,行业同质化严重,同时客户对电机的进一步降本和小型化的需求有所增加。因此提出了一种外转子拓扑结构电机,并基于Maxwell有限元仿真软件对其进行了优化设计。首先,从性能角度出发,对不同槽极的配合进行了对比分析;然后,以成本和性能为优化目标,对电机长径比、转子轭厚、永磁体厚、定子齿宽轭宽极靴厚以及槽口宽度进行了优化分析,并得到优化方案;最后,将对优化方案进行了制样验证。结果显示,相同输出功率下外转子优化方案较内转子方案电磁成本降低了19%,体积降低了16%。同时,样机实测数据与仿真数据基本一致,验证了仿真的准确性。综上,针对空调BLDC电机,外转子拓扑较现有内转子方案成本更低,功率密度更高。
