Pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)are receiving attention as emerging pollutants due to their extensive applications and persistent emissions.The Qiantang River Basin,a representative region in eastern ...Pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)are receiving attention as emerging pollutants due to their extensive applications and persistent emissions.The Qiantang River Basin,a representative region in eastern China that relies on surface water for drinking purposes,experiences the movement and accumulation of PPCPs in its water and sediment,which can directly affect the safety of drinking water in the basin.This study focuses on the Qiantang River Basin’s surface water,sediment,and drinking water to determine the occurrence and potential risks of 31 PPCPs.It aims to address whether PPCPs in the environment could migrate and accumulate,thereby affecting human health.The findings indicated that PPCPs are ubiquitous in various environmental media,with surface and pore water showing distinct spatial distribution characteristics,specifically,concentrations escalated with urban scale expansion,indicating that domestic sewage discharge is the primary source of PPCP input.Bisphenol A(BPA),ketoprofen(KTP),and diethyltoluamide(DEET)were the primary contaminants.The movement of PPCPs within the surface water-sediment-pore water system was affected by various circumstances.Substances like Sulfamethoxazole(SMX)(RQ>103)and KTP(RQ=22.3)present in surface water and sediment pose significant ecological concerns,and KTP and atrazine(ATZ)(0.6<RQ<2.1)also pose a high risk in drinking water.This study performed an extensive analysis of the distribution and risks associated with typical PPCPs in the Qiantang River Basin,offering a scientific foundation and theoretical support for research on the environmental behavior of PPCPs in this area and the development of targeted pollution control strategies.展开更多
甚长基线干涉测量(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,VLBI)在射电天文学中主要用于高精度的天文干涉测量,传统VLBI系统中采用反射面天线和低温接收机的组合,利用其低噪声特点可提高信号接收的灵敏度,但同样存在机械转向效率低、灵活...甚长基线干涉测量(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,VLBI)在射电天文学中主要用于高精度的天文干涉测量,传统VLBI系统中采用反射面天线和低温接收机的组合,利用其低噪声特点可提高信号接收的灵敏度,但同样存在机械转向效率低、灵活性不足、无法实现同时多目标的观测等不足。而多波束相控阵天线由于其采用电子扫描实现可瞬时波束切换以及同时多波束工作等特性,可显著提升观测效率,增强观测中的时间同步性和相干性,于VLBI观测中精确的相位测量和干涉处理非常关键。文章以相控阵的系统噪声温度等指标为基础,对相控阵天线应用与射电信号接收灵敏度相关的等效流量密度和信噪比关键指标进行详细分析,给出不同规模相控阵天线对于射电源信号的接收能力分析结果,以期在相控阵天线未来在在射电天文中的应用和推广起到支撑作用。展开更多
The growth, development and consumption of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera （Htibner）, fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2 （double-ambient vs. ambient） in open-top cha...The growth, development and consumption of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera （Htibner）, fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2 （double-ambient vs. ambient） in open-top chambers were examined. Significant decreases in protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen content and increases in free fatty acid were observed in cotton bolls. Changes in quality of cotton bolls affected the growth, development and food utilization of H. armigera. Significantly longer larval development duration in three successive generations and lower pupal weight of the second and third generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower fecundity was also found in successive three generations of H. armigera fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The consumption per larva occurred significant increase in successive three generations and frass per larva were also significantly increased during the second and third generations under elevated CO2. Significantly lower relative growth rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food and significant higher relative consumption rate in successive three generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower potential female fecundity, larval numbers and population consumption were found in the second and third generations of cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The integrative effect of higher larval mortality rate and lower adult fecundity resulted in significant decreases in potential population consumption in the latter two generations. The results show that elevated CO2 adversely affects cotton bolls quality, which indicates the potential population dynamics and potential population consumption of cotton bollworm will alleviate the harm to the plants in the future rising CO2 atmosphere.展开更多
Cockroaches are worldwide indoor pests carrying microorganisms of medical importance. German cockroaches （Blattella germanica） were sampled in five habitats （hospital, restaurant, office home, and market） in Beiji...Cockroaches are worldwide indoor pests carrying microorganisms of medical importance. German cockroaches （Blattella germanica） were sampled in five habitats （hospital, restaurant, office home, and market） in Beijing, and the bacteria were isolated from their external surface and alimentary tract and identified using a Biolog identification system. Cockroach densities significantly differed among habitats （market 〉 home 〉 office 〉 restaurant 〉 hospital）. However, no significant differences in bacterial abundance carried by individual German cockroaches （of either sex） were found among habitats. The bacterial abundance in the gut was significantly higher than that on the surface. There were no significant differences in bacterial species richness observed among habitats, sex, carrying position or their interaction. Cluster analysis showed that cockroach densities and bacterial abundance found in the market differed significantly from the other four habitats. The bacterial diversity was not significantly reduced in sensitive facilities such as hospital and restaurant, even though pesticide and bactericide were more frequently applied there. The implications of these findings were discussed in this article.展开更多
基金jointly supported by the Open Research Fund of State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences(2022YYSYKFYB07)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution(2022YSKY-07)the China Geological Survey Project(DD20211414).
文摘Pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)are receiving attention as emerging pollutants due to their extensive applications and persistent emissions.The Qiantang River Basin,a representative region in eastern China that relies on surface water for drinking purposes,experiences the movement and accumulation of PPCPs in its water and sediment,which can directly affect the safety of drinking water in the basin.This study focuses on the Qiantang River Basin’s surface water,sediment,and drinking water to determine the occurrence and potential risks of 31 PPCPs.It aims to address whether PPCPs in the environment could migrate and accumulate,thereby affecting human health.The findings indicated that PPCPs are ubiquitous in various environmental media,with surface and pore water showing distinct spatial distribution characteristics,specifically,concentrations escalated with urban scale expansion,indicating that domestic sewage discharge is the primary source of PPCP input.Bisphenol A(BPA),ketoprofen(KTP),and diethyltoluamide(DEET)were the primary contaminants.The movement of PPCPs within the surface water-sediment-pore water system was affected by various circumstances.Substances like Sulfamethoxazole(SMX)(RQ>103)and KTP(RQ=22.3)present in surface water and sediment pose significant ecological concerns,and KTP and atrazine(ATZ)(0.6<RQ<2.1)also pose a high risk in drinking water.This study performed an extensive analysis of the distribution and risks associated with typical PPCPs in the Qiantang River Basin,offering a scientific foundation and theoretical support for research on the environmental behavior of PPCPs in this area and the development of targeted pollution control strategies.
文摘甚长基线干涉测量(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,VLBI)在射电天文学中主要用于高精度的天文干涉测量,传统VLBI系统中采用反射面天线和低温接收机的组合,利用其低噪声特点可提高信号接收的灵敏度,但同样存在机械转向效率低、灵活性不足、无法实现同时多目标的观测等不足。而多波束相控阵天线由于其采用电子扫描实现可瞬时波束切换以及同时多波束工作等特性,可显著提升观测效率,增强观测中的时间同步性和相干性,于VLBI观测中精确的相位测量和干涉处理非常关键。文章以相控阵的系统噪声温度等指标为基础,对相控阵天线应用与射电信号接收灵敏度相关的等效流量密度和信噪比关键指标进行详细分析,给出不同规模相控阵天线对于射电源信号的接收能力分析结果,以期在相控阵天线未来在在射电天文中的应用和推广起到支撑作用。
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(No.2006CB102002)the Pilot Project of Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KSCX2-YW-N-006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30571253,30621003)
文摘The growth, development and consumption of successive three generations of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera （Htibner）, fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2 （double-ambient vs. ambient） in open-top chambers were examined. Significant decreases in protein, total amino acid, water and nitrogen content and increases in free fatty acid were observed in cotton bolls. Changes in quality of cotton bolls affected the growth, development and food utilization of H. armigera. Significantly longer larval development duration in three successive generations and lower pupal weight of the second and third generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower fecundity was also found in successive three generations of H. armigera fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The consumption per larva occurred significant increase in successive three generations and frass per larva were also significantly increased during the second and third generations under elevated CO2. Significantly lower relative growth rate, efficiency of conversion of ingested food and significant higher relative consumption rate in successive three generations were observed in cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. Significantly lower potential female fecundity, larval numbers and population consumption were found in the second and third generations of cotton bollworm fed on cotton bolls grown under elevated CO2. The integrative effect of higher larval mortality rate and lower adult fecundity resulted in significant decreases in potential population consumption in the latter two generations. The results show that elevated CO2 adversely affects cotton bolls quality, which indicates the potential population dynamics and potential population consumption of cotton bollworm will alleviate the harm to the plants in the future rising CO2 atmosphere.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS (No. KZCX2-YW-422)the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology.
文摘Cockroaches are worldwide indoor pests carrying microorganisms of medical importance. German cockroaches （Blattella germanica） were sampled in five habitats （hospital, restaurant, office home, and market） in Beijing, and the bacteria were isolated from their external surface and alimentary tract and identified using a Biolog identification system. Cockroach densities significantly differed among habitats （market 〉 home 〉 office 〉 restaurant 〉 hospital）. However, no significant differences in bacterial abundance carried by individual German cockroaches （of either sex） were found among habitats. The bacterial abundance in the gut was significantly higher than that on the surface. There were no significant differences in bacterial species richness observed among habitats, sex, carrying position or their interaction. Cluster analysis showed that cockroach densities and bacterial abundance found in the market differed significantly from the other four habitats. The bacterial diversity was not significantly reduced in sensitive facilities such as hospital and restaurant, even though pesticide and bactericide were more frequently applied there. The implications of these findings were discussed in this article.
