为研究不锈钢管混凝土(CFSST)短柱的轴压承载性能,对9根奥氏体型S30408和9根双相型S22053不锈钢管混凝土短柱以及6根对应相同尺寸的不锈钢空钢管进行了轴压试验,试验测得了荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线以及短柱的破坏情况等。结果表明:...为研究不锈钢管混凝土(CFSST)短柱的轴压承载性能,对9根奥氏体型S30408和9根双相型S22053不锈钢管混凝土短柱以及6根对应相同尺寸的不锈钢空钢管进行了轴压试验,试验测得了荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线以及短柱的破坏情况等。结果表明:CFSST短柱均呈腰鼓型破坏,不锈钢管呈现双面鼓曲、双面内凹的局部失稳破坏模态;短柱轴压承载力随着不锈钢管厚度、混凝土强度的增加而增大。将轴压承载力试验结果与分别采用欧洲规范BS EN 1994-1-1、美国钢结构设计规范ANSI/AISC 360-10、日本规范AIJ-CFT 1997、GB 50936—2014《钢管混凝土结构技术规范》和DBJ 13-51—2003《钢管混凝土结构技术规程》中钢管混凝土短柱轴压承载力计算式得到的计算结果进行对比表明,采用欧洲规范BS EN 1994-1-1得到的计算结果最为接近试验结果。展开更多
The heterogeneity and plasticity of T lymphocytes is critical for determining immune response outcomes.Functional regulatory T(Treg)cells are commonly characterized by stable FOXP3 expression and have reported to exhi...The heterogeneity and plasticity of T lymphocytes is critical for determining immune response outcomes.Functional regulatory T(Treg)cells are commonly characterized by stable FOXP3 expression and have reported to exhibit heterogeneous phenotypes under inflammatory conditions.However,the interplay between inflammation and Treg cell suppressive activity still remains elusive.Here,we utilized singlecell RNA sequencing to investigate how human Treg cells respond to the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6).We observed that Treg cells divided into two subpopulations after IL-6 stimulation.TIGITàunstable Treg cells lost FOXP3 expression and gained an effector-like T cell phenotype,whereas TIGIT+Treg cells retained robust suppressive function.Single cell transcriptome analysis revealed a spectrum of cellular states of IL-6-stimulated Treg cells and how cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1(CYP1A1)is a crucial regulator of Treg cell suppressive capability and stability.CYP1A1-deficient human Treg cells developed a Th17-like phenotype after IL-6 stimulation.Our findings implicate CYP1A1 as a previously unidentified regulator of Treg cells that may have target potential for clinical application for biotherapies.展开更多
Membrane separation is an attractive technique for removal of emulsified oily wastewater.However,polymeric membranes which dominate the current market usually suffer from severe membrane fouling.Therefore,membranes wi...Membrane separation is an attractive technique for removal of emulsified oily wastewater.However,polymeric membranes which dominate the current market usually suffer from severe membrane fouling.Therefore,membranes with high fouling resistance are imperative to treat emulsified oily wastewater.In this study,carbon nanotube-polyvinyl alcohol(CNT-PVA)membrane was fabricated.And its separation performance for emulsified oily wastewater was compared with two commercial polymeric membranes(PVDF membrane and PES membrane)by filtration of two homemade emulsions and one cutting fluid emulsion.The results show that these membranes have similar oil retention efficiencies for the three emulsions.Whereas,the permeation flux of CNT-PVA membrane is 1.60 to 3.09 times of PVDF membrane and 1.41 to 11.4 times of PES membrane,respectively.Moreover,after five consecutive operation circles of filtration process and back flush,CNT-PVA membrane can recover 62.3% to 72.9% of its initial pure water flux.However,the pure water flux recovery rates are only 24.1% to 35.3% for PVDF membrane and 6.0% to 26.3% for PES membrane,respectively.Therefore,CNT-PVA membrane are more resistant to oil fouling compared with the two polymeric membranes,showing superior potential in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater.展开更多
CD4^+CD25^+regulatory T(Treg)cells express the transcription factor FOXP3 and play an essential role in preventing autoimmunity.Abundant Treg cell accumulation in tumors and tumor draining lymph nodes(TDLNs)has been r...CD4^+CD25^+regulatory T(Treg)cells express the transcription factor FOXP3 and play an essential role in preventing autoimmunity.Abundant Treg cell accumulation in tumors and tumor draining lymph nodes(TDLNs)has been reported to correlate with both poor and favorable prognosis in various cancers,which suggests that Tregs may have multiple effects on antitumor immunity.However,the heterogeneity of tumor-and TDLN-infiltrating Treg cells remains unclear.Here we provide heterogeneity analysis of tumor infiltrating human CD4^+Treg cells and their matched adjacent tissues and TDLNs.We defined three different subpopulations of tumor-and TDLN-infiltrating Treg cells by Helios and CCR8 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)and confirmed their functional heterogeneity.Helios^+CCR8^+Treg cells with potent suppressor function and limited IL-2 and IFN-7 secretion were identified in tumors and TDLNs.On the contrary,Helios^-CCR8^-Treg cells have impaired suppressive activity,and elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.More advanced grades of PDAC have predominantly Helios^+CCR8^+Treg cells and few Helios^-CCR8^-Treg cells both in tumors and TDLNs that suggests poor prognosis.These data could help further define the role of Treg cells and their functional role in tumors and TDLNs.展开更多
Understanding the friction behavior of hydrogels is critical for the long-term stability of hydrogelrelated bioengineering applications.Instead of maintaining a constant sliding velocity,the actual motion of bio-compo...Understanding the friction behavior of hydrogels is critical for the long-term stability of hydrogelrelated bioengineering applications.Instead of maintaining a constant sliding velocity,the actual motion of bio-components(e.g.,articular cartilage and cornea)often changes abruptly.Therefore,it is important to study the frictional properties of hydrogels serving under various sliding velocities.In this work,an unexpected low friction regime(friction coefficientμ<10^(-4) at 1.05×10^(-3) rad/s)was observed when the polyacrylamide hydrogel was rotated against a glass substrate under alternative sliding velocity cycles.Interestingly,compared with the friction coefficients under constant sliding velocities,the measuredμdecreased significantly when the sliding velocity changed abruptly from high speeds(e.g.,105 rad/s)to low speeds(e.g.,1.05×10^(-3) rad/s).In addition,μexhibited a downswing trend at low speeds after experiencing more alternative sliding velocity cycles:the measuredμat 1.05 rad/s decreased from 2×10^(-2) to 3×10^(-3) after 10 friction cycles.It is found that the combined effect of hydration film and polymer network deformation determines the lubrication and drag reduction of hydrogels when the sliding velocity changes abruptly.The observed extremely low friction during alternative sliding velocity cycles can be applied to reduce friction at contacted interfaces.This work provides new insights into the fundamental understanding of the lubrication behaviors and mechanisms of hydrogels,with useful implications for the hydration lubrication related engineering applications such as artificial cartilage.展开更多
The enrichment of regulatory T cells(Tregs)in the tumour microenvironment(TME)has been recognized as one of the major factors in the initiation and development of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.C–C motif ...The enrichment of regulatory T cells(Tregs)in the tumour microenvironment(TME)has been recognized as one of the major factors in the initiation and development of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.C–C motif chemokine receptor 8(CCR8),a marker of activated suppressive Tregs,has a significant impact on the functions of Tregs in the TME.However,the regulatory mechanism of CCR8 in Tregs remains unclear.Here,we revealed that a high level of TNF-αin the colorectal cancer(CRC)microenvironment upregulated CCR8 expression in Tregs via the TNFR2/NF-κB signalling pathway and the FOXP3 transcription factor.Furthermore,in both anti-programmed cell death protein 1(anti-PD1)-responsive and anti-PD1-unresponsive tumour models,PD1 blockade induced CCR8^(+)Treg infiltration.In both models,Tnfr2 depletion or TNFR2 blockade suppressed tumour progression by reducing CCR8+Treg infiltration and thus augmented the efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy.Finally,we identified that TNFR2^(+)CCR8^(+)Tregs but not total Tregs were positively correlated with adverse prognosis in patients with CRC and gastric cancer.Our work reveals the regulatory mechanisms of CCR8 in Tregs and identifies TNFR2 as a promising target for immunotherapy.展开更多
文摘为研究不锈钢管混凝土(CFSST)短柱的轴压承载性能,对9根奥氏体型S30408和9根双相型S22053不锈钢管混凝土短柱以及6根对应相同尺寸的不锈钢空钢管进行了轴压试验,试验测得了荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线以及短柱的破坏情况等。结果表明:CFSST短柱均呈腰鼓型破坏,不锈钢管呈现双面鼓曲、双面内凹的局部失稳破坏模态;短柱轴压承载力随着不锈钢管厚度、混凝土强度的增加而增大。将轴压承载力试验结果与分别采用欧洲规范BS EN 1994-1-1、美国钢结构设计规范ANSI/AISC 360-10、日本规范AIJ-CFT 1997、GB 50936—2014《钢管混凝土结构技术规范》和DBJ 13-51—2003《钢管混凝土结构技术规程》中钢管混凝土短柱轴压承载力计算式得到的计算结果进行对比表明,采用欧洲规范BS EN 1994-1-1得到的计算结果最为接近试验结果。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81830051,31525008,31670911,31800744 and 31961133011)Shanghai Academic Research Leader(16XD1403800)+2 种基金Shenzhen Municipal Government of China(JCYJ20170817145428361)Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SJTU)The Chinese University of Hong Kong(CUHK)Joint Research Collaboration Fundthe Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities and the Gusu innovation and entrepreneurship leader talent program。
文摘The heterogeneity and plasticity of T lymphocytes is critical for determining immune response outcomes.Functional regulatory T(Treg)cells are commonly characterized by stable FOXP3 expression and have reported to exhibit heterogeneous phenotypes under inflammatory conditions.However,the interplay between inflammation and Treg cell suppressive activity still remains elusive.Here,we utilized singlecell RNA sequencing to investigate how human Treg cells respond to the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6).We observed that Treg cells divided into two subpopulations after IL-6 stimulation.TIGITàunstable Treg cells lost FOXP3 expression and gained an effector-like T cell phenotype,whereas TIGIT+Treg cells retained robust suppressive function.Single cell transcriptome analysis revealed a spectrum of cellular states of IL-6-stimulated Treg cells and how cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1(CYP1A1)is a crucial regulator of Treg cell suppressive capability and stability.CYP1A1-deficient human Treg cells developed a Th17-like phenotype after IL-6 stimulation.Our findings implicate CYP1A1 as a previously unidentified regulator of Treg cells that may have target potential for clinical application for biotherapies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21437001)the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B13012)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT16TD02).
文摘Membrane separation is an attractive technique for removal of emulsified oily wastewater.However,polymeric membranes which dominate the current market usually suffer from severe membrane fouling.Therefore,membranes with high fouling resistance are imperative to treat emulsified oily wastewater.In this study,carbon nanotube-polyvinyl alcohol(CNT-PVA)membrane was fabricated.And its separation performance for emulsified oily wastewater was compared with two commercial polymeric membranes(PVDF membrane and PES membrane)by filtration of two homemade emulsions and one cutting fluid emulsion.The results show that these membranes have similar oil retention efficiencies for the three emulsions.Whereas,the permeation flux of CNT-PVA membrane is 1.60 to 3.09 times of PVDF membrane and 1.41 to 11.4 times of PES membrane,respectively.Moreover,after five consecutive operation circles of filtration process and back flush,CNT-PVA membrane can recover 62.3% to 72.9% of its initial pure water flux.However,the pure water flux recovery rates are only 24.1% to 35.3% for PVDF membrane and 6.0% to 26.3% for PES membrane,respectively.Therefore,CNT-PVA membrane are more resistant to oil fouling compared with the two polymeric membranes,showing superior potential in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(2014CB541803 and 2014CB541903)the National Science Foundation of China(31525008,81330072,31670911,31370863+1 种基金SMCST 14JC1406100)Shanghai Academic Research Leader(16XD1403800)
文摘CD4^+CD25^+regulatory T(Treg)cells express the transcription factor FOXP3 and play an essential role in preventing autoimmunity.Abundant Treg cell accumulation in tumors and tumor draining lymph nodes(TDLNs)has been reported to correlate with both poor and favorable prognosis in various cancers,which suggests that Tregs may have multiple effects on antitumor immunity.However,the heterogeneity of tumor-and TDLN-infiltrating Treg cells remains unclear.Here we provide heterogeneity analysis of tumor infiltrating human CD4^+Treg cells and their matched adjacent tissues and TDLNs.We defined three different subpopulations of tumor-and TDLN-infiltrating Treg cells by Helios and CCR8 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)and confirmed their functional heterogeneity.Helios^+CCR8^+Treg cells with potent suppressor function and limited IL-2 and IFN-7 secretion were identified in tumors and TDLNs.On the contrary,Helios^-CCR8^-Treg cells have impaired suppressive activity,and elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.More advanced grades of PDAC have predominantly Helios^+CCR8^+Treg cells and few Helios^-CCR8^-Treg cells both in tumors and TDLNs that suggests poor prognosis.These data could help further define the role of Treg cells and their functional role in tumors and TDLNs.
基金TThis work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020YQ38)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81901009 and 51905305)Qilu Talented Young Scholar Program of Shandong University(J.Huang),and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and the Canada Research Chairs program(H.Zeng).
文摘Understanding the friction behavior of hydrogels is critical for the long-term stability of hydrogelrelated bioengineering applications.Instead of maintaining a constant sliding velocity,the actual motion of bio-components(e.g.,articular cartilage and cornea)often changes abruptly.Therefore,it is important to study the frictional properties of hydrogels serving under various sliding velocities.In this work,an unexpected low friction regime(friction coefficientμ<10^(-4) at 1.05×10^(-3) rad/s)was observed when the polyacrylamide hydrogel was rotated against a glass substrate under alternative sliding velocity cycles.Interestingly,compared with the friction coefficients under constant sliding velocities,the measuredμdecreased significantly when the sliding velocity changed abruptly from high speeds(e.g.,105 rad/s)to low speeds(e.g.,1.05×10^(-3) rad/s).In addition,μexhibited a downswing trend at low speeds after experiencing more alternative sliding velocity cycles:the measuredμat 1.05 rad/s decreased from 2×10^(-2) to 3×10^(-3) after 10 friction cycles.It is found that the combined effect of hydration film and polymer network deformation determines the lubrication and drag reduction of hydrogels when the sliding velocity changes abruptly.The observed extremely low friction during alternative sliding velocity cycles can be applied to reduce friction at contacted interfaces.This work provides new insights into the fundamental understanding of the lubrication behaviors and mechanisms of hydrogels,with useful implications for the hydration lubrication related engineering applications such as artificial cartilage.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872740,31961133011,32070878,and 81830051)Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai(SHSMU-ZDCX20210601).
文摘The enrichment of regulatory T cells(Tregs)in the tumour microenvironment(TME)has been recognized as one of the major factors in the initiation and development of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors.C–C motif chemokine receptor 8(CCR8),a marker of activated suppressive Tregs,has a significant impact on the functions of Tregs in the TME.However,the regulatory mechanism of CCR8 in Tregs remains unclear.Here,we revealed that a high level of TNF-αin the colorectal cancer(CRC)microenvironment upregulated CCR8 expression in Tregs via the TNFR2/NF-κB signalling pathway and the FOXP3 transcription factor.Furthermore,in both anti-programmed cell death protein 1(anti-PD1)-responsive and anti-PD1-unresponsive tumour models,PD1 blockade induced CCR8^(+)Treg infiltration.In both models,Tnfr2 depletion or TNFR2 blockade suppressed tumour progression by reducing CCR8+Treg infiltration and thus augmented the efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy.Finally,we identified that TNFR2^(+)CCR8^(+)Tregs but not total Tregs were positively correlated with adverse prognosis in patients with CRC and gastric cancer.Our work reveals the regulatory mechanisms of CCR8 in Tregs and identifies TNFR2 as a promising target for immunotherapy.
