Phonological period and fruit quality of Jingganghongnuo （JGHN） grafted on the rootstocks of Feizixiao （FZX）, Heiye （HY） and Huaizhi （HZ） respectively were recorded and comparatively studied from 2015 to 2017....Phonological period and fruit quality of Jingganghongnuo （JGHN） grafted on the rootstocks of Feizixiao （FZX）, Heiye （HY） and Huaizhi （HZ） respectively were recorded and comparatively studied from 2015 to 2017. The results showed that the whitish millets and flowering stage of JGHN grafted on FZX and HY rootstocks were respectively 3-17 days and 1-3 days earlier than those on HZ. While the fruit maturation stage was 5-7 days ahead of in the same comparative situation. Compared to fruits grafted on HZ, mean fruit weight of JGHN grafted on HY and FZX were 38.1% and 35.8% bigger respectively than that on HZ. In addition, more closely heart-shaped and brighter pericarp color of JGHN fruit were observed with rootstock of HZ than that with other two kinds of rootstocks. In terms of aborted-seed rates of JGHN, average value with rootstock FZX was 81.7%, which was 58.0% higher than that with HY, and 2.49 times of those with HZ. Vc content of JGHN grafted on HY and FZX were 30.47 and 25.86 mg/100 g respectively, significantly higher than that grafted on HZ. TSS and TA of JGHN grafted on HZ were 17.8% and 0.14%, both were obviously higher than that grafted on FZX and HY.展开更多
Aiming at addressing the issues of unclear dynamic response mechanisms and insufficient quantification of temperature coupling effects in building structures under long-duration blast loads,this study investigates typ...Aiming at addressing the issues of unclear dynamic response mechanisms and insufficient quantification of temperature coupling effects in building structures under long-duration blast loads,this study investigates typical composite beam-slab structures through integrated blast shock tube experiments and multiscale numerical simulations using Voronoi-coupled Finite-Discrete Element Method(VoroFDEM).The research systematically reveals the dynamic response mechanisms and damage evolution patterns of composite beam-slab structures subjected to prolonged blast loading.An environmenttemperature-coupled P-I curve damage assessment system is established,and a rapid evaluation method based on image crack characteristics is proposed,achieving innovative transition from traditional mechanical indicators to intelligent recognition paradigms.Results demonstrate that composite beam-slab structures exhibit three-phase failure modes:elastic vibration,plastic hinge formation,and global collapse.Numerical simulations identify the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature threshold at-10℃,and establish a temperature-dependent piecewise function-based P-I curve prediction model,whose overpressure asymptote displays nonlinear temperature sensitivity within-50-30℃.A novel dual-mode evaluation methodology integrating Voro-FDEM numerical simulations with image-based damage feature recognition is developed,enabling quantitative mapping between crack area and destruction levels.These findings provide theoretical foundations and technical pathways for rapid blast damage assessment and protective engineering design.展开更多
Microalgae can effectively degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water.However,the remediation mechanism of microalgae in PAH-contaminated soil remains unclear.In this study,the growth-promoting effects o...Microalgae can effectively degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water.However,the remediation mechanism of microalgae in PAH-contaminated soil remains unclear.In this study,the growth-promoting effects of wheat by Chlorella vulgaris in PAH-contaminated soil were studied.Structural changes in the rhizosphere bacterial community and the bacterial metabolism were further explored.It revealed that the addition of C.vulgaris promoted wheat’s dry weight and height by 10.22% and 122.15%,respectively.One explanation was the degradation and transformation of PAHs by C.vulgaris,which relieved the inhibitory effect on wheat growth.Compared with the blank control group,C.vulgaris addition enhanced the degradation efficiencies of phenanthrene (Phe) and pyrene (Pry) by 4.81% and 8.34%,respectively (with the initial concentrations in soil of 1.03×10^(4) and 2.21×10^(4)μg/g,respectively).The binding state of Phe and Pyr changed to a free state,which facilitated microbial degradation.The Phe and Pyr contents in wheat decreased by 22.23% and 18.54%,respectively.The presence of C.vulgaris increased the abundance of Sphingosinomonas bacteria capable of degrading PAHs by 95.24%.Enzyme activities related to the transport,oxidation,and dehydrogenation of PAHs in the bacterial community also increased.This study demonstrated C.vulgaris’multiple pathways for remediating PAH-polluted soil,including PAH degradation,nutrient and hormone release,and bacterial community adjustment.In conclusion,C.vulgaris addition enhanced the algae-bacteria symbiosis,which was of great significance for the removal of PAHs from the soil and the promotion of plant growth.展开更多
Dual control of energy consumption is an effective method proposed in China to launch and deepen the transition in energy use.It has obtained favorable results;however,the resource consumption and pollution emissions ...Dual control of energy consumption is an effective method proposed in China to launch and deepen the transition in energy use.It has obtained favorable results;however,the resource consumption and pollution emissions per unit of Gross Domestic Product(GDP)remain high.This article quantitatively studies the current policies’effects to promote the advancement of dual control of energy consumption and develop future policies.Green production and consumption policies promote the development of dual control of energy consumption;therefore,this paper examines these policies through text mining and a quantitative evaluation system.The results suggest strong state demand for developing green production and consumption and the necessity for scientific evaluation;however,the state’s focus on the relevant policy tools is imbalanced.Constraint policy tools have the highest proportion of restricting pollutant emissions but lack comprehensiveness.Incentive and guidance policy tools have the problems of poor targets and low volume.Additionally,by constructing policy modeling consistency(PMC)index models for evaluating green production and consumption policies,six selected policies indicate solid performance,but some still have problems regarding policy timeframe,policy function,and green process.Based on the conclusions,this paper provides some targeted recommendations.展开更多
In the previous studies,the phenomenon that the interstitial fluid(ISF)can flow along tunica adventitia of the arteries and veins in both human and animal bodies was reported.On the basis of these studies,this paper a...In the previous studies,the phenomenon that the interstitial fluid(ISF)can flow along tunica adventitia of the arteries and veins in both human and animal bodies was reported.On the basis of these studies,this paper aims to:(i)summarize the basic properties of the ISF flows in the walls of arteries and veins,(ii)combine the basic properties with axiomaticism and abstract the axiom for ISF flows,and(iii)propose three fundamental laws of the ISF flow,(i.e.,the existence law,the homotropic law and the reverse law).The three laws provide solid theoretical basement for exploring the kinematic patterns of interstitial fluid flow in the cardiovascular system.展开更多
The mathematical models are developed to evaluate the ultimate tensile strength( UTS) and hardness of CNTs / Al2024 composites fabricated by high-energy ball milling. The effects of the preparation variables which are...The mathematical models are developed to evaluate the ultimate tensile strength( UTS) and hardness of CNTs / Al2024 composites fabricated by high-energy ball milling. The effects of the preparation variables which are milling time,rotational speed,mass fraction of CNTs and ball to powder ratio on UST and hardness of CNTs / Al2024 composites are investigated. Based on the central composite design( CCD),a quadratic model is developed to correlate the fabrication variables to the UST and hardness. From the analysis of variance( ANOVA),the most influential factor on each experimental design response is identified. The optimum conditions for preparing CNTs / Al2024 composites are found as follows: 1. 53 h milling time,900 r / min rotational speed,mass fraction of CNTs 2. 87% and Ball to powder ratio 25 ∶ 1. The predicted maximum UST and hardness are 273.30 MPa and 261.36 HV,respectively. And the experimental values are 283.25 MPa and256.8 HV,respectively. It is indicated that the predicted UST and hardness after process optimization are found to agree satisfactory with the experimental values.展开更多
Although it is believed that glioma is derived from brain tumor stem cells, the source and molecular signal pathways of these cells are still unclear. In this study, we used stable doxycycline-inducible transgenic mou...Although it is believed that glioma is derived from brain tumor stem cells, the source and molecular signal pathways of these cells are still unclear. In this study, we used stable doxycycline-inducible transgenic mouse brain tumor models （c-myc/SV40Tag＋/Tet-on＋） to explore the malignant trans- formation potential of neural stem cells by observing the differences of neural stem cells and brain tumor stem cells in the tumor models. Results showed that chromosome instability occurred in brain tumor stem cells. The numbers of cytolysosomes and autophagosomes in brain tumor stem cells and induced neural stem cells were lower and the proliferative activity was obviously stronger than that in normal neural stem cells. Normal neural stem cells could differentiate into glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive and microtubule associated protein-2-positive cells, which were also negative for nestin. However, glial fibrillary acidic protein/nestin, microtubule associated protein-2/nestin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein/microtubule associated protein-2 double-positive cells were found in induced neural stem cells and brain tumor stem cells. Results indicate that induced neural stem cells are similar to brain tumor stem cells, and are possibly the source of brain tumor stem cells.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the long-term outcome and prognostic factors of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)from low-endemic regions of China who received definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT).Me...Objective To evaluate the long-term outcome and prognostic factors of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)from low-endemic regions of China who received definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT).Methods The clinical data from 608 patients with newly-diagnosed non-metastatic NPC who have received initial treatment at our cancer center from January,2008 to December,2013 were retrospectively reviewed.All patients received definitive IMRT,and 87.7%received platinum-based chemotherapy.Results The median follow-up duration was 51 months(follow-up rate,98.5%;range,10–106 months)for the entire cohort.The 5-year overall survival rate was 79.7%.The 5-year local relapse-free survival rate,regional relapse-free survival rate,distant metastasis-free survival rate and progression-free survival rate were 92.4%,93.3%,79.2%and 74.3%,respectively.A total of 153 patients had experienced treatment failure,with distant metastasis as the primary cause in 77.1%(118/153).Patients with T4 or N3 diseases had a significantly poorer prognosis than other subcategories.Stage T4 and N3 were closely associated with distant metastasis,with the metastatic rate of 29.3%and 45.5%,respectively.Conclusion IMRT provides patients with non-metastatic NPC with satisfactory long-term survival.Both T stage and N stage are important prognostic factors for NPC patients.Patients with T4 or N3 diseases have significantly increased distant metastatic rates and poor survival time.展开更多
The nuclear receptor DAX-1, encoded by the NR0B1 gene, is presented in the hypothalamic tissues in humans and other vertebrates. Human patients with NR0B1 mutations often have hypothalamic-pituitary defects, but the i...The nuclear receptor DAX-1, encoded by the NR0B1 gene, is presented in the hypothalamic tissues in humans and other vertebrates. Human patients with NR0B1 mutations often have hypothalamic-pituitary defects, but the involvement of NR0B1 in hypothalamic development and function is not well understood. Here, we report the disruption of the nr0b1 gene in zebrafish causes abnormal expression of gonadotropins, a reduction in fertilization rate, and an increase in postfasting food intake, which are indicators of abnormal hypothalamic functions. We find that loss of nr0b1 increases the number of prodynorphin(pdyn)-expressing neurons but decreases the number of pro-opiomelanocortin(pomcb)-expressing neurons in the zebrafish hypothalamic arcuate region(ARC). Further examination reveals that the proliferation of progenitor cells is reduced in the hypothalamus of nr0b1 mutant embryos accompanying the decreased expression of genes in the Notch signaling pathway. Additionally, the inhibition of Notch signaling in wildtype embryos increases the number of pdyn neurons, mimicking the nr0b1 mutant phenotype. In contrast,ectopic activation of Notch signaling in nr0b1 mutant embryos decreases the number of pdyn neurons.Taken together, our results suggest that nr0b1 regulates neural progenitor proliferation and maintenance to ensure normal hypothalamic neuron development.展开更多
Mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling governs important physiological and pathological processes key to cellular life.Loss of mTOR negative regulators and subsequent over-activation of mTOR signaling are majo...Mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling governs important physiological and pathological processes key to cellular life.Loss of mTOR negative regulators and subsequent over-activation of mTOR signaling are major causes underlying epileptic encephalopathy.Our previous studies showed that UBTOR/KIAA1024/MINAR1 acts as a negative regulator of mTOR signaling,but whether UBTOR plays a role in neurological diseases remains largely unknown.We therefore examined a zebrafish model and found that ubtor disruption caused increased spontaneous embryonic movement and neuronal activity in spinal interneurons,as well as the expected hyperactivation of mTOR signaling in early zebrafish embryos.In addition,mutant ubtor larvae showed increased sensitivity to the convulsant pentylenetetrazol,and both the motor activity and the neuronal activity were up-regulated.These phenotypic abnormalities in zebrafish embryos and larvae were rescued by treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin.Taken together,our findings show that ubtor regulates motor hyperactivity and epilepsy-like behaviors by elevating neuronal activity and activating mTOR signaling.展开更多
The previous study implies that the fractional operator may stem from the motion in fractal space or the motion of fractal structure abstracted from biological systems.This study is devoted to answering another essent...The previous study implies that the fractional operator may stem from the motion in fractal space or the motion of fractal structure abstracted from biological systems.This study is devoted to answering another essential question,i.e.,what determines the order of the fractional operator in fractal structure?This paper generalizes the concept of the fractal cell defined in the previous paper,explores the tree-like and net-like fractal structures with higher-order topology,abstracts two classes of higherorder fractal operators,and derives the algebraic equations satisfied by the fractal operators to answer this question.It is proved that the solutions of the algebraic equations for fractal operators are deterministically related to the fractional-time operators that are usually of fractional orders.By the Vieta theorem,the relation between the solutions of algebraic equations for fractal operators and the physical-component operators is clarified,and the duality constraints between them are revealed.The solutions of the fractal operators show that the topological invariants of the fractal cells are one of the essential factors in determining the fractional orders.A conjecture on the specific order of the fractional-time operator in fractal structure is proposed.展开更多
Due to the lack of surface dangling bonds in graphene,the direct growth of high-κ films via atomic layer deposition(ALD) technique often produces the dielectrics with a poor quality,which hinders its integration in m...Due to the lack of surface dangling bonds in graphene,the direct growth of high-κ films via atomic layer deposition(ALD) technique often produces the dielectrics with a poor quality,which hinders its integration in modern semiconductor industry.Previous pretreatment approaches,such as chemical functionalization with ozone and plasma treatments,would inevitably degrade the quality of the underlying graphene.Here,we tackled this problem by utilizing an effective and convenient physical method.In detail,the graphene surface was pretreated with the deposition of thermally evaporated ultrathin Al metal layer prior to the Al2O3 growth by ALD.Then the device was placed in a drying oven for 30 min to be naturally oxidized as a seed layer.With the assistance of an Al oxide seed layer,pinhole-free Al2O3 dielectrics growth on graphene was achieved.No detective defects or disorders were introduced into graphene by Raman characterization.Moreover,our fabricated graphene topgated field effect transistor exhibited high mobility(~6200 cm2V-1s-1) and high transconductance(~117 μS).Thin dielectrics demonstrated a relative permittivity of 6.5 over a large area and a leakage current less than1.6 p A/μm2.These results indicate that Al oxide functionalization is a promising pathway to achieve scaled gate dielectrics on graphene with high performance.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Program of China Litchi and Longan Research System(CARS-33-22)
文摘Phonological period and fruit quality of Jingganghongnuo （JGHN） grafted on the rootstocks of Feizixiao （FZX）, Heiye （HY） and Huaizhi （HZ） respectively were recorded and comparatively studied from 2015 to 2017. The results showed that the whitish millets and flowering stage of JGHN grafted on FZX and HY rootstocks were respectively 3-17 days and 1-3 days earlier than those on HZ. While the fruit maturation stage was 5-7 days ahead of in the same comparative situation. Compared to fruits grafted on HZ, mean fruit weight of JGHN grafted on HY and FZX were 38.1% and 35.8% bigger respectively than that on HZ. In addition, more closely heart-shaped and brighter pericarp color of JGHN fruit were observed with rootstock of HZ than that with other two kinds of rootstocks. In terms of aborted-seed rates of JGHN, average value with rootstock FZX was 81.7%, which was 58.0% higher than that with HY, and 2.49 times of those with HZ. Vc content of JGHN grafted on HY and FZX were 30.47 and 25.86 mg/100 g respectively, significantly higher than that grafted on HZ. TSS and TA of JGHN grafted on HZ were 17.8% and 0.14%, both were obviously higher than that grafted on FZX and HY.
基金supported by Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Target Vulnerability Assessment,Defense Engineering Institute,AMS,PLA(Grant No.YSX2024KFPG002)。
文摘Aiming at addressing the issues of unclear dynamic response mechanisms and insufficient quantification of temperature coupling effects in building structures under long-duration blast loads,this study investigates typical composite beam-slab structures through integrated blast shock tube experiments and multiscale numerical simulations using Voronoi-coupled Finite-Discrete Element Method(VoroFDEM).The research systematically reveals the dynamic response mechanisms and damage evolution patterns of composite beam-slab structures subjected to prolonged blast loading.An environmenttemperature-coupled P-I curve damage assessment system is established,and a rapid evaluation method based on image crack characteristics is proposed,achieving innovative transition from traditional mechanical indicators to intelligent recognition paradigms.Results demonstrate that composite beam-slab structures exhibit three-phase failure modes:elastic vibration,plastic hinge formation,and global collapse.Numerical simulations identify the brittle-to-ductile transition temperature threshold at-10℃,and establish a temperature-dependent piecewise function-based P-I curve prediction model,whose overpressure asymptote displays nonlinear temperature sensitivity within-50-30℃.A novel dual-mode evaluation methodology integrating Voro-FDEM numerical simulations with image-based damage feature recognition is developed,enabling quantitative mapping between crack area and destruction levels.These findings provide theoretical foundations and technical pathways for rapid blast damage assessment and protective engineering design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U24A20613 and 52370043)China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (No.51925803)。
文摘Microalgae can effectively degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water.However,the remediation mechanism of microalgae in PAH-contaminated soil remains unclear.In this study,the growth-promoting effects of wheat by Chlorella vulgaris in PAH-contaminated soil were studied.Structural changes in the rhizosphere bacterial community and the bacterial metabolism were further explored.It revealed that the addition of C.vulgaris promoted wheat’s dry weight and height by 10.22% and 122.15%,respectively.One explanation was the degradation and transformation of PAHs by C.vulgaris,which relieved the inhibitory effect on wheat growth.Compared with the blank control group,C.vulgaris addition enhanced the degradation efficiencies of phenanthrene (Phe) and pyrene (Pry) by 4.81% and 8.34%,respectively (with the initial concentrations in soil of 1.03×10^(4) and 2.21×10^(4)μg/g,respectively).The binding state of Phe and Pyr changed to a free state,which facilitated microbial degradation.The Phe and Pyr contents in wheat decreased by 22.23% and 18.54%,respectively.The presence of C.vulgaris increased the abundance of Sphingosinomonas bacteria capable of degrading PAHs by 95.24%.Enzyme activities related to the transport,oxidation,and dehydrogenation of PAHs in the bacterial community also increased.This study demonstrated C.vulgaris’multiple pathways for remediating PAH-polluted soil,including PAH degradation,nutrient and hormone release,and bacterial community adjustment.In conclusion,C.vulgaris addition enhanced the algae-bacteria symbiosis,which was of great significance for the removal of PAHs from the soil and the promotion of plant growth.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China[Grant No.20ZDA087].
文摘Dual control of energy consumption is an effective method proposed in China to launch and deepen the transition in energy use.It has obtained favorable results;however,the resource consumption and pollution emissions per unit of Gross Domestic Product(GDP)remain high.This article quantitatively studies the current policies’effects to promote the advancement of dual control of energy consumption and develop future policies.Green production and consumption policies promote the development of dual control of energy consumption;therefore,this paper examines these policies through text mining and a quantitative evaluation system.The results suggest strong state demand for developing green production and consumption and the necessity for scientific evaluation;however,the state’s focus on the relevant policy tools is imbalanced.Constraint policy tools have the highest proportion of restricting pollutant emissions but lack comprehensiveness.Incentive and guidance policy tools have the problems of poor targets and low volume.Additionally,by constructing policy modeling consistency(PMC)index models for evaluating green production and consumption policies,six selected policies indicate solid performance,but some still have problems regarding policy timeframe,policy function,and green process.Based on the conclusions,this paper provides some targeted recommendations.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 12050001,82050004,and 11672150).
文摘In the previous studies,the phenomenon that the interstitial fluid(ISF)can flow along tunica adventitia of the arteries and veins in both human and animal bodies was reported.On the basis of these studies,this paper aims to:(i)summarize the basic properties of the ISF flows in the walls of arteries and veins,(ii)combine the basic properties with axiomaticism and abstract the axiom for ISF flows,and(iii)propose three fundamental laws of the ISF flow,(i.e.,the existence law,the homotropic law and the reverse law).The three laws provide solid theoretical basement for exploring the kinematic patterns of interstitial fluid flow in the cardiovascular system.
基金Sponsored by the Program for Innovative Research Team in University of Yunnan Province and Major Projects of Yunnan Province(Grant No.2014FC001)
文摘The mathematical models are developed to evaluate the ultimate tensile strength( UTS) and hardness of CNTs / Al2024 composites fabricated by high-energy ball milling. The effects of the preparation variables which are milling time,rotational speed,mass fraction of CNTs and ball to powder ratio on UST and hardness of CNTs / Al2024 composites are investigated. Based on the central composite design( CCD),a quadratic model is developed to correlate the fabrication variables to the UST and hardness. From the analysis of variance( ANOVA),the most influential factor on each experimental design response is identified. The optimum conditions for preparing CNTs / Al2024 composites are found as follows: 1. 53 h milling time,900 r / min rotational speed,mass fraction of CNTs 2. 87% and Ball to powder ratio 25 ∶ 1. The predicted maximum UST and hardness are 273.30 MPa and 261.36 HV,respectively. And the experimental values are 283.25 MPa and256.8 HV,respectively. It is indicated that the predicted UST and hardness after process optimization are found to agree satisfactory with the experimental values.
文摘Although it is believed that glioma is derived from brain tumor stem cells, the source and molecular signal pathways of these cells are still unclear. In this study, we used stable doxycycline-inducible transgenic mouse brain tumor models （c-myc/SV40Tag＋/Tet-on＋） to explore the malignant trans- formation potential of neural stem cells by observing the differences of neural stem cells and brain tumor stem cells in the tumor models. Results showed that chromosome instability occurred in brain tumor stem cells. The numbers of cytolysosomes and autophagosomes in brain tumor stem cells and induced neural stem cells were lower and the proliferative activity was obviously stronger than that in normal neural stem cells. Normal neural stem cells could differentiate into glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive and microtubule associated protein-2-positive cells, which were also negative for nestin. However, glial fibrillary acidic protein/nestin, microtubule associated protein-2/nestin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein/microtubule associated protein-2 double-positive cells were found in induced neural stem cells and brain tumor stem cells. Results indicate that induced neural stem cells are similar to brain tumor stem cells, and are possibly the source of brain tumor stem cells.
文摘Objective To evaluate the long-term outcome and prognostic factors of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)from low-endemic regions of China who received definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT).Methods The clinical data from 608 patients with newly-diagnosed non-metastatic NPC who have received initial treatment at our cancer center from January,2008 to December,2013 were retrospectively reviewed.All patients received definitive IMRT,and 87.7%received platinum-based chemotherapy.Results The median follow-up duration was 51 months(follow-up rate,98.5%;range,10–106 months)for the entire cohort.The 5-year overall survival rate was 79.7%.The 5-year local relapse-free survival rate,regional relapse-free survival rate,distant metastasis-free survival rate and progression-free survival rate were 92.4%,93.3%,79.2%and 74.3%,respectively.A total of 153 patients had experienced treatment failure,with distant metastasis as the primary cause in 77.1%(118/153).Patients with T4 or N3 diseases had a significantly poorer prognosis than other subcategories.Stage T4 and N3 were closely associated with distant metastasis,with the metastatic rate of 29.3%and 45.5%,respectively.Conclusion IMRT provides patients with non-metastatic NPC with satisfactory long-term survival.Both T stage and N stage are important prognostic factors for NPC patients.Patients with T4 or N3 diseases have significantly increased distant metastatic rates and poor survival time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970917)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0801000)+2 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2018SHZDZX01)ZJ LabShanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology (Shanghai, China)。
文摘The nuclear receptor DAX-1, encoded by the NR0B1 gene, is presented in the hypothalamic tissues in humans and other vertebrates. Human patients with NR0B1 mutations often have hypothalamic-pituitary defects, but the involvement of NR0B1 in hypothalamic development and function is not well understood. Here, we report the disruption of the nr0b1 gene in zebrafish causes abnormal expression of gonadotropins, a reduction in fertilization rate, and an increase in postfasting food intake, which are indicators of abnormal hypothalamic functions. We find that loss of nr0b1 increases the number of prodynorphin(pdyn)-expressing neurons but decreases the number of pro-opiomelanocortin(pomcb)-expressing neurons in the zebrafish hypothalamic arcuate region(ARC). Further examination reveals that the proliferation of progenitor cells is reduced in the hypothalamus of nr0b1 mutant embryos accompanying the decreased expression of genes in the Notch signaling pathway. Additionally, the inhibition of Notch signaling in wildtype embryos increases the number of pdyn neurons, mimicking the nr0b1 mutant phenotype. In contrast,ectopic activation of Notch signaling in nr0b1 mutant embryos decreases the number of pdyn neurons.Taken together, our results suggest that nr0b1 regulates neural progenitor proliferation and maintenance to ensure normal hypothalamic neuron development.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0801000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371099 and 31571067)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX01)ZJ Lab,and Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology(Shanghai,China).
文摘Mechanistic target of rapamycin(mTOR)signaling governs important physiological and pathological processes key to cellular life.Loss of mTOR negative regulators and subsequent over-activation of mTOR signaling are major causes underlying epileptic encephalopathy.Our previous studies showed that UBTOR/KIAA1024/MINAR1 acts as a negative regulator of mTOR signaling,but whether UBTOR plays a role in neurological diseases remains largely unknown.We therefore examined a zebrafish model and found that ubtor disruption caused increased spontaneous embryonic movement and neuronal activity in spinal interneurons,as well as the expected hyperactivation of mTOR signaling in early zebrafish embryos.In addition,mutant ubtor larvae showed increased sensitivity to the convulsant pentylenetetrazol,and both the motor activity and the neuronal activity were up-regulated.These phenotypic abnormalities in zebrafish embryos and larvae were rescued by treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin.Taken together,our findings show that ubtor regulates motor hyperactivity and epilepsy-like behaviors by elevating neuronal activity and activating mTOR signaling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12050001,and 11672150).
文摘The previous study implies that the fractional operator may stem from the motion in fractal space or the motion of fractal structure abstracted from biological systems.This study is devoted to answering another essential question,i.e.,what determines the order of the fractional operator in fractal structure?This paper generalizes the concept of the fractal cell defined in the previous paper,explores the tree-like and net-like fractal structures with higher-order topology,abstracts two classes of higherorder fractal operators,and derives the algebraic equations satisfied by the fractal operators to answer this question.It is proved that the solutions of the algebraic equations for fractal operators are deterministically related to the fractional-time operators that are usually of fractional orders.By the Vieta theorem,the relation between the solutions of algebraic equations for fractal operators and the physical-component operators is clarified,and the duality constraints between them are revealed.The solutions of the fractal operators show that the topological invariants of the fractal cells are one of the essential factors in determining the fractional orders.A conjecture on the specific order of the fractional-time operator in fractal structure is proposed.
基金Supported by Strengthening Project of Science and Technology Commission Foundation under Grant No.2019JCJQZD。
文摘Due to the lack of surface dangling bonds in graphene,the direct growth of high-κ films via atomic layer deposition(ALD) technique often produces the dielectrics with a poor quality,which hinders its integration in modern semiconductor industry.Previous pretreatment approaches,such as chemical functionalization with ozone and plasma treatments,would inevitably degrade the quality of the underlying graphene.Here,we tackled this problem by utilizing an effective and convenient physical method.In detail,the graphene surface was pretreated with the deposition of thermally evaporated ultrathin Al metal layer prior to the Al2O3 growth by ALD.Then the device was placed in a drying oven for 30 min to be naturally oxidized as a seed layer.With the assistance of an Al oxide seed layer,pinhole-free Al2O3 dielectrics growth on graphene was achieved.No detective defects or disorders were introduced into graphene by Raman characterization.Moreover,our fabricated graphene topgated field effect transistor exhibited high mobility(~6200 cm2V-1s-1) and high transconductance(~117 μS).Thin dielectrics demonstrated a relative permittivity of 6.5 over a large area and a leakage current less than1.6 p A/μm2.These results indicate that Al oxide functionalization is a promising pathway to achieve scaled gate dielectrics on graphene with high performance.
