Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common and deadliest subtype of liver cancer worldwide and,therefore,poses an enormous threat to global health.Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common and deadliest subtype of liver cancer worldwide and,therefore,poses an enormous threat to global health.Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of HCC is central to improving our clinical approaches.PIWIinteracting RNAs(piRNAs)are a class of small non-coding RNAs that bind to PIWI family proteins to regulate gene expression at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.A growing body of work shows that the dysregulation of piRNAs plays a crucial role in the progression of various human cancers.In this editorial,we report on the current knowledge of HCC-associated piRNAs and their potential clinical utility.Based on the editorial by Papadopoulos and Trifylli,on the role and clinical evaluation of exosomal circular RNAs in HCC,we highlight this other emerging class of non-coding RNAs.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), the predominant form of primary liver cancer, is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancerrelated death. The difficulty to diagnose early cancer stages...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), the predominant form of primary liver cancer, is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancerrelated death. The difficulty to diagnose early cancer stages, the aggressive behaviors of HCC, and the poor effectiveness of therapeutic treatments, represent the reasons for the quite similar deaths per year and incidence number. Considering the fact that the diagnosis of HCC typically occurs in the advanced stages of the disease when the therapeutic options have only modest efficacy, the possibility to identify early diagnostic markers could be of significant benefit. So far, a large number of biomarkers have been associated to HCC progression and aggressiveness, but many of them turned out not to be of practical utility. This is the reason why active investigations are ongoing in this field. Given the huge amount of published works aimed at the identification of HCC biomarkers, in this review we mainly focused on the data published in the last year, with particular attention to the role of(1) molecular and biochemical cellular markers;(2) micro-interfering RNAs;(3) epigenetic variations; and(4) tumor stroma. It is worth mentioning that a significant number of the HCC markers described in the present review may be utilized also as targets for novel therapeutic approaches, indicating the tight relation between diagnosis and therapy. In conclusion, we believe that integrated researches among the different lines of investigation indicated above should represent the winning strategies to identify effective HCC markers and therapeutic targets.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the predominant form of primary liver cancer and represents the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Current available therapeutic approaches are poorly effective,esp...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the predominant form of primary liver cancer and represents the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Current available therapeutic approaches are poorly effective,especially for the advanced forms of the disease. In the last year,short double stranded RNA molecules termed small interfering RNAs(si RNAs) and micro interfering RNAs(mi RNA),emerged as interesting molecules with potential therapeutic value for HCC. The practical use of these molecules is however limited by the identification of optimal molecular targets and especially by the lack of effective and targeted HCC delivery systems. Here we focus our discussion on the most recent advances in the identification of si RNAs/mi RNAs molecular targets and on the development of suitable si RNA/mi RNAs delivery systems.展开更多
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common and deadliest subtype of liver cancer worldwide and,therefore,poses an enormous threat to global health.Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of HCC is central to improving our clinical approaches.PIWIinteracting RNAs(piRNAs)are a class of small non-coding RNAs that bind to PIWI family proteins to regulate gene expression at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.A growing body of work shows that the dysregulation of piRNAs plays a crucial role in the progression of various human cancers.In this editorial,we report on the current knowledge of HCC-associated piRNAs and their potential clinical utility.Based on the editorial by Papadopoulos and Trifylli,on the role and clinical evaluation of exosomal circular RNAs in HCC,we highlight this other emerging class of non-coding RNAs.
基金Supported by "Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio of Trieste","Fondazione Benefica Kathleen Foreman Casali of Trieste" and Italian Minister of Instruction,University and Research(MIUR),No.PRIN 2010-11 and No.20109PLMH2
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), the predominant form of primary liver cancer, is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancerrelated death. The difficulty to diagnose early cancer stages, the aggressive behaviors of HCC, and the poor effectiveness of therapeutic treatments, represent the reasons for the quite similar deaths per year and incidence number. Considering the fact that the diagnosis of HCC typically occurs in the advanced stages of the disease when the therapeutic options have only modest efficacy, the possibility to identify early diagnostic markers could be of significant benefit. So far, a large number of biomarkers have been associated to HCC progression and aggressiveness, but many of them turned out not to be of practical utility. This is the reason why active investigations are ongoing in this field. Given the huge amount of published works aimed at the identification of HCC biomarkers, in this review we mainly focused on the data published in the last year, with particular attention to the role of(1) molecular and biochemical cellular markers;(2) micro-interfering RNAs;(3) epigenetic variations; and(4) tumor stroma. It is worth mentioning that a significant number of the HCC markers described in the present review may be utilized also as targets for novel therapeutic approaches, indicating the tight relation between diagnosis and therapy. In conclusion, we believe that integrated researches among the different lines of investigation indicated above should represent the winning strategies to identify effective HCC markers and therapeutic targets.
基金Supported by"Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio of Trieste"the"Fondazione Benefica Kathleen Foreman Casali of Trieste"+2 种基金the"Beneficentia Stiftung"of Vaduz Liechtensteinthe Italian Minister of Instruction,UniversityResearch(MIUR),PRIN 2010-11,No.20109PLMH2(in part)
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the predominant form of primary liver cancer and represents the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Current available therapeutic approaches are poorly effective,especially for the advanced forms of the disease. In the last year,short double stranded RNA molecules termed small interfering RNAs(si RNAs) and micro interfering RNAs(mi RNA),emerged as interesting molecules with potential therapeutic value for HCC. The practical use of these molecules is however limited by the identification of optimal molecular targets and especially by the lack of effective and targeted HCC delivery systems. Here we focus our discussion on the most recent advances in the identification of si RNAs/mi RNAs molecular targets and on the development of suitable si RNA/mi RNAs delivery systems.
基金Supported by The "Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio of Triestethe "Fondazione Benefica Kathleen Foreman Casali of Trieste"the Italian Minister of Instruction,University and Research(MIUR),PRIN 2010-11,No.20109PLMH2(in part)
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effects of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BZB) on E2Fs and related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.
