Objective: to explore the optimal initiating and withdrawing time of antiviral therapy for pregnant women in the immune-tolerant phase of chronic HBV infection. Methods: from January 2017 to December 2020, a total of ...Objective: to explore the optimal initiating and withdrawing time of antiviral therapy for pregnant women in the immune-tolerant phase of chronic HBV infection. Methods: from January 2017 to December 2020, a total of 104 pregnant women with immune tolerance to chronic HBV infection who were treated in the outpatient department of infectious diseases of Southwest Hospitalwere recruited. They recieved TDF/LdT at the 24th or 28th week of gestation, and withdrawed the treatment at delivery or one month after delivery. According to the beginning time of antiviral therapy, the subjects were divided into group A (24th week of gestation) and group B (28th week of gestation). The changes of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA and ALT levels in the two groups before delivery were compared, and further subgroup analysis was carried out according to different antiviral schemes. According to the withdraw time of antivirals, they were divided into group C (at delivery) and group D (one month after delivery). The changes of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA and ALT in the two groups at 0 day, 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after the drug withdrawal were analysed to evaluate the optimal timing to discontinue antiviral therapy. All newborns were received the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine (10μg recombinant yeast vaccine) and HBIG(100 IU) within 1 hour of birth, followed by the second and third doses of vaccine at 1 and 6 months of age, respectively. Serum hepatitis B virus markers were detected when they were between 7 and 12 months. Results: HBV DNA can be effectively inhibited before delivery, no matter whether the pregnant women start antiviral therapy (LdT or TDF) at 24 or 28 weeks of gestation, and the blocking rate of mother-to-child transmission is 100%. For those who initialed treatment at 24 weeks of gestation, there was no significant difference of HBV DNA load between LdT and TDF at 36 weeks gestation (P 0.115). However, for those who initialed treatment at 28 weeks of gestation, the level of HBV DNA in TDF group was significantly lower than that in LdT group at 36 weeks gestation (P0.046). There were no significant differences of serum HBsAg, HBeAg and ALT levels between group C and group D at baseline, the time of withdrawal, and4th ,12th,24th week after withdrawal (P > 0.05), but the HBV DNA level in group C at the time of withdrawal and the 4th week after drug withdrawal were both significantly higher than that in the group D (P0.007 and P0.000, respectively). By 12 weeks after drug withdrawal, the HBV DNA load of all puerperae gradually increased to the pre-treatment level and 2 (1.9%) of them showed abnormal liver function. After re-administration of antiviral treatment, the HBV DNA was successfully inhibited and the liver function returned to normal at the 24th week.. Conclusion: For pregnant women at immune tolerance phase of HBV, antiviral therapy can effectively to prevent the mother-to-child transmission, regardless of the initial treatment time (24th or 28th week of gestation).Compared with LdT, TDF demonstrated a stronger efficacy in the suppression of HBV replication. Antiviral treatment to pregnant women at immune tolerance stage to reduce the mother-to-child transmission of HBV is effective and safe. The risk of disease relapse after antiviral treatment withdraw is low, and there is no difference of relapse risk between group C and group D.展开更多
A virtual lab system is the simulation of real devices and experiments usingcomputer and network technology. It can make users do experiments easily, observe experimentphenomena and results through the remote terminal...A virtual lab system is the simulation of real devices and experiments usingcomputer and network technology. It can make users do experiments easily, observe experimentphenomena and results through the remote terminal. Consequently, users can get final results toverify relative theory. The article analyses the features of virtual lab systems. A real virtual labsystem named 'Multimedia Virtual Lab for Digital Circuit Logic Design (MVLDCLD)' which has beendeveloped by the authors and their group is also presented.展开更多
The Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) enjoys widespread popularity as methodsfor blind beamform-ing and equalization of communication signals, CMA is straightforward toimplement, robust, and computationally of moderate...The Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) enjoys widespread popularity as methodsfor blind beamform-ing and equalization of communication signals, CMA is straightforward toimplement, robust, and computationally of moderate complexity. Furthermore, it is insensitive toarray imperfection. In an environment containing multiple constant modulus signals, the signalextracted by CMA depends on the relative power of the incident signals. According previous works,the CMA is prone to capture the strongest Constant Modulus (CM) signal at the output of the array.In this paper, we show that the weak CM signal could be recovered by CMA_(1-2) and CMA_(2-1) whensetting special step-size. Simulation examples confirm our remarks.展开更多
In the process of ultrafiltration, the occurrence of the limiting flux iselucidated with the formation of a cake(gel) layer on the membrane surface. Before cake formation,the pressure drop on the concentration polariz...In the process of ultrafiltration, the occurrence of the limiting flux iselucidated with the formation of a cake(gel) layer on the membrane surface. Before cake formation,the pressure drop on the concentration polarization layer, as well as the permeate flux, increaseswith the applied pressure. The pressure drop on the concentration polarization layer, however, willno longer change with the applied pressure after the formation of the cake layer. The limiting fluxwill be obtained if the hydrodynamic conditions in the filtration channel are not affected by thecake layer. A mathematics model for predicting the limiting flux for the charged solute inultrafiltration is developed. In this model, a repulsive electric force is taken into account inaddition to convection and diffusion when the solute is carrying the same charge as the membranematerial. A procedure to correlate the model with experimental ultrafiltration data is also present.The results show that a model in this paper is developed on a more realistic perception of theultrafiltration system and the predicting data agrees well with experimental data.展开更多
文摘The European Union Chamber of Commerce Business Confidence Survey 2010 was released by the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China in partnership
文摘Objective: to explore the optimal initiating and withdrawing time of antiviral therapy for pregnant women in the immune-tolerant phase of chronic HBV infection. Methods: from January 2017 to December 2020, a total of 104 pregnant women with immune tolerance to chronic HBV infection who were treated in the outpatient department of infectious diseases of Southwest Hospitalwere recruited. They recieved TDF/LdT at the 24th or 28th week of gestation, and withdrawed the treatment at delivery or one month after delivery. According to the beginning time of antiviral therapy, the subjects were divided into group A (24th week of gestation) and group B (28th week of gestation). The changes of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA and ALT levels in the two groups before delivery were compared, and further subgroup analysis was carried out according to different antiviral schemes. According to the withdraw time of antivirals, they were divided into group C (at delivery) and group D (one month after delivery). The changes of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA and ALT in the two groups at 0 day, 4 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks after the drug withdrawal were analysed to evaluate the optimal timing to discontinue antiviral therapy. All newborns were received the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine (10μg recombinant yeast vaccine) and HBIG(100 IU) within 1 hour of birth, followed by the second and third doses of vaccine at 1 and 6 months of age, respectively. Serum hepatitis B virus markers were detected when they were between 7 and 12 months. Results: HBV DNA can be effectively inhibited before delivery, no matter whether the pregnant women start antiviral therapy (LdT or TDF) at 24 or 28 weeks of gestation, and the blocking rate of mother-to-child transmission is 100%. For those who initialed treatment at 24 weeks of gestation, there was no significant difference of HBV DNA load between LdT and TDF at 36 weeks gestation (P 0.115). However, for those who initialed treatment at 28 weeks of gestation, the level of HBV DNA in TDF group was significantly lower than that in LdT group at 36 weeks gestation (P0.046). There were no significant differences of serum HBsAg, HBeAg and ALT levels between group C and group D at baseline, the time of withdrawal, and4th ,12th,24th week after withdrawal (P > 0.05), but the HBV DNA level in group C at the time of withdrawal and the 4th week after drug withdrawal were both significantly higher than that in the group D (P0.007 and P0.000, respectively). By 12 weeks after drug withdrawal, the HBV DNA load of all puerperae gradually increased to the pre-treatment level and 2 (1.9%) of them showed abnormal liver function. After re-administration of antiviral treatment, the HBV DNA was successfully inhibited and the liver function returned to normal at the 24th week.. Conclusion: For pregnant women at immune tolerance phase of HBV, antiviral therapy can effectively to prevent the mother-to-child transmission, regardless of the initial treatment time (24th or 28th week of gestation).Compared with LdT, TDF demonstrated a stronger efficacy in the suppression of HBV replication. Antiviral treatment to pregnant women at immune tolerance stage to reduce the mother-to-child transmission of HBV is effective and safe. The risk of disease relapse after antiviral treatment withdraw is low, and there is no difference of relapse risk between group C and group D.
文摘A virtual lab system is the simulation of real devices and experiments usingcomputer and network technology. It can make users do experiments easily, observe experimentphenomena and results through the remote terminal. Consequently, users can get final results toverify relative theory. The article analyses the features of virtual lab systems. A real virtual labsystem named 'Multimedia Virtual Lab for Digital Circuit Logic Design (MVLDCLD)' which has beendeveloped by the authors and their group is also presented.
文摘The Constant Modulus Algorithm (CMA) enjoys widespread popularity as methodsfor blind beamform-ing and equalization of communication signals, CMA is straightforward toimplement, robust, and computationally of moderate complexity. Furthermore, it is insensitive toarray imperfection. In an environment containing multiple constant modulus signals, the signalextracted by CMA depends on the relative power of the incident signals. According previous works,the CMA is prone to capture the strongest Constant Modulus (CM) signal at the output of the array.In this paper, we show that the weak CM signal could be recovered by CMA_(1-2) and CMA_(2-1) whensetting special step-size. Simulation examples confirm our remarks.
文摘In the process of ultrafiltration, the occurrence of the limiting flux iselucidated with the formation of a cake(gel) layer on the membrane surface. Before cake formation,the pressure drop on the concentration polarization layer, as well as the permeate flux, increaseswith the applied pressure. The pressure drop on the concentration polarization layer, however, willno longer change with the applied pressure after the formation of the cake layer. The limiting fluxwill be obtained if the hydrodynamic conditions in the filtration channel are not affected by thecake layer. A mathematics model for predicting the limiting flux for the charged solute inultrafiltration is developed. In this model, a repulsive electric force is taken into account inaddition to convection and diffusion when the solute is carrying the same charge as the membranematerial. A procedure to correlate the model with experimental ultrafiltration data is also present.The results show that a model in this paper is developed on a more realistic perception of theultrafiltration system and the predicting data agrees well with experimental data.
