Parkinson’s disease is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder,and few reliable biomarkers are available to track disease progression.The proteins,DNA,mRNA,and lipids carried by exosomes reflect...Parkinson’s disease is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder,and few reliable biomarkers are available to track disease progression.The proteins,DNA,mRNA,and lipids carried by exosomes reflect intracellular changes,and thus can serve as biomarkers for a variety of conditions.In this study,we investigated alterations in the protein content of plasma exosomes derived from patients with Parkinson’s disease and the potential therapeutic roles of these proteins in Parkinson’s disease.Using a tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics approach,we characterized the proteomes of plasma exosomes derived from individual patients,identified exosomal protein signatures specific to patients with Parkinson’s disease,and identified N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase as a differentially expressed protein.N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase expression levels in exosomes from the plasma of patients and healthy controls were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot.The results demonstrated that the exosomal N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase concentration was not only lower in Parkinson’s disease,but also decreased with increasing Hoehn-Yahr stage,suggesting that N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase could be used to rapidly evaluate Parkinson’s disease severity.Furthermore,western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase levels were markedly reduced both in cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and cells overexpressingα-synuclein compared with control cells.Additionally,N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase overexpression significantly increased cell viability and inhibitedα-synuclein expression in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-treated cells.Taken together,our findings demonstrate for the first time that exosomal N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase may serve as a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease diagnosis,and that N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase may reduceα-synuclein expression and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity,thus providing a new therapeutic target for Parkinson’s disease.展开更多
Chloroplasts most likely originated from the endosymbiosis of cyanobacterial ancestors,entering the eukaryotic lineage about 1.0-1.5 billion years ago(Parfrey et al.,2011;Archibald,2015).Consequently,their biogenesis ...Chloroplasts most likely originated from the endosymbiosis of cyanobacterial ancestors,entering the eukaryotic lineage about 1.0-1.5 billion years ago(Parfrey et al.,2011;Archibald,2015).Consequently,their biogenesis depends on genetic information from both the nuclear and chloroplast genomes.Photosynthetic housekeeping genes of core components in photosystemsⅠandⅡ(PSI and PSII)are encoded by the plastid genome。展开更多
The main symptoms of cotton viral diseases,bacterial diseases,fungal diseases and physiological diseases are introduced,and the corresponding prevention and control techniques are put forward,in order to provide a cer...The main symptoms of cotton viral diseases,bacterial diseases,fungal diseases and physiological diseases are introduced,and the corresponding prevention and control techniques are put forward,in order to provide a certain basis for the improvement of cotton yield and quality.展开更多
Developing multifunctional devices capable of on-demand task switching is crucial for highly integrated intelligent systems.We introduce a multifunctional ultraviolet(UV)photodetector(PD)based on an AlScN/GaN heteroju...Developing multifunctional devices capable of on-demand task switching is crucial for highly integrated intelligent systems.We introduce a multifunctional ultraviolet(UV)photodetector(PD)based on an AlScN/GaN heterojunction,featuring dynamically reconfigurable operating modes via bias voltages.At low bias voltages,it functions as a fast and highly sensitive UV PD(the specific detectivity reaching 9.37×10^(12) Jones),applied in high-speed imaging and optical communication.Interestingly,at higher bias voltages,the device exhibits a persistent photoconductivity effect.This behavior enables the effective emulation of biological synaptic plasticity,including key functions such as excitatory postsynaptic current,paired-pulse facilitation,and the transition from short-term memory to long-term memory.Leveraging this unique biascontrolled characteristic,we introduce a hardware-intrinsic encrypted optical imaging scheme by ingeniously combining the device’s distinct fast and slow photoresponse dynamics.Secure image access is achieved by employing a combination of synchronized optical inputs and dynamic biasing protocols as security keys.We demonstrate a single AlScN/GaN optoelectronic device platform for achieving reconfigurable multifunctionality and hardware-level encrypted imaging,holding significant potential for neuromorphic computing and highly secure information systems.展开更多
Calcium is a crucial macronutrient and functions as a widespread signal in eukaryotes,ranging from yeast,plants to animals.As crucial second messengers,calcium ions(Ca^(2+))play indispensable roles in plant growth and...Calcium is a crucial macronutrient and functions as a widespread signal in eukaryotes,ranging from yeast,plants to animals.As crucial second messengers,calcium ions(Ca^(2+))play indispensable roles in plant growth and development,response to external stressors,and signal transduction by modulating downstream cellular responses,including gene expression,metabolic activities,and transport functions[1,2].Unlike other nutrients,the levels of Ca^(2+)in the extracellular space and in certain intracellular stores are typically 10,000 times higher than resting cytoplasmic Ca^(2+)([Ca^(2+)]_(cyt))levels.This substantial gradient poses potential risks of[Ca^(2+)]_(cyt)overload and toxicity,and it can also lead to a rapid and transient increase in[Ca^(2+)]_(cyt),which is a key signaling mechanism for plants to respond to environmental cues.To mitigate the cytotoxicity of Ca^(2+)and continuously maintain the potential to generate specific Ca^(2+)signals,it is essential to keep the resting[Ca^(2+)]_(cyt)at a low level of approximately 100 nmol/L[3].Calcium homeostasis is fundamental for maintaining cellular function and organismal health in plants.展开更多
Monolithic white-light-emitting diodes(white LEDs) without phosphors are demonstrated using In GaN/GaN multiple quantum wells(MQWs) grown on GaN microrings formed by selective area epitaxy on SiO_2 mask patterns. The...Monolithic white-light-emitting diodes(white LEDs) without phosphors are demonstrated using In GaN/GaN multiple quantum wells(MQWs) grown on GaN microrings formed by selective area epitaxy on SiO_2 mask patterns. The microring structure is composed of {1-101} semi-polar facets and a(0001) c-plane, attributed to favorable surface polarity and surface energy. The white light is realized by combining short and long wavelengths of electroluminescence emissions from In GaN /GaN MQWs on the {1-101} semi-polar facets and the(0001) c-plane,respectively. The change in the emission wavelengths from each microfacet is due to the In composition variations of the MQWs. These results suggest that white emission can possibly be obtained without using phosphors by combining emission light from microstructures.展开更多
The photonic topological insulator has become an important research topic with a wide range of applications.Especially the higher-order topological insulator,which possesses gapped edge states and corner or hinge stat...The photonic topological insulator has become an important research topic with a wide range of applications.Especially the higher-order topological insulator,which possesses gapped edge states and corner or hinge states in the gap,provides a new scheme for the control of light in a hierarchy of dimensions.In this paper,we propose a heterostructure composed of ordinary-topological-ordinary(OTO)photonic crystal slabs.Two coupled edge states(CESs)are generated due to the coupling between the topological edge states of the ordinary-topological interfaces,which opens up an effective way for high-capacity photonic transport.In addition,we obtain a new band gap between the CESs,and the two kinds of coupled corner states(CCSs)appear in the OTO bend structure.In addition,the topological corner state is also found,which arises from the filling anomaly of a lattice.Compared with the previous topological photonic crystal based on C-4 lattice,CESs,CCSs,and the topological corner state are all directly observed in experiment by using the near-field scanning technique,which makes the manipulation of the electromagnetic wave more flexible.We also verify that the three corner states are all robust to defects.Our work opens up a new way for guiding and trapping the light flow and provides a useful case for the coupling of topological photonic states.展开更多
Bacterial blight poses a threat to rice production and food security,which can be controlled through large-scale breeding efforts toward resistant cultivars.Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing provides an alter...Bacterial blight poses a threat to rice production and food security,which can be controlled through large-scale breeding efforts toward resistant cultivars.Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing provides an alternative means for the infield phenotype evaluation of crop disease resistance to relatively time-consuming and laborious traditional methods.However,the quality of data acquired by UAV can be affected by several factors such as weather,crop growth period,and geographical location,which can limit their utility for the detection of crop disease and resistant phenotypes.Therefore,a more effective use of UAV data for crop disease phenotype analysis is required.In this paper,we used time series UAV remote sensing data together with accumulated temperature data to train the rice bacterial blight severity evaluation model.The best results obtained with the predictive model showed an R_(p)^(2) of 0.86 with an RMSE_(p) of 0.65.Moreover,model updating strategy was used to explore the scalability of the established model in different geographical locations.Twenty percent of transferred data for model training was useful for the evaluation of disease severity over different sites.In addition,the method for phenotypic analysis of rice disease we built here was combined with quantitative trait loci(QTL)analysis to identify resistance QTL in genetic populations at different growth stages.Three new QTLs were identified,and QTLs identified at different growth stages were inconsistent.QTL analysis combined with UAV high-throughput phenotyping provides new ideas for accelerating disease resistance breeding.展开更多
We have fabricated the Al Ga N solar-blind ultraviolet metal–semiconductor–metal(MSM)photodetectors(PDs)with an Al composition of 0.55.The surface roughness and dislocations of the high-Al-content Al0.55 Ga0.45 N ep...We have fabricated the Al Ga N solar-blind ultraviolet metal–semiconductor–metal(MSM)photodetectors(PDs)with an Al composition of 0.55.The surface roughness and dislocations of the high-Al-content Al0.55 Ga0.45 N epitaxial layer are analyzed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy,respectively.The device exhibits high spectral responsivity and external quantum efficiency due to the photoconductive gain effect.The current reveals a strong dependence on high temperatures in the range of 4–10 V.Moreover,the Poole–Frenkel emission model and changing space charge regions are employed to explain the carrier transport and photoconductive gain mechanisms for the Al Ga N PD,respectively.展开更多
Luminescent materials with multi-emission features are difficult to be replicated, which are highly desirable for advanced anti-counterfeiting. Here, we report the pioneering synthesis of Mn^(2+)/Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+) tri-d...Luminescent materials with multi-emission features are difficult to be replicated, which are highly desirable for advanced anti-counterfeiting. Here, we report the pioneering synthesis of Mn^(2+)/Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+) tri-doped Cs2Ag0.8Na0.2InCl6 double perovskites (MYE-DP), which exhibit photoluminescence (PL) covering from visible to near-infrared (NIR). The PL colors under excitations of 254 and 365 nm are notably different due to the changed relative emission intensities of self-trapped excitons (STEs) and Mn^(2+) d–d transition. Moreover, under the excitation of a NIR laser, the MYE-DP exhibits upconversion (UC) emissions of Mn^(2+) and Er^(3+). After ceasing the excitation, the long-lived trapped electrons can be thermally released to Mn^(2+) and Er^(3+) ions, resulting in both visible and NIR afterglow. Based on multi-modal emissions of the MYE-DP, we demonstrate a five-level anti-counterfeiting strategy, which significantly increases the anti-counterfeiting security. In addition, this work provides valuable insights into the energy transfer between STEs, Mn^(2+), Ln^(3+), and traps, laying a solid foundation for future development of new lead-free perovskites.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology(S&T)Program of Hebei Province,No.22377798D(to YZ).
文摘Parkinson’s disease is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder,and few reliable biomarkers are available to track disease progression.The proteins,DNA,mRNA,and lipids carried by exosomes reflect intracellular changes,and thus can serve as biomarkers for a variety of conditions.In this study,we investigated alterations in the protein content of plasma exosomes derived from patients with Parkinson’s disease and the potential therapeutic roles of these proteins in Parkinson’s disease.Using a tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics approach,we characterized the proteomes of plasma exosomes derived from individual patients,identified exosomal protein signatures specific to patients with Parkinson’s disease,and identified N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase as a differentially expressed protein.N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase expression levels in exosomes from the plasma of patients and healthy controls were validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot.The results demonstrated that the exosomal N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase concentration was not only lower in Parkinson’s disease,but also decreased with increasing Hoehn-Yahr stage,suggesting that N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase could be used to rapidly evaluate Parkinson’s disease severity.Furthermore,western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase levels were markedly reduced both in cells treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium and cells overexpressingα-synuclein compared with control cells.Additionally,N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase overexpression significantly increased cell viability and inhibitedα-synuclein expression in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-treated cells.Taken together,our findings demonstrate for the first time that exosomal N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase may serve as a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease diagnosis,and that N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase may reduceα-synuclein expression and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity,thus providing a new therapeutic target for Parkinson’s disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31671336 and 31972958)the Start-Up Funds for High Level Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University(663-1120001)the First Class Grassland Science Discipline Program of Shandong Province,China。
文摘Chloroplasts most likely originated from the endosymbiosis of cyanobacterial ancestors,entering the eukaryotic lineage about 1.0-1.5 billion years ago(Parfrey et al.,2011;Archibald,2015).Consequently,their biogenesis depends on genetic information from both the nuclear and chloroplast genomes.Photosynthetic housekeeping genes of core components in photosystemsⅠandⅡ(PSI and PSII)are encoded by the plastid genome。
文摘The main symptoms of cotton viral diseases,bacterial diseases,fungal diseases and physiological diseases are introduced,and the corresponding prevention and control techniques are put forward,in order to provide a certain basis for the improvement of cotton yield and quality.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62374075,62274017,62174016,and 62074019)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of Jiangnan University(Grant Nos.JUSRP202504018 and JUSRP202501142)the Research and Practice Projects on Postgraduate Education and Teaching Reform of Jiangnan University(Grant No.YJSJGZD24_006).
文摘Developing multifunctional devices capable of on-demand task switching is crucial for highly integrated intelligent systems.We introduce a multifunctional ultraviolet(UV)photodetector(PD)based on an AlScN/GaN heterojunction,featuring dynamically reconfigurable operating modes via bias voltages.At low bias voltages,it functions as a fast and highly sensitive UV PD(the specific detectivity reaching 9.37×10^(12) Jones),applied in high-speed imaging and optical communication.Interestingly,at higher bias voltages,the device exhibits a persistent photoconductivity effect.This behavior enables the effective emulation of biological synaptic plasticity,including key functions such as excitatory postsynaptic current,paired-pulse facilitation,and the transition from short-term memory to long-term memory.Leveraging this unique biascontrolled characteristic,we introduce a hardware-intrinsic encrypted optical imaging scheme by ingeniously combining the device’s distinct fast and slow photoresponse dynamics.Secure image access is achieved by employing a combination of synchronized optical inputs and dynamic biasing protocols as security keys.We demonstrate a single AlScN/GaN optoelectronic device platform for achieving reconfigurable multifunctionality and hardware-level encrypted imaging,holding significant potential for neuromorphic computing and highly secure information systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31701063)the Talents of High-Level Scientific Research Foundation of Qingdao Agricultural University(6631120074and 6651118004)+1 种基金Shandong Forage Research System(SDAIT-23-01)supported by the National Science Foundation(2344945)。
文摘Calcium is a crucial macronutrient and functions as a widespread signal in eukaryotes,ranging from yeast,plants to animals.As crucial second messengers,calcium ions(Ca^(2+))play indispensable roles in plant growth and development,response to external stressors,and signal transduction by modulating downstream cellular responses,including gene expression,metabolic activities,and transport functions[1,2].Unlike other nutrients,the levels of Ca^(2+)in the extracellular space and in certain intracellular stores are typically 10,000 times higher than resting cytoplasmic Ca^(2+)([Ca^(2+)]_(cyt))levels.This substantial gradient poses potential risks of[Ca^(2+)]_(cyt)overload and toxicity,and it can also lead to a rapid and transient increase in[Ca^(2+)]_(cyt),which is a key signaling mechanism for plants to respond to environmental cues.To mitigate the cytotoxicity of Ca^(2+)and continuously maintain the potential to generate specific Ca^(2+)signals,it is essential to keep the resting[Ca^(2+)]_(cyt)at a low level of approximately 100 nmol/L[3].Calcium homeostasis is fundamental for maintaining cellular function and organismal health in plants.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Nos. BK20150158, BK2011436, and BM2014402)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos. 2014M561623 and 2014M551559)+1 种基金Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds (No. 1401013B)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (Nos. JUSRP51517 and JUSRP11408)
文摘Monolithic white-light-emitting diodes(white LEDs) without phosphors are demonstrated using In GaN/GaN multiple quantum wells(MQWs) grown on GaN microrings formed by selective area epitaxy on SiO_2 mask patterns. The microring structure is composed of {1-101} semi-polar facets and a(0001) c-plane, attributed to favorable surface polarity and surface energy. The white light is realized by combining short and long wavelengths of electroluminescence emissions from In GaN /GaN MQWs on the {1-101} semi-polar facets and the(0001) c-plane,respectively. The change in the emission wavelengths from each microfacet is due to the In composition variations of the MQWs. These results suggest that white emission can possibly be obtained without using phosphors by combining emission light from microstructures.
基金Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(BE2020756)National Natural Science Foundation of China(1148081606193050)。
文摘The photonic topological insulator has become an important research topic with a wide range of applications.Especially the higher-order topological insulator,which possesses gapped edge states and corner or hinge states in the gap,provides a new scheme for the control of light in a hierarchy of dimensions.In this paper,we propose a heterostructure composed of ordinary-topological-ordinary(OTO)photonic crystal slabs.Two coupled edge states(CESs)are generated due to the coupling between the topological edge states of the ordinary-topological interfaces,which opens up an effective way for high-capacity photonic transport.In addition,we obtain a new band gap between the CESs,and the two kinds of coupled corner states(CCSs)appear in the OTO bend structure.In addition,the topological corner state is also found,which arises from the filling anomaly of a lattice.Compared with the previous topological photonic crystal based on C-4 lattice,CESs,CCSs,and the topological corner state are all directly observed in experiment by using the near-field scanning technique,which makes the manipulation of the electromagnetic wave more flexible.We also verify that the three corner states are all robust to defects.Our work opens up a new way for guiding and trapping the light flow and provides a useful case for the coupling of topological photonic states.
基金funded by the Planned Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province,China(grant no.2021A0505030075)Key R&D Projects in Huzhou City(grant no.2021ZD2037)State Key Laboratory for managing biotic and chemical treats to the quality and safety of agro-products(grant no.2022KF03).
文摘Bacterial blight poses a threat to rice production and food security,which can be controlled through large-scale breeding efforts toward resistant cultivars.Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)remote sensing provides an alternative means for the infield phenotype evaluation of crop disease resistance to relatively time-consuming and laborious traditional methods.However,the quality of data acquired by UAV can be affected by several factors such as weather,crop growth period,and geographical location,which can limit their utility for the detection of crop disease and resistant phenotypes.Therefore,a more effective use of UAV data for crop disease phenotype analysis is required.In this paper,we used time series UAV remote sensing data together with accumulated temperature data to train the rice bacterial blight severity evaluation model.The best results obtained with the predictive model showed an R_(p)^(2) of 0.86 with an RMSE_(p) of 0.65.Moreover,model updating strategy was used to explore the scalability of the established model in different geographical locations.Twenty percent of transferred data for model training was useful for the evaluation of disease severity over different sites.In addition,the method for phenotypic analysis of rice disease we built here was combined with quantitative trait loci(QTL)analysis to identify resistance QTL in genetic populations at different growth stages.Three new QTLs were identified,and QTLs identified at different growth stages were inconsistent.QTL analysis combined with UAV high-throughput phenotyping provides new ideas for accelerating disease resistance breeding.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61974056)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2020756)+3 种基金the National First-Class Discipline Program of Food Science and Technology(No.JUFSTR20180302)the Science and Technology Development Foundation of Wuxi(No.N20191002)the Postgradute Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCY20_1769)the Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Jiangsu Province(No.202010295125Y)。
文摘We have fabricated the Al Ga N solar-blind ultraviolet metal–semiconductor–metal(MSM)photodetectors(PDs)with an Al composition of 0.55.The surface roughness and dislocations of the high-Al-content Al0.55 Ga0.45 N epitaxial layer are analyzed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy,respectively.The device exhibits high spectral responsivity and external quantum efficiency due to the photoconductive gain effect.The current reveals a strong dependence on high temperatures in the range of 4–10 V.Moreover,the Poole–Frenkel emission model and changing space charge regions are employed to explain the carrier transport and photoconductive gain mechanisms for the Al Ga N PD,respectively.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021YQ32)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M740472)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62074019,62174016,and 62375028)Partial support was given by the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn201909117)Opening Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices(No.PMD202401)the special fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province.
文摘Luminescent materials with multi-emission features are difficult to be replicated, which are highly desirable for advanced anti-counterfeiting. Here, we report the pioneering synthesis of Mn^(2+)/Yb^(3+)/Er^(3+) tri-doped Cs2Ag0.8Na0.2InCl6 double perovskites (MYE-DP), which exhibit photoluminescence (PL) covering from visible to near-infrared (NIR). The PL colors under excitations of 254 and 365 nm are notably different due to the changed relative emission intensities of self-trapped excitons (STEs) and Mn^(2+) d–d transition. Moreover, under the excitation of a NIR laser, the MYE-DP exhibits upconversion (UC) emissions of Mn^(2+) and Er^(3+). After ceasing the excitation, the long-lived trapped electrons can be thermally released to Mn^(2+) and Er^(3+) ions, resulting in both visible and NIR afterglow. Based on multi-modal emissions of the MYE-DP, we demonstrate a five-level anti-counterfeiting strategy, which significantly increases the anti-counterfeiting security. In addition, this work provides valuable insights into the energy transfer between STEs, Mn^(2+), Ln^(3+), and traps, laying a solid foundation for future development of new lead-free perovskites.
